Found footage is a filmmaking style where the movie is presented as if it were discovered film or video recordings made by the characters within the story. This approach often creates a sense of realism and immediacy, as if the audience is watching real, unedited material. Commonly used in horror and thriller genres, found footage typically involves characters using cameras or recording devices that capture events unfolding in real-time, giving the film an authentic and raw feel.

What is "found footage"?

found footage

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Motion control photography is a technique used in filmmaking to precisely control and repeat camera movements. This method involves using computerized systems to automate the camera's motion along specific paths or trajectories. It allows for consistent and repeatable movements, which is especially useful for complex shots, visual effects, or creating seamless transitions between different takes. Motion control photography ensures that each shot is exactly the same, making it easier to combine live-action footage with special effects or other elements in post-production.

What is "motion control photography"?

motion control photography

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Automavision is a filmmaking technique where cameras are controlled by automated systems to capture scenes with precise movements and angles. This method allows for consistent and repeatable camera work, often using computer-controlled rigs or robotics to achieve complex shots. Automavision is particularly useful for visual effects and creating dynamic sequences that require exact camera positioning and movement. By automating these processes, filmmakers can ensure greater accuracy and efficiency in capturing their desired shots.

What is "automavision"?

automavision

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A freeze frame is a technique in film and video where a single frame is paused to create a still image. This effect stops the motion on the screen, allowing viewers to closely examine a particular moment, detail, or scene. Freeze frames are often used to highlight important moments, add emphasis, or provide a dramatic pause in the narrative. By isolating a specific frame, the technique can draw attention to key visual elements or enhance the impact of a scene.

What is a "freeze frame"?

freeze frame

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A jump scare is a sudden and unexpected moment in a film or video designed to startle or shock the audience. It often involves a loud noise, quick movement, or a startling image that appears abruptly, usually accompanied by a dramatic or suspenseful buildup. Jump scares are commonly used in horror and thriller genres to create a burst of fear or surprise, aiming to elicit an immediate, instinctive reaction from viewers.

What is a "jump scare"?

jump scare

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The Ken Burns effect is a technique used in video editing that involves slowly zooming in on or panning across still images. Named after the documentary filmmaker Ken Burns, who popularized this method, it adds a sense of movement and dynamism to static photos. This effect helps to maintain viewer interest and can create a more engaging visual experience by bringing historical or static images to life and emphasizing details within the photographs.

What is the "Ken Burns effect"?

Ken Burns effect

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A low-angle shot is a camera angle where the camera is positioned below the subject, pointing upward. This perspective makes the subject appear larger, more powerful, or more imposing. Low-angle shots are often used to convey dominance, authority, or a sense of grandeur, and can also enhance the dramatic effect of a scene. By altering the viewer's perception of the subject, this technique helps to influence the mood and impact of the visual storytelling.

What is a "low-angle shot"?

low-angle shot

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Mickey Mousing is a technique in animation and film where the movement of the characters is synchronized with the musical score or sound effects. Named after the early Disney cartoons featuring Mickey Mouse, this method involves matching the actions and gestures of characters precisely with the rhythm and melody of the accompanying music. The technique enhances the visual storytelling by making the film or animation feel more dynamic and engaging, as the character movements and audio elements work together to create a more cohesive and lively experience.

What is "Mickey Mousing"?

Mickey Mousing

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A multiple-camera setup is a filming technique where several cameras are used simultaneously to capture different angles or perspectives of a scene. This approach allows filmmakers to record the action from various viewpoints in real time, reducing the need for multiple takes. It is commonly used in television productions, live broadcasts, and complex scenes where capturing different angles and reactions is crucial. The multiple-camera setup helps ensure that all important aspects of a scene are covered and can make the editing process more efficient by providing a range of footage to choose from.

What is a "multiple-camera setup"?

multiple-camera setup

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Offscreen refers to elements or actions that occur outside the viewable area of the screen in a film or video. These are events, sounds, or characters that are not visible to the audience but may be implied or mentioned through dialogue, sound effects, or visual cues. The use of offscreen space can add depth to the narrative, create suspense, or suggest the presence of elements that are not directly shown but are important to the story.

What is "offscreen"?

offscreen

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On-set virtual production is a filmmaking technique that uses digital technology to create and manipulate virtual environments in real-time during filming. This approach involves using large LED screens or projection systems on set to display digital backgrounds and interactive elements. Actors perform in front of these screens, which can dynamically change the environment around them, allowing for realistic integration of live action and virtual elements. This technique enhances creativity, reduces the need for location shoots, and provides immediate visual feedback, helping filmmakers achieve more immersive and visually coherent scenes.

What is "on-set virtual production"?

on-set virtual production

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An over-the-shoulder shot is a camera angle where the camera is positioned behind one character, typically focusing on what the character is looking at. This shot usually frames the character's shoulder and the back of their head, with the main focus on the subject or action in front of them. It is commonly used in conversations to show the perspective of one character while highlighting their interaction with another character or an important element in the scene. This angle helps establish context, emphasize relationships, and provide viewers with a sense of involvement in the dialogue or action.

What is an "over-the-shoulder shot"?

over-the-shoulder shot

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Photoanimation is a technique that combines still photographs with animation to create a sense of movement or life within the images. This method involves taking static photos and adding animated elements, such as moving parts, transitions, or effects, to make the photos appear dynamic. It is often used in film, advertising, and multimedia presentations to enhance visual interest and storytelling by bringing static images to life in a creative and engaging way.

What is "photoanimation"?

photoanimation

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Polyvision is a technique used to create a wide and immersive visual experience by combining multiple screens or projections into a single, continuous image. This method involves arranging several display panels or projectors in a way that they work together to show a larger, unified picture or scene. Polyvision enhances the visual impact by providing a broader view and can be used in various contexts, including art installations, presentations, and large-scale displays, to create a more engaging and expansive visual effect.

What is "polyvision"?

polyvision

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A reaction shot is a type of camera angle used to capture a character's response or emotional reaction to an event or dialogue happening in a scene. Typically, this shot focuses on the character's face, highlighting their expressions or feelings in response to something occurring offscreen or from another character. Reaction shots are important for conveying how characters are affected by the narrative and for enhancing the emotional impact of a scene, helping the audience connect with the characters' experiences and reactions.

What is a "reaction shot"?

reaction shot

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An unchained camera is a filming technique where the camera is not fixed to a specific position or track but is instead free to move in any direction. This approach allows for dynamic and fluid camera movements, such as sweeping shots, tilts, or handheld motions. By using an unchained camera, filmmakers can create a sense of spontaneity and immediacy, enhance the visual storytelling, and capture more natural, immersive scenes. This technique is often used to follow action closely or convey a sense of freedom and energy within the film.

What is an "unchained camera"?

unchained camera

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Redress refers to the process of altering or modifying a set or location to fit a different scene or purpose in film and television production. This can involve changing decorations, props, and other visual elements to create a new look or atmosphere. Redress allows filmmakers to reuse the same space for multiple scenes or settings, ensuring continuity and efficiency while adapting the environment to suit various parts of the story.

What is "redress"?

redress

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A shaky camera is a filming technique where the camera movement is intentionally unsteady or jerky. This effect can be achieved through handheld filming or by using specific equipment to create a sense of instability. A shaky camera is often used to convey urgency, tension, or realism, making the audience feel as though they are directly experiencing the action or events. This technique is commonly used in action scenes, thrillers, and horror films to enhance the emotional impact and immerse viewers in the unfolding drama.

What is a "shaky camera"?

shaky camera

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A single camera setup is a filmmaking approach where only one camera is used to capture all the footage for a scene. This method involves shooting each angle or take sequentially, often requiring multiple setups to cover different perspectives. Single camera setups are commonly used in television dramas, films, and certain types of commercials. This technique allows for greater control over each shot's composition and lighting, enabling more detailed and creative storytelling, though it can be more time-consuming compared to using multiple cameras simultaneously.

What is a "single camera setup"?

single camera setup

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Stalker vision is a filmmaking technique used to depict a character's point of view, often to create a sense of unease or tension. It involves showing the scene from the perspective of a character who is observing or following another character, usually in a discreet or intrusive manner. This technique is often used in thrillers or horror films to make the audience experience the feeling of being watched or followed, enhancing the suspense and psychological impact of the scene.

What is "stalker vision"?

stalker vision

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A tracking shot is a camera movement where the camera follows the subject as it moves through a scene. This technique involves placing the camera on a track or dolly to smoothly follow the action, allowing for continuous and fluid motion. Tracking shots are used to keep the subject in the frame while capturing dynamic movement, helping to maintain the visual flow of the scene and providing a sense of immersion and movement within the narrative. This technique can be employed to follow characters, vehicles, or objects as they move through a space, enhancing the storytelling and visual engagement.

What is a "tracking shot"?

tracking shot

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A trunk shot is a type of camera angle where the camera is positioned inside the trunk of a car, capturing the view from within as the trunk is open or partially open. This shot is often used to provide a unique perspective or to create a sense of confinement and surprise. It can be employed to reveal a hidden character, object, or action in the trunk, adding to the dramatic effect or enhancing the storytelling by offering a distinctive viewpoint.

What is a "trunk shot"?

trunk shot

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Soft focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique where the camera deliberately blurs parts of the image to create a dreamy or gentle effect. This is achieved by using a special lens or filter that reduces the sharpness of the focus, softening the details while maintaining some clarity in certain areas. Soft focus is often used to create a romantic or nostalgic atmosphere, emphasize mood, or highlight a subject by making the background less distinct. It can also help to smooth out imperfections in the image and create a more flattering appearance for subjects.

What is "soft focus"?

soft focus

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A Dutch angle is a camera technique where the camera is tilted sideways, causing the horizon line to slant. This angle creates a sense of disorientation, unease, or tension, making the viewer feel as if the world is tilted. It is commonly used in films and television to visually suggest instability, confusion, or psychological distress, enhancing the dramatic impact of the scene.

What is a "Dutch angle"?

Dutch angle

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A closeup is a camera shot that frames a subject very closely, typically focusing on a person's face or a specific detail of an object. This shot emphasizes the subject's expressions, emotions, or important features by filling most of the frame with it. Closeups are used to highlight significant elements, convey intimacy, or draw attention to particular details, making them essential for creating a strong emotional connection with the audience.

What is a "closeup"?

closeup

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A high-angle shot is a camera angle where the camera is positioned above the subject, looking down at it. This perspective makes the subject appear smaller, weaker, or less significant. High-angle shots are often used to convey a sense of vulnerability, inferiority, or to show the subject in a broader context. This technique helps create visual contrast and can enhance the storytelling by influencing how viewers perceive the characters and their situations.

What is a "high-angle shot"?

high-angle shot

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A wide shot, also known as a long shot, is a camera angle that captures a broad view of a scene or setting. This shot often includes a large portion of the environment and may show characters or objects from a considerable distance. Wide shots are used to establish the location, provide context, and give viewers a sense of the space and surroundings. They are effective for showing the relationships between characters and their environment, as well as for creating a sense of scale and perspective.

What is a "wide shot"?

wide shot

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A medium shot is a camera angle that frames a subject from the waist up, or from a similar distance that captures both the subject and their immediate surroundings. This type of shot provides a balance between detail and context, allowing viewers to see the subject's facial expressions and body language while also including enough of the environment to understand the scene's setting. Medium shots are commonly used in dialogue scenes and interactions, as they offer a clear view of the characters while maintaining a sense of the space around them.

What is a "medium shot"?

medium shot

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Cross-cutting is an editing technique where the film alternates between two or more separate scenes or actions happening simultaneously but in different locations. This method helps create a sense of connection or contrast between the different scenes, often building suspense or emphasizing parallels in the narrative. Cross-cutting allows filmmakers to weave together multiple storylines, enhance dramatic tension, or show how different elements of the story are interrelated.

What is "cross-cutting"?

cross-cutting

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A cutaway is an editing technique where the film briefly switches from the main action or subject to a different, related shot, often showing something that provides additional context or information. This secondary shot, called a "cutaway," can highlight details, reactions, or elements that are important to the story but not part of the main action. After the cutaway, the film returns to the original scene, enhancing the narrative by adding depth or clarifying aspects of the story.

What is a "cutaway"?

cutaway

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A dissolve is a type of transition in film and video editing where one scene gradually fades out while the next scene simultaneously fades in, creating a smooth, overlapping transition between the two. This technique is used to signify a passage of time, a change in location, or a shift in the narrative, helping to connect scenes in a visually seamless manner. A dissolve can add a sense of continuity and flow to the storytelling, making transitions between different moments or scenes more fluid.

What is a "dissolve"?

dissolve

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An establishing shot is a wide shot used at the beginning of a scene to show the setting and context. It provides viewers with a clear sense of the location and the spatial relationship between elements in the scene. Establishing shots often include important details about the environment, such as buildings, landscapes, or interiors, and help set the stage for the action that will follow. This type of shot helps orient the audience and provides necessary background information for understanding the upcoming events.

What is an "establishing shot"?

establishing shot

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Fast cutting is an editing technique where scenes or shots are edited together in rapid succession, creating a quick-paced, energetic effect. This approach can enhance the intensity and urgency of a scene, often used in action sequences, music videos, or dramatic moments. Fast cutting keeps the audience engaged by maintaining a high level of visual stimulation and momentum, and is effective for conveying excitement, tension, or a rapid flow of events.

What is "fast cutting"?

fast cutting

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An insert is a brief shot or detail inserted into a scene to highlight a specific element, such as an object, a close-up of a character's reaction, or an important piece of information. Inserts are used to draw attention to details that are crucial for the story, provide additional context, or enhance the narrative by focusing on specific aspects of the scene. This technique helps to emphasize important elements and ensure that viewers understand their significance within the broader context of the scene.

What is an "insert"?

insert

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A J-cut is an editing technique where the audio from the next scene begins before the visual transition to that scene. This means that viewers hear the sound from the upcoming scene while still seeing the current one. The visual transition then follows, allowing the sound to bridge the gap and create a smooth, cohesive flow between scenes. J-cuts are used to enhance narrative continuity, build anticipation, or smoothly connect disparate scenes.

What is a "J-cut"?

J-cut

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A jump cut is an editing technique where a sudden, abrupt transition occurs between two shots of the same subject, often causing a noticeable shift in time or space. This type of cut creates a jarring effect by skipping over portions of the action. Jump cuts are used to emphasize a passage of time, highlight changes in the narrative, or create a sense of disorientation. They are often employed in experimental or stylistically distinctive films to convey a particular mood or artistic expression.

What is a "jump cut"?

jump cut

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An L-cut is an editing technique where the audio from the current scene continues to play even after the visual transition to the next scene has begun. This means that viewers hear the sound from the previous scene while seeing the new scene. The L-cut helps to create a smoother, more seamless transition between scenes by allowing the audio to bridge the gap and maintain continuity. It can enhance the flow of the narrative, build a connection between scenes, and maintain the audience's immersion in the story.

What is an "L-cut"?

L-cut

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A master shot is a wide-angle or long shot that captures an entire scene from start to finish in a single take. It includes all the characters and important elements within the frame, providing a comprehensive view of the action and the setting. Master shots are used to establish the overall context of a scene and ensure continuity in the storytelling. They serve as a reference for subsequent, closer shots and are crucial for maintaining spatial relationships and visual consistency throughout the scene.

What is a "master shot"?

master shot

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A montage is a filmmaking technique where a series of short, varied shots are edited together to condense time, convey information quickly, or illustrate a sequence of events. This method is used to show the passage of time, highlight character development, or build up a narrative through a rapid sequence of images. Montages can be set to music or a voice-over, enhancing the emotional impact and pacing of the story. By combining these shots, filmmakers can efficiently communicate complex ideas or transitions in a visually engaging way.

What is a "montage"?

montage

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A point-of-view shot is a camera angle that shows the scene from a character's perspective, as if the audience is seeing what the character sees. This type of shot helps viewers experience the scene through the character's eyes, creating a more immersive and personal connection. Point-of-view shots are often used to convey a character's emotions, reactions, or mental state, and can enhance the storytelling by allowing the audience to experience events from the character's direct perspective.

What is a "point-of-view shot"?

point-of-view shot

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A wipe is a transition effect used in film and video editing where one scene gradually replaces another by pushing the old scene off the screen with a moving line or shape. This line or shape moves across the screen, revealing the new scene underneath as it progresses. Wipes can vary in direction and style, such as left to right, top to bottom, or diagonally. This technique helps to visually separate scenes or suggest a passage of time, while also adding a distinctive and stylistic touch to the transition.

What is a "wipe"?

wipe

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A sequence shot is a single, uninterrupted camera take that captures an entire sequence of actions or events in one continuous shot. This technique often involves complex choreography, movement, and camera work, allowing the scene to unfold in real-time without cuts. Sequence shots are used to maintain a sense of continuity, build tension, or showcase intricate staging and performances. They can enhance the immersion and realism of a scene by providing a comprehensive view of the action and its context.

What is a "sequence shot"?

sequence shot

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A smash cut is a sudden and abrupt transition from one scene or shot to another, typically used to create a strong emotional or dramatic effect. This technique involves a sharp contrast between the two scenes, often with a jarring change in tone, setting, or subject matter. Smash cuts can heighten surprise, emphasize a dramatic shift, or add intensity to the storytelling by quickly moving the audience from one moment to another, enhancing the impact of the narrative.

What is a "smash cut"?

smash cut

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Slow cutting is a technique where scenes or shots are edited together with longer durations between cuts. This method creates a more deliberate and measured pace, allowing viewers to absorb the details and emotions of each moment. Slow cutting can enhance the mood, build tension, or emphasize the significance of certain scenes by giving them more screen time and maintaining a steady rhythm throughout the film or video.

What is "slow cutting"?

slow cutting

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A reverse shot is a camera angle that shows the opposite perspective of a previous shot. This technique is often used in conversations or interactions to provide a view of what a character is looking at or responding to. For example, if the first shot shows a character speaking, the reverse shot would show the character they are addressing. This helps establish spatial relationships and maintains continuity in the scene by allowing viewers to see both sides of the interaction.

What is a "reverse shot"?

reverse shot

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An axial cut is an editing technique where the camera angle stays the same while transitioning from one shot to another. This method involves changing the shots by maintaining the same visual perspective and axis, which helps ensure a smooth and seamless transition between scenes. By keeping the camera position consistent, axial cuts preserve the spatial relationship and continuity, making the switch between shots less jarring and more coherent for the viewer.

What is an "axial cut"?

axial cut

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Bleach bypass is a film processing technique where the bleach step, which removes silver from the film, is partially or completely skipped. This results in higher contrast and a more desaturated color palette, giving the film a distinct, gritty, or stylized look. The technique can enhance texture and mood, making it useful for creating dramatic or vintage effects. Bleach bypass is often used in filmmaking to evoke a particular atmosphere or to intensify the visual impact of a scene.

What is "bleach bypass"?

bleach bypass

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An eyeline match is a film editing technique where the camera cuts from a character's face to what they are looking at, and then back to their reaction. This technique helps establish the visual connection between the character and the object or scene they are observing. By showing where the character's gaze is directed, the eyeline match helps viewers understand their focus and emotional response, creating a coherent and immersive viewing experience.

What is an "eyeline match"?

eyeline match

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The Kuleshov effect is a film editing technique where a series of shots are arranged to create a specific meaning or emotion. By showing a sequence of images in a particular order, the same facial expression or scene can convey different feelings or interpretations depending on the context provided by the surrounding shots. This effect demonstrates how editing can shape the audience's understanding and emotional response by influencing how they perceive the relationships between different elements in the film.

What is the "Kuleshov effect"?

Kuleshov effect

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A flashback is a narrative technique used in movies, TV shows, and written works to show events that happened before the current storyline. It involves briefly interrupting the present action to revisit past events, providing background information or context that helps explain characters' motivations, plot developments, or important backstory. Flashbacks are often used to reveal crucial details, enhance understanding, or add depth to the narrative, allowing the audience to see how past experiences have shaped the present situation.

What is a "flashback"?

flashback

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A crane shot is a camera movement where the camera is mounted on a crane or similar equipment, allowing it to move smoothly in various directions, including up and down, and side to side. This technique provides a wide range of motion, enabling filmmakers to capture sweeping, high-angle views or dynamic movements within a scene. Crane shots are used to establish grand perspectives, follow action fluidly, and add dramatic or cinematic effect by showcasing scenes from elevated or unconventional angles.

What is a "crane shot"?

crane shot

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Here you will learn some English words related to cinematic techniques and film editing such as "closeup", "montage", and "flashback".

Parole inglesi per "Tecniche cinematografiche e montaggio film"