Chemistry

reactant

sostantivo

/rɪæk.tənt/ or /riāk.tēnt/

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(sostanza reattiva)

reagente

a substance that takes part in and undergoes a chemical reaction, leading to the formation of new products

catalyst

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Catalyst

(chemistry) a substance that causes a chemical reaction to happen at a faster rate without undergoing any chemical change itself

catalysis

sostantivo

/kæ.tæ.lə.sɪs/ or /kā.tā.lē.sis/

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(catalizzatore)

catalisi

the acceleration or facilitation of a chemical reaction by a substance (catalyst) that remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

covalent bond

sostantivo

/kˈoʊveɪlənt bˈɑːnd/

(banda covalente)

legame covalente

a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule

isomer

sostantivo

/aɪ.sə.mɜr/ or /ai.sē.mēr/

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(isomeri)

isomero

any of two or more compounds having the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms and, consequently, different properties

polymer

sostantivo

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(polimero grande)

polimero

a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure

monomer

sostantivo

/mɑ.nə.mɜr/ or /maa.nē.mēr/

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(monomero chimico)

monomero

a molecule that can chemically bond with other molecules to form a polymer

hydrocarbon

sostantivo

/haɪd.roʊ.kɑr.bən/ or /haid.rooo.kaar.bēn/

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(idrocarburi)

idrocarburo

a compound composed of hydrogen and carbon atoms, with the simplest form being alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes

ester

sostantivo

/ɛs.tɜr/ or /es.tēr/

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(esteri)

estere

a chemical compound derived from the reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid, typically with the elimination of water

aldehyde

sostantivo

/æl.dɪ.haɪd/ or /āl.di.haid/

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(aldeido)

aldeide

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and another carbon atom, commonly found in essential oils and used in various chemical processes

alcohol

sostantivo

/æl.kə.hɑl/ or /āl.kē.haal/

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(idrato)

alcol

a compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom, widely used as solvents, fuels, and in pharmaceutical and chemical synthesis

ketone

sostantivo

/ki.toʊn/ or /ki.tooon/

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(chetoni)

chetone

an organic compound with a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms, commonly found in solvents, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings

oxidation-reduction

sostantivo

/ˌɑːksɪdˈeɪʃənɹɪdˈʌkʃən/

(ossidoriduzione)

reazione di ossidoriduzione

a chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between substances

molarity

sostantivo

/moʊ.læ.rɪ.ti/ or /mooo.lā.ri.ti/

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(concentrazione molare)

molarità

the concentration of a solute in a solution, measured in moles per liter (mol/L or M)

electrolyte

sostantivo

/ɪ.lɛkt.rɑ.laɪt/ or /i.lekt.raa.lait/

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(sostanza elettrolitica)

elettrolita

a substance that, when dissolved in a solution, produces ions and enables the conduction of electric current

colloid

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/kɑ.lɔɪd/ or /kaa.lawid/

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(sospensione colloidale)

colloide

a mixture where small particles of one substance are evenly dispersed in another substance, typically intermediate in size between solution and suspension particles

alkali

sostantivo

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alkali

any substance with a pH of more than seven that neutralizes acids creating salt and water

ammonia

sostantivo

/ə.moʊn.jə/ or /ē.mooon.yē/

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ammoniaca

a gas with a strong smell that dissolves in water to give a strongly alkaline solution

alloy

sostantivo

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lega

a combination of two or more metals, creating a metal that is usually stronger or more resistant

halogen

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(alogeno chimico)

alogeno

a type of chemical element found in Group 17 of the periodic table, known for being highly reactive and commonly used in disinfectants and lights

isotope

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(isotopi)

isotopo

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass

noble gas

sostantivo

/nˈoʊbəl ɡˈæs/

(nobile gas)

gas nobile

any of the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table, including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon, characterized by their inert nature and stable electron configurations

emulsion

sostantivo

/ɪ.məl.ʃən/ or /i.mēl.shēn/

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(miscela di liquidi)

emulsione

a mixture of two liquids where tiny droplets of one are evenly dispersed in the other, like oil in water

half-life

sostantivo

/hˈæf lˈaɪf/

(meta vita)

emivita

the time required for half of a quantity of a substance to undergo a change or decay, typically in the context of radioactive decay or chemical reactions

depleted uranium

sostantivo

/dɪplˈiːɾᵻd jʊɹˈeɪniəm/

(uranio depleto)

uranio impoverito

a type of uranium that has most of its more radioactive isotopes removed, primarily used for armor-piercing ammunition and shielding

solvent

sostantivo

/sɑl.vənt/ or /saal.vēnt/

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solvente

a liquid that is capable of dissolving another substance

charged

aggettivo

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accusato

having an electric charge