社会問題

affirmative action

名詞

/ɐfˈɜːmətˌɪv ˈækʃən/

(積極的差別是正措置)

アファーマティブ・アクション

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

class struggle

名詞

/klˈæs stɹˈʌɡəl/

(クラス闘争)

階級闘争

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

deportation

名詞

/di.pɔr.teɪ.ʃən/ or /di.pawr.tei.shēn/

d

d

e

i

p

p

o

ɔ

r

r

t

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(退去 (たいきょ))

強制送還 (きょうせいそうかん)

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

political asylum

名詞

/pəlˈɪɾɪkəl ɐsˈaɪləm/

(政治的庇護 (せいじてきひご))

政治亡命 (せいじぼうめい)

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asylum seeker

名詞

/ɐsˈaɪləm sˈiːkɚ/

(亡命希望者)

庇護希望者

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

illegal

名詞

/ɪ.li.gəl/ or /i.li.gēl/

i

ɪ

ll

l

e

i

g

g

a

ə

l

l

(非法者 (ひほうしゃ))

不法移民 (ふほういみん)

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

naturalization

名詞

/næ.ʧɜ.rə.lə.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /nā.chē.rē.lē.zei.shēn/

n

n

a

æ

t

ʧ

u

ɜ

r

r

a

ə

l

l

i

ə

z

z

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(国籍取得（こくせきしゅとく）)

帰化（きか）

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

bigotry

名詞

/bɪ.gət.ri/ or /bi.gēt.ri/

b

b

i

ɪ

g

g

o

ə

t

t

r

r

y

i

(差別（さべつ）)

偏見（へんけん）

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerance

名詞

/ɪn.tɑ.lɜ.rəns/ or /in.taa.lē.rēns/

i

ɪ

n

n

t

t

o

ɑ

l

l

e

ɜ

r

r

a

ə

n

n

c

s

e

(非寛容 (ひかんよう))

不寛容 (ふかんよう)

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

unrest

名詞

/ʌn.rɛst/ or /an.rest/

u

ə

n

n

r

r

e

ɛ

s

s

t

t

(騒乱（そうらん）)

反乱（はんらん）

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

uprising

名詞

/ʌp.raɪ.zɪng/ or /ap.rai.zing/

u

ə

p

p

r

r

i

aɪ

s

z

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(暴動 (ぼうどう))

反乱 (はんらん)

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

subsistence

名詞

/səb.sɪs.təns/ or /sēb.sis.tēns/

s

s

u

ə

b

b

s

s

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

e

ə

n

n

c

s

e

(生計)

生存

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

refuge

名詞

/rɛ.fjuʤ/ or /re.fyooj/

r

r

e

ɛ

f

f

u

ju

g

ʤ

e

(保護（ほご）)

避難所（ひなんじょ）

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

poverty-stricken

形容詞

/pˈɑːvɚɾistɹˈɪkən/

(貧しい)

貧困の

suffering from extreme deprivation

to impoverish

動詞

/ɪm.pɑv.rɪʃ/ or /im.paav.rish/

i

ɪ

m

m

p

p

o

ɑ

v

v

e

r

r

i

ɪ

sh

ʃ

( impoverish (インポヴァーリッシュ))

貧困化する (ひんこんかする)

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

modern slavery

名詞

/ˈmɑdɚn ˈsleɪvəri/

(近代奴隷制 (きんだいどれいせい))

現代の奴隷制 (げんだいのどれいせい)

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

trafficking

名詞

/træ.fɪ.kɪng/ or /trā.fi.king/

t

t

r

r

a

æ

ff

f

i

ɪ

ck

k

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(取引)

密売

the buying and selling of goods illegally

passive smoking

名詞

/pˈæsɪv smˈoʊkɪŋ/

(パッシブ喫煙)

受動喫煙

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

homophobia

名詞

/hoʊ.moʊ.foʊ.biə/ or /hooo.mooo.fooo.biē/

h

h

o

oʊ

m

m

o

ə

ph

f

o

oʊ

b

b

ia

iə

(同性愛嫌悪)

ホモフォビア

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

hard drug

名詞

/hˈɑːɹd dɹˈʌɡ/

(強力な麻薬)

ハードドラッグ

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

soft drug

名詞

/sˈɔft dɹˈʌɡ/

(軽犯罪薬)

ソフトドラッグ

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

displacement

名詞

/dɪs.pleɪs.mənt/ or /dis.pleis.mēnt/

d

d

i

ɪ

s

s

p

p

l

l

a

eɪ

c

s

e

m

m

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(避難 (ひなん))

強制移住 (きょうせいいじゅう)

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe