A beak is a distinctive feature found in many bird species, serving as their primary tool for feeding, communication, and other essential tasks. It is a specialized structure composed of a hard, keratinous covering that forms the upper and lower parts of the bird's mouth. The beak comes in various shapes and sizes, reflecting the specific adaptations of different bird species to their ecological niches. It may be long and slender for probing into the ground or water to capture prey, short and stout for crushing seeds or nuts, or curved and sharp for tearing flesh. The beak plays a vital role in gathering and consuming food, building nests, defending territory, and engaging in social interactions. It is a versatile and adaptable tool that allows birds to thrive in diverse environments and fulfill their ecological roles.

What is a "beak"?

beak

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Horn refers to a hard, pointed, and often curved growth that extends from the head of certain animals, such as cattle, goats, and rhinoceroses. It is composed of a tough protein called keratin and serves various purposes depending on the species. Horns can be used for defense against predators, as a symbol of dominance and territoriality, for ritualistic or decorative purposes, or even as a sound-producing instrument. Unlike antlers, which are shed and regrown annually, horns are usually permanent structures that continue to grow throughout the animal's life. They are an iconic feature of many species and play a significant role in their biology and behavior.

What is "horn"?

horn

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social group

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protective

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physical

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feature

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flock

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herd

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school

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pack

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claw

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The hoof is a tough and hard outer covering found on the lower extremities of certain animals, particularly ungulates like horses, cows, and deer. It serves as a protective structure and supports the weight of the animal, allowing for locomotion and stability on various terrains. The hoof is composed of a dense keratinized material, similar to human nails, and is divided into distinct parts, including the wall, sole, and frog. The hoof plays a vital role in the animal's movement, enabling it to graze, run, and navigate its environment effectively. Regular hoof care and maintenance are essential for the overall health and well-being of the animal.

What is a "hoof"?

hoof

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Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 6 - Lesson 3 in the Summit 1B coursebook, such as "flock", "hoof", "protective", etc.

サミット1B「ユニット6 - レッスン3」語彙