(polimero grande)
polimero
a large molecule composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, covalently bonded together in a chain-like structure
(isotopi)
isotopo
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, leading to variation in atomic mass
(reagente)
reattivo
having a tendency to to undergo chemical reactions
radioattivo
containing or relating to a dangerous form of energy produced by nuclear reactions
(banda covalente)
legame covalente
a chemical bond where atoms share electrons to form a stable molecule
Informazioni Grammaticali:
(legame doppio)
doppio legame
a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving the sharing of two pairs of electrons, resulting in a stronger and more stable connection than a single bond
(affini all'acqua)
idrofili
defining substances or surfaces that have a strong attraction to water molecules, allowing them to easily absorb or interact with water
(idrofobo)
idrorepellente
characterized by substances or surfaces that repel water molecules, showing little or no affinity for water
(reazione che libera calore)
reazione esotermica
a chemical reaction that releases heat energy to its surroundings, typically resulting in a temperature increase
(processo endothermico)
reazione endothermica
a chemical process that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature decrease
(massa atomica media)
massa atomica
the weighted average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account the masses of all its naturally occurring isotopes
(massa di una molecola)
massa molecolare
the total mass of all the atoms in a single molecule of a substance
(massa atomica)
numero di massa
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
(molecula)
mole
a fundamental unit in chemistry that represents the amount of substance containing as many entities (atoms, molecules) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12
becher
a container usually made of glass or plastic used in chemistry and laboratory
A beaker is a wide, cylindrical container used in laboratories for mixing, heating, or holding liquids and chemicals. It is typically made of glass or plastic and has a flat bottom for stability. Beakers often have markings on the side to show measurements, making it easier to measure and pour liquids accurately. They usually have a small spout at the top for easy pouring and are commonly used in science experiments or in classrooms to perform basic chemical processes or mix substances.
(pipettone)
pipetta
a laboratory tool used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid
A pipette is a small, tube-like tool used to transfer or measure liquids in precise amounts. It is typically made of glass or plastic and has a narrow, long shape with a bulb at one end. The bulb is squeezed to draw liquid into the pipette, which can then be released by squeezing the bulb again. Pipettes are commonly used in laboratories, especially in experiments that require accurate measurements of liquids, such as in chemical reactions or medical testing. Some pipettes are graduated to show different volumes, while others are used for transferring a fixed amount of liquid.
(centrifugo)
centrifuga
a device that spins samples to separate components based on density
A centrifuge is a device used in laboratories to separate substances of different weights from a liquid mixture. It does this by spinning the mixture very quickly, causing heavier materials to move outward and leaving lighter materials closer to the center. This process allows scientists and researchers to separate and study substances like cells, proteins, or DNA in biological samples. Centrifuges are essential tools in various scientific fields for performing tests, experiments, and analyses efficiently.
(carta indicatrice)
carta indicatori
a special paper treated with chemicals that change color in response to certain conditions, used to test for the presence of specific substances or measure pH levels
(tavola periodica)
tabella periodica
a tabular arrangement of chemical elements organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties
(sprissatura)
calcificazione
the process where calcium or calcium salts accumulate in a tissue, making it hard and rigid
(titratura)
titolazione
a laboratory method used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by gradually adding a reagent of known concentration until a reaction is completed
(fermento)
fermentazione
the process by which microorganisms convert carbohydrates into alcohol, acids, or gases
Fermentation is a natural metabolic process that converts sugars into acids, gases, or alcohol, often with the help of microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. In the context of food and beverages, fermentation is commonly used to produce a wide variety of products, including bread, cheese, yogurt, beer, wine, and sauerkraut, among others. During fermentation, microorganisms break down the sugars present in the starting material, releasing energy and producing byproducts such as carbon dioxide, alcohol, or lactic acid. These byproducts often contribute to the flavor, texture, and preservation of the final product. Fermentation can occur spontaneously in some cases, but it is often carefully controlled and monitored in food production to achieve consistent results and ensure food safety.
(diluzione)
concentrazione
the measure of how much of a substance is present in a certain volume of solution
(microprova)
microsonda
a device used to analyze the chemical composition of small samples at a microscopic scale
(lega a più componenti)
lega multicomponente
a type of metallic material composed of three or more elements mixed together in varying proportions
(gruppo radicalico)
radicale
a group of atoms bonded together that behaves as a single unit within a molecule
(analisi)
saggio
a test that measures the presence, amount, or activity of a specific substance in a sample, often used in scientific and medical research
(stato di equilibrio)
equilibrio dinamico
a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products
(processo di elettrolisi)
elettrolisi
(chemistry) the process of separating a liquid or solution into its parts by passing electricity through it
dissolvere
(of a solid) to become one with a liquid
Informazioni Grammaticali:
(diluirlo)
diluire
to make a solution or mixture weaker or less concentrated by adding more liquid
Informazioni Grammaticali:
(disperdere)
sospendere
to disperse fine particles throughout a fluid so they remain evenly distributed without settling
Informazioni Grammaticali:
(dissoluzione)
solubilizzazione
the process of dispersing or dissolving a substance into a solvent to form a homogeneous solution
(microstruttura materiale)
microstruttura
the arrangement, composition, and characteristics of a material at a microscopic level
(tubulo nano)
nanotubo
a tiny, tube-shaped structure made of carbon atoms, with remarkable strength and electrical properties
(fusa)
fuso
heated to a liquid state due to high temperatures
(stato)
fase
a phase is a distinct form of matter with uniform chemical and physical properties, separated from other forms by boundaries
(detossificare)
disintossicare
to eliminate or neutralize harmful substances
Informazioni Grammaticali:
(cristallizzato)
cristallino
denoting substances with a highly organized molecular structure, akin to crystals
(cristallografa)
cristallografo
a scientist who studies the structure and properties of crystals
(cosmochemica)
cosmochemico
a scientist who studies the chemical composition and processes of celestial bodies to understand the formation and evolution of the universe
(metodo cromatografico)
cromatografia
a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze mixtures of substances based on their differential affinities for a stationary phase and a mobile phase
(beta decadenza)
decadenza beta
a type of radioactive decay where a nucleus emits a beta particle (electron or positron) to transform a neutron into a proton or vice versa
(senza carica)
neutro
not having an electrical charge
(condenser)
condensatore
a device that turns vapor into liquid by cooling it
A condenser is a laboratory device used to cool and condense vapors back into liquid form. It typically consists of a tube through which vapor passes, surrounded by a layer of cold water that cools the vapor as it moves through. The cooled vapor then turns back into liquid and can be collected in a separate container. Condensers are commonly used in distillation processes, where heat is applied to a liquid to separate its components, and in other experiments that involve heating and cooling substances. The cold water helps ensure the vapor does not escape.
(interazioni di van der Waals)
forze di van der Waals
weak attractive forces between molecules or atoms, arising from temporary or induced dipoles
(esperto di metallurgia)
metallurgista
a scientist or engineer who specializes in the study and production of metals and alloys, including their properties, processing methods, and applications
(adsorbimento superficiale)
adsorbimento
the process by which molecules of a substance adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid, forming a thin film or layer
(biocarburante)
biodiesel
a renewable, alternative fuel made from organic materials such as vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled cooking grease
Biodiesel is a type of fuel made from natural oils, such as vegetable oil or animal fat, that can be used in diesel engines. It is considered a cleaner alternative to regular diesel because it produces fewer harmful gases. Biodiesel can be used on its own or mixed with regular diesel. Since it is made from renewable sources, it helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, producing biodiesel requires land and resources, which can affect food production and the environment.
(eutettica)
eutettico
a specific composition of a mixture of substances, typically metals or alloys, where the melting point is at its lowest possible temperature under atmospheric pressure
(assorbente super)
superassorbente
a substance capable of absorbing and retaining a large amount of liquid relative to its own mass
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