ユニット 5 - リファレンス - パート 1

A computer game is a video game that is played on a computer or similar device, using software to create the game environment and interactive elements. Players use input devices such as a keyboard, mouse, or controller to interact with the game. Computer games can be single-player or multiplayer, and they come in a variety of genres, such as action, adventure, strategy, and simulation. These games often involve completing tasks, solving puzzles, or competing against other players or the game itself. Computer games are popular for entertainment, education, and online socializing.

Karate is a Japanese martial art that focuses on striking techniques, including punches, kicks, knee strikes, and elbow strikes. It also involves blocking, defending, and kata, which are pre-arranged forms, to improve balance, strength, and coordination. Karate emphasizes discipline, respect, and mental focus, aiming to develop both physical and inner strength. Training often includes practicing techniques in the air, called kihon, sparring with a partner, called kumite, and performing kata to refine movement and technique. Karate is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal growth, and it is one of the most popular martial arts worldwide.

Sailing is a sport or activity where boats are moved by the wind using sails. The sails catch the wind, which pushes the boat forward across the water. Sailing can be done for recreation or in races, and it takes place on different bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, or oceans. To sail, the person in control of the boat must adjust the sails and steer the boat to navigate in different wind conditions. Sailing can be peaceful and relaxing or exciting and challenging, depending on the environment and type of boat used.

Skiing is a winter sport that has got people sliding down snow-covered slopes or trails on long, flat skis attached to their boots. It is an activity pursued, at a competitive or recreational level, or as a form of transport, and includes various types such as downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, and freestyle skiing. Skiers use poles to help stabilize balance and assist in turning, and the speed and difficulty greatly depend on the terrain. Skiing needs coordination, balance, and control, allowing for exciting enjoyment of a snow-covered landscape while being active.

Snowboarding is a winter sport where people ride down snowy hills on a wide board that looks like a big skateboard. Riders strap both feet to the board, and do various tricks and moves like jumps, spins, and slides on different types of snow-covered ground, from mountains to special courses. While snowboarding riders need balance and coordination, and must know how to change their speed and direction in the snow. People snowboard for fun, to compete in freestyle events, or to race, as it is an exciting way to enjoy winter scenery.

Squash is a fast-paced indoor sport played by two players or two teams of two players each on a four-walled court. Players take turns hitting a small rubber ball against the front wall using rackets. The goal is to make the ball bounce in the opponent’s side of the court in such a way that they cannot return it before it bounces twice. Points are scored when the opponent fails to return the ball correctly. The game is played in a fast rhythm, requiring agility, quick reflexes, and strategic shot placement.

Surfing is a water sport where a person rides a surfboard on the waves of the ocean. The surfer paddles out into the water, waits for a wave, and then uses the wave's energy to ride it back to shore. The goal is to stay balanced on the board while riding the wave, and surfers often perform tricks, turns, or stunts along the way. Surfing requires skill, balance, and good timing to catch the right wave. It is a popular activity enjoyed by people of all skill levels and can be done for recreation or in competitive events.

Volleyball is a team sport played between two teams, typically of six players each, on a rectangular court divided by a net. The objective is to score points by sending the ball over the net and into the opponent's side of the court, while preventing the opposing team from returning the ball. Players use their hands to hit the ball, and each team is allowed three touches before the ball must be sent over the net. The game is played in sets, and the team that wins the most sets wins the match. Volleyball is known for its fast-paced action, teamwork, and skillful play.

A belt is a flexible strap or band typically made of leather, fabric, or synthetic material that is worn around the waist to secure clothing or hold up pants. Belts come in a variety of styles and sizes, with varying buckle designs and widths. Some belts are plain and utilitarian, while others feature decorative elements such as studs, embossing, or stitching. Belts can be used to add a pop of color or contrast to an outfit or to create a more fitted or structured silhouette. Additionally, belts can serve a practical purpose, such as holding tools or accessories on a work belt or providing support for a weightlifting belt during exercise.

A boot is a type of footwear that typically covers the foot and the ankle, as well as some or all of the lower leg. They can be made from a variety of materials, including leather, suede, rubber, or synthetic fabrics, and may be designed for a variety of purposes, such as fashion, work, or outdoor activities. Boots can feature a range of styles, including lace-up, zip-up, pull-on, or buckle closures, and may have a variety of heel heights or sole designs. They are often worn in colder weather or in wet or muddy conditions, as they provide greater protection and support than other types of shoes. Boots can be paired with a range of clothing styles, from casual to formal, and have remained a popular choice for footwear for many years.

Goggles are a type of eyewear designed to protect the eyes from potential harm, particularly in hazardous or extreme environments. They are typically made of a durable and lightweight material such as plastic or polycarbonate and come in a variety of styles and sizes to suit different needs. Goggles can be worn for protection against impact, heat, radiation, dust, or chemicals, among other hazards. They are commonly used in sports, such as skiing, snowboarding, and swimming, as well as in industrial and laboratory settings. Some goggles may also feature additional features such as UV protection, anti-fog coatings, and prescription lenses.

A helmet is a protective headgear designed to protect the wearer's head from injuries caused by impacts, collisions, or falling debris. It is typically made from hard, durable materials such as metal, plastic, or Kevlar, and features a cushioned lining that provides shock absorption and comfort. Helmets are widely used by military personnel, law enforcement officers, construction workers, athletes, and individuals engaging in extreme sports such as cycling, skiing, and rock climbing. Some helmets also come equipped with additional features such as ventilation, visors, and communication systems. Properly fitting and correctly worn helmets can significantly reduce the risk of head injuries in accidents.

A net in sports like tennis, badminton, and volleyball is a piece of equipment that divides the playing area into two sides. It is typically made of strong, woven material, such as nylon, and is stretched across the center of the court or playing field. The net is set at a specific height, depending on the sport, and players aim to hit the ball or shuttlecock over the net to score points.

A pole is a long, flexible piece of equipment used in pole vaulting, a track and field event where athletes jump over a high bar. The pole is typically made of fiberglass or carbon fiber, providing the right balance of strength and flexibility. During the event, the athlete runs toward the bar, plants the pole in a special box, and uses its energy to lift themselves into the air, aiming to clear the bar without knocking it down. The pole allows the athlete to generate the height needed to clear the bar, and its length and flexibility are key to a successful vault.

A saddle is a seat designed to fit on the back of a horse or other animal to support the rider. It is typically made from durable materials like leather or synthetic fabrics and is shaped to fit the animal's back comfortably. The saddle provides support and stability for the rider, helping them stay balanced and secure while riding. It often includes features like stirrups, where the rider places their feet, and a pommel at the front to assist with balance. Saddles are used in various types of riding, from casual riding to more specialized activities like racing or working with livestock.

A trainer, used primarily in British English, is a type of athletic shoe designed for sports and physical activities, similar to what is known as a "sneaker" or "athletic shoe" in American English. Trainers are typically made from lightweight and breathable materials, such as mesh and synthetic leather, and may feature additional design elements such as rubber soles, shock-absorbing cushioning, and extra support in high-impact areas. They are designed to provide comfort, stability, and traction for various sports and physical activities, such as running, jogging, or training at the gym. Trainers come in a range of styles and colors and can be worn not only for sports but also for everyday casual wear. Choosing the right pair of trainers that fit well and suit the intended activity is important for both comfort and injury prevention.