to plant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGxhbnQ&hash=ab32fb6476df1a58d41f6e9ca2713734621d7a39&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGxhbnQ&hash=e8f244d77059dd32351c48ac97983f4e8ce6c566&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to dominate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZG9taW5hdGU&hash=40907246fca5f26faa534d572e2132eeeee71399&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZG9taW5hdGU&hash=030c96ee14019f440cf61caf294e6a42caa5abe6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

agenda

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWdlbmRh&hash=76caf3e59dd10b486d6c71284fbc84e30d4bf8bb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWdlbmRh&hash=04d98e749ea7e766d05a653554d8a045c793cae0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

climate crisis

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2xpbWF0ZSBjcmlzaXM&hash=474e5c1a617d53340c47a07211f7e6bd920ab10c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2xpbWF0ZSBjcmlzaXM&hash=db9c74ed537c938c2e2cc055f864c1759e9fcc3f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

corporation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29ycG9yYXRpb24&hash=8343527f7626f574dcacd70d487b8641790108b3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29ycG9yYXRpb24&hash=0b7e1e4773012a4e7bce2c3fcd321c93102ba399&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to offset

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gb2Zmc2V0&hash=948ed0624e16aeb7bde738128d40245745eb9220&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gb2Zmc2V0&hash=3e84884dc131c216fa10a7a19eacb069fa169000&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

carbon emission

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGVtaXNzaW9u&hash=4397ada9291c7e63954cc4cd3293f2faf157014c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGVtaXNzaW9u&hash=7eefe3a5e71d4af3c071b4e2847691a77b952a08&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

unfortunately

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5mb3J0dW5hdGVseQ&hash=b7abf03f9aa46cf54af4bb98b5b66e81a6d25c1f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dW5mb3J0dW5hdGVseQ&hash=653cbc6ed251a870d442fd7aa6f947e7e446ba20&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

straightforward

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RyYWlnaHRmb3J3YXJk&hash=1fb84af77e0bef20cebce3560f93ac2d0dcc40e6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RyYWlnaHRmb3J3YXJk&hash=106cb5f211fc2782bf1fc3ca25e27fa4197bafe7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

considerably

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uc2lkZXJhYmx5&hash=c3fce9c46d0c93fa5faaac5e60bd13461b1d9fb4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uc2lkZXJhYmx5&hash=ccb77275eff5868eef4675d0aee451480d8f7434&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

reforestation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVmb3Jlc3RhdGlvbg&hash=8ed348a77997f9251c2fc5eed2fd85a95b620b66&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVmb3Jlc3RhdGlvbg&hash=eed220643a8a010832c80d748bd4e88b770ca198&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to undertake

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdW5kZXJ0YWtl&hash=7e5129efba43fde30da6e3e788c457a3114f1c0b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdW5kZXJ0YWtl&hash=9fe5920284e6a18401ed65e8d4bb4d36fb578d98&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

scale

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NhbGU&hash=ee626882c8fc276e9b3afa7b290612521e250806&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NhbGU&hash=d6d6fe8faf603b8a2d2e7d678f460d90680ad127&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

crucial

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3J1Y2lhbA&hash=4ae9b82e07d355278319a9b3825f9082d6c0c492&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3J1Y2lhbA&hash=760f14f874ae152f8c0090096cee066df5ff7382&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to select

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2VsZWN0&hash=1bf11c5ea513c00ec4bd9450037b4756e6f7cd60&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2VsZWN0&hash=15af56d3744fcd6667901cd6331cf4661c42451d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWl4&hash=ec3d1d4d0794c939bf2f60bb5f752549b76c395b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWl4&hash=94a7107071e27aa72c99d6bb12411e8ca61c81c2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

species

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3BlY2llcw&hash=a996b8d9fde8d674f28e0770d82605ceb788b8ea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3BlY2llcw&hash=9351b6e730d15817dcb2526003dd0c7db3fb0138&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

typical

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHlwaWNhbA&hash=d6d3f19ecb30acde88acc60e0bac5767be2f7ddf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHlwaWNhbA&hash=715fcc154898858e6734c0740e2f6e154a10a859&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

ecosystem

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZWNvc3lzdGVt&hash=7ed9963a7328a22bf8caf1762ea2aa68844bbfaf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZWNvc3lzdGVt&hash=9beeefdb1954c7b77576e088feba83d5645e52d8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

rare

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmFyZQ&hash=5e7f90f3ab0894449c7471617c0970f75be197e8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmFyZQ&hash=08a21e4d504bdad39eb05afe00d6861aa36bf9f1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

endangered

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW5kYW5nZXJlZA&hash=23c922895faab22bdfd402635746d53625c86c50&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW5kYW5nZXJlZA&hash=38cecde16419a89b56be07633b812e053d641ec2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

non-native

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bm9uLW5hdGl2ZQ&hash=a9a0b2e022024795db24280fcadd9802379dda3d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bm9uLW5hdGl2ZQ&hash=e1f31e0543222aab46f520bbb36ec6207423d996&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

invasive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW52YXNpdmU&hash=455ec0767f91441ec75a0203b9b161763b5ea270&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW52YXNpdmU&hash=fe2a02e426ef9da3eda9f6d04de69f39af2fdfc8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

significant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2lnbmlmaWNhbnQ&hash=f47fb31198020eab658b839d7c203e717c84acd6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2lnbmlmaWNhbnQ&hash=dabacaac78d9439404a47c05f019e1112fddb998&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

contributor

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJpYnV0b3I&hash=5ccf610e6142d3c1a4a50381867b8f4b5b38f2d3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udHJpYnV0b3I&hash=bc859c3150a1bdd84c722913db00224f9835b491&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

global

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2xvYmFs&hash=b1065c07414d4d5eca112245433cf3fcc3e1046d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2xvYmFs&hash=219829f2c3e19532394550e8c8e99d6ef4b2f46c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

biodiversity

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YmlvZGl2ZXJzaXR5&hash=112d072b63c97d4a223e9b5e81d994e2b632c1bb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YmlvZGl2ZXJzaXR5&hash=6541533ef19c5c7adcdff84ae09bfe9001c3049f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

crisis

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jpc2lz&hash=9506df269b77cf480a26c089ec6ef946ede3ff34&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jpc2lz&hash=eb57282f044ad43c22dec9b41ad0a458d373dbb9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

competition

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tcGV0aXRpb24&hash=7ed71506cb836aef81550281e2a90235e0eeb299&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tcGV0aXRpb24&hash=07ff07067339f20c984f61ef0e0ee52a271cd8dd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to threaten

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGhyZWF0ZW4&hash=5a6bccc183bfd6e293695b3edda6a63b79b23cce&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGhyZWF0ZW4&hash=8b7f6b374e275f642266b1749399f45d2563cac9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

survival

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3Vydml2YWw&hash=9ab142bdc14342e7eafadd081f62d09da8b54ad9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3Vydml2YWw&hash=d5545a400e96ffcdaa309a05ea2ecb5aa2796376&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to restore

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVzdG9yZQ&hash=dcec66cab19c23d43b7486d7861fc1c62172f1b7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVzdG9yZQ&hash=ef8e71ba6e48e8f61381ce0bae32293da015590c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to maximize

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWF4aW1pemU&hash=8870890577263a04d3f9d942c64fc4dddce0f904&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWF4aW1pemU&hash=30e2a1c370cb7490ea29fa2fb3dd712f7aae31c5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

ideally

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aWRlYWxseQ&hash=fed2e96a6ca43a98fca8fcf0f807682ea2669cd8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aWRlYWxseQ&hash=8b9f6720b963c79e9fe32d48fde6c3a33c1b1b58&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

conservation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uc2VydmF0aW9u&hash=bc6e4c6dfdd0825e04eb053d22c1fce7a869bbdf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uc2VydmF0aW9u&hash=2abb2be250892def1fbe312aec14292b4b9b6c8b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

availability

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXZhaWxhYmlsaXR5&hash=f8ef179b515132e9fff3c8b2a609d423238fd548&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXZhaWxhYmlsaXR5&hash=0497f1922e7b859eb8cce4983024ca910f59f5e8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to maintain

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFpbnRhaW4&hash=74b4b263da47f0758bf56208b4d25ed5fc6492b8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFpbnRhaW4&hash=eb53059b6291475c6b9e067405dd964fee665578&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

stability

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RhYmlsaXR5&hash=31a431e787f648ec193cb9af6a82aaf9881310c9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RhYmlsaXR5&hash=a90615a6f6bea2b43a8c42715ef189dc98866012&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

soil

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c29pbA&hash=19f8c5c4f8e9795c90ea2430269e537e2f290b12&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c29pbA&hash=9d3c10edd261f916cca3ab4503225136db45f634&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

whilst

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=d2hpbHN0&hash=971ec5e35bd35914818fcf39547661dc05b08e49&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=d2hpbHN0&hash=0731db4f8e5e06621871d47bda24de1a4e629a84&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

harm

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFybQ&hash=3ee785e9f5e81e244d6ddf074510eb3fabb1d3f1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFybQ&hash=be2483dd7108faebf8b5df226f1ac445500e3717&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

vulnerable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dnVsbmVyYWJsZQ&hash=3610d3e00f32c7fd056262fa5257cee76e5b8f3f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dnVsbmVyYWJsZQ&hash=b72df23b4579f646911fd574197b2c55a03b195f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

A sign is a basic unit that conveys meaning and represents a concept, idea, or object. It consists of two main parts: the signifier, which is the form that the sign takes, such as a word, image, or sound, and the signified, which is the concept or idea that the sign represents. The relationship between the signifier and the signified is often arbitrary, meaning that there is no inherent connection between the two; instead, it is based on social or cultural agreements. For example, the word "tree" is a sign where "tree" is the signifier and the actual concept of a tree is the signified. Understanding signs is essential for interpreting language and communication, as they allow people to share and convey complex ideas effectively.

What is a "sign"?

sign

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2lnbg&hash=08013425ef1564f8725d2617be856f93defe66ea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2lnbg&hash=35adafb3de759053259f8dcba818f4489c093adb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

highly

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGlnaGx5&hash=f14e3d2c254703970e5d27360ed163cbf5212eab&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGlnaGx5&hash=f7edc9de9e3d91952c2eaa74d4de1ea2a6df1b34&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

scheme

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NoZW1l&hash=c8577709ed549f1015aaa923668b1a8da6786fe3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NoZW1l&hash=c918a09d22b670b4434683283a43cd4f5d739069&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

carbon capture

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGNhcHR1cmU&hash=7a6eef9777040a8b32e47aadfb25cff7a2b3631b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGNhcHR1cmU&hash=960a6b64b7396dd2d6142d4f4a78031eef868104&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

landscape

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGFuZHNjYXBl&hash=d2fed0268a740c01688af8ce11331ed66ec0957f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGFuZHNjYXBl&hash=0b8569813f94533cef85a21a7c7ef2767aeedb22&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Listening - Part 4 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 19 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

Cambridge IELTS 19 - Accademico "Test 4 - Ascolto - Parte 4 (1)" Vocabolario