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adjective
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adverb
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pronoun
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article
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preposition
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conjugation
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tense
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idiom
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part of speech
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proverb
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punctuation
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voice
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synonym
word
(単語)

(単語)

言葉

flag
/ˈwɝd/
名詞

(grammar) a unit of language that has a specific meaning

sentence
(センテンス)

(センテンス)

flag
/ˈsɛntəns/
名詞

a group of words that forms a statement, question, exclamation, or instruction, usually containing a verb

What is a "sentence"?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought, idea, or statement. It typically contains a subject, which indicates who or what the sentence is about, and a verb, which shows the action or state of being. For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," "The dog" is the subject, and "barks" is the verb. Sentences can be simple, containing just one independent clause, or complex, consisting of multiple clauses combined together. They can also vary in length and structure, and they often convey information, ask questions, give commands, or express emotions. Proper punctuation is essential in sentences to clarify meaning and enhance readability.

grammar
文法

文法

flag
/ˈɡɹæmɝ/
名詞

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

What is "grammar"?

Grammar refers to the set of rules that govern the structure of a language. It includes the organization of words, phrases, and sentences to convey meaning clearly. Key elements of grammar encompass parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, as well as sentence structure, punctuation, and verb tense. Proper grammar is essential for effective communication, as it helps speakers and writers express their ideas accurately and understandably. Mastering grammar allows individuals to construct coherent sentences and engage in meaningful conversations, making it a fundamental aspect of language learning and usage.

phrase
(句)

(句)

フレーズ

flag
/ˈfɹeɪz/
名詞

a group of words put together in a meaningful way

What is a "phrase"?

A phrase is a group of words that work together to convey a specific meaning but does not form a complete sentence. Phrases can consist of a noun and its modifiers, a verb and its complements, or other combinations of words. For example, "a beautiful sunset" is a noun phrase that describes a sunset, while "running quickly" is a verb phrase that indicates the action of running at a fast pace. Phrases can serve various roles in sentences, such as subjects, objects, or complements, and they help to add detail and depth to language. Unlike sentences, phrases do not contain a subject-verb pair and cannot stand alone as complete thoughts.

verb
動詞

動詞

flag
/ˈvɝb/
名詞

(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience

What is a "verb"?

A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Verbs are essential parts of sentences because they express what the subject does or experiences. For example, in the sentence "She runs," "runs" is the verb that shows the action of running. Verbs can take different forms to indicate tense, such as "run" for present tense and "ran" for past tense. They can also show different aspects, like whether an action is ongoing or completed. Additionally, in English, verbs can change to reflect number, meaning they can indicate whether the subject is singular or plural, as seen in "he runs" for singular and "they run" for plural. In other languages, verbs may change in form to represent different features, such as gender or mood, which can vary widely across languages.

noun
(名)

(名)

名詞

flag
/ˈnaʊn/
名詞

a word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.

What is a "noun"?

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are fundamental to sentences because they often serve as the subject or object. For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," "dog" is the noun that identifies the animal performing the action. Nouns can be classified into different categories, such as common nouns, which refer to general items like "car" or "city," and proper nouns, which name specific entities like "New York" or "Alice." In English, nouns can also indicate number, showing whether there is one item, like "car," or more than one, like "cars." In other languages, nouns may change form to show gender, case, or other grammatical features, which can vary widely across languages.

adjective
形容詞

形容詞

flag
/ˈædʒɪktɪv/
名詞

a type of word that describes a noun

What is an "adjective"?

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun, providing more information about it. Adjectives help to specify qualities, characteristics, or features of the noun they accompany. For example, in the phrase "a tall building," "tall" is the adjective that describes the height of the building. Adjectives can indicate various attributes, such as size, color, shape, or feelings, like "blue," "round," or "happy." In English, adjectives usually come before the noun, but they can also appear after verbs like "is" or "seem," as in "The sky is blue." In other languages, adjectives may change form to agree with the noun in gender, number, or case, which can vary widely compared to English.

adverb
副詞

副詞

flag
/ˈædvɝb/
名詞

a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb

What is an "adverb"?

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, providing additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent something occurs. For example, in the sentence "She runs quickly," "quickly" is the adverb that describes how she runs. In English, adverbs can appear in various positions within a sentence, and their placement can affect the meaning. In other languages, adverbs may have different forms or rules for usage, which can vary from those in English.

pronoun
代名詞

代名詞

flag
/ˈpɹoʊnaʊn/
名詞

(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.

What is a "pronoun"?

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication clearer. Pronouns can refer to people, things, or ideas and help to make sentences smoother. Common examples include "he," "she," "it," "they," and "we." For instance, in the sentence "Maria likes ice cream. She eats it every day," "she" is a pronoun that replaces the noun "Maria," and "it" replaces "ice cream." In English, pronouns can show number, indicating whether they refer to singular or plural subjects, as in "he" for singular and "they" for plural. Other languages may have different rules for pronouns, including forms that indicate gender or case, which can add complexity to their use.

article
(不定冠詞)

(不定冠詞)

定冠詞

flag
/ˈɑɹtəkəɫ/, /ˈɑɹtɪkəɫ/
名詞

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

What is an "article"?

An article is a type of determiner that provides information about the specificity and quantity of a noun. In English, there are two types of articles: definite and indefinite. The definite article "the" refers to a specific noun that is already known or identifiable, such as in "the cat on the porch." The indefinite articles "a" and "an" refer to non-specific nouns, indicating that the noun could be any one of a class, as in "a cat" or "an apple." Articles play an important role in communication by helping to clarify whether a noun is particular or general, contributing to the overall understanding of sentences.

preposition
前置詞

前置詞

flag
/pɹˌɛpəzˈɪʃən/
名詞

(grammar) a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two objects

What is a "preposition"?

A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence, often indicating direction, location, time, or manner. Common prepositions include "in," "on," "at," "between," and "under." For example, in the sentence "The book is on the table," the preposition "on" shows the relationship between the book and the table, indicating where the book is located. Prepositions are essential for providing context and clarity in communication, helping to describe how different elements in a sentence relate to each other.

conjugation
(活用形)

(活用形)

動詞の活用

flag
/ˌkɑndʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
名詞

a list or an arrangement of inflected forms of a verb

tense
(緊張)

(緊張)

時制

flag
/ˈtɛns/
名詞

(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb

What is "tense"?

Tense is a grammatical feature that shows the time of an action or event in a sentence. It indicates whether something happens in the past, present, or future. For example, the word "walked" shows past action, while "walk" shows present action, and "will walk" indicates future action. Tense helps listeners or readers understand when an action takes place, allowing for clearer communication about time.

idiom
(熟語)

(熟語)

イディオム

flag
/ˈɪdiəm/
名詞

a group of words or a phrase that has a meaning different from the literal interpretation of its individual words, often specific to a particular language or culture

synonymidiomatic expression
synonymphrasal idiom
synonymphrase
synonymset phrase
What is an "idiom"?

An idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be understood by looking at the individual words alone. Idioms often convey a figurative meaning that is culturally specific and may not translate directly into other languages. For example, the idiom "kick the bucket" means "to die", and its literal interpretation does not reflect this meaning. Idioms enrich language by adding color and expressiveness, allowing speakers to convey complex ideas or emotions in a clear way. Understanding idioms is important for effective communication, as they are commonly used in both spoken and written language.

part of speech
N/A

N/A

flag
/pˈɑːɹt ʌv spˈiːtʃ/
名詞

(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence

synonymform class
synonymword class
What is "part of speech"?

Part of speech is a grammatical category that describes the role a word plays in a sentence. The main parts of speech include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech serves a specific function, such as naming people or things, replacing nouns, expressing actions or states of being, describing nouns, modifying verbs or adjectives, showing relationships between words, connecting phrases or clauses, and expressing emotions. Understanding the different parts of speech is essential for constructing clear and grammatically correct sentences, as it helps identify how words interact within a sentence.

proverb
ことわざ

ことわざ

flag
/ˈpɹɑvɝb/
名詞

a well-known statement or phrase that expresses a general truth or gives advice

synonymadage
synonymbyword
synonymsaw
What is a "proverb"?

A proverb is a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth, principle, or piece of advice based on common sense or experience. Proverbs often reflect cultural values and wisdom, using simple language to convey deeper meanings. For example, the proverb "A stitch in time saves nine" suggests that taking care of a problem early can prevent it from becoming much worse later. Proverbs are commonly used in everyday conversation to illustrate points, offer guidance, or provide insight into human behavior and relationships.

punctuation
句読点

句読点

flag
/ˌpəŋktʃuˈeɪʃən/
名詞

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

voice
(能動態/受動態)

(能動態/受動態)

態 (文法)

flag
/ˈvɔɪs/
名詞

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

What is "voice"?

Voice is a grammatical feature that indicates the relationship between the action of the verb and the participants in a sentence. In English, there are two primary voices: active and passive. In the active voice, the subject performs the action of the verb, as in the sentence "The cat chased the mouse," where "the cat" is the doer of the action. In the passive voice, the subject receives the action, as in "The mouse was chased by the cat," where "the mouse" is acted upon. Voice is essential for emphasizing different aspects of a sentence, allowing speakers to highlight either the doer of the action or the receiver, thus shaping the focus and clarity of the information presented.

vocabulary
語彙

語彙

flag
/voʊˈkæbjəˌɫɛɹi/
名詞

all the words used in a particular language or subject

translation
翻訳

翻訳

flag
/tɹænˈsɫeɪʃən/, /tɹænzˈɫeɪʃən/
名詞

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

synonyminterlingual rendition
synonymrendering
synonymversion
What is "translation"?

Translation is the process of converting written text from one language into another while preserving its meaning and context. It involves understanding the source language, which is the original language of the text, and accurately conveying its message in the target language, which is the language into which the text is being translated. Good translation requires not only language skills but also cultural knowledge to ensure that idioms, expressions, and nuances are appropriately adapted. Translation is essential in various fields, including literature, business, law, and diplomacy, as it facilitates communication between people who speak different languages.

translation
dictionary
辞書

辞書

flag
/ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/
名詞

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

synonymlexicon
What is a "dictionary"?

A dictionary is a reference book that provides definitions, pronunciations, and other information about words. It typically includes entries organized alphabetically, with each entry offering details such as the word’s meaning, usage, and grammatical information. Dictionaries may also provide information on word origins, synonyms, and antonyms. They are used to understand and clarify the meanings and correct usage of words in both written and spoken language.

dictionary
spelling
(スペリング)

(スペリング)

綴り

flag
/ˈspɛɫɪŋ/
名詞

the act or the ability of putting letters in the correct order to form a word

antonym
対義語

対義語

flag
/ˈæntənˌɪm/
名詞

a word or phrase that has an opposite or contrasting meaning to another word or phrase

synonymopposite
synonymopposite word
antonymsynonym
synonym
同義語

同義語

flag
/ˈsɪnəˌnɪm/
名詞

a word or phrase that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language

synonymequivalent word
antonymantonym
pattern

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