Aikido is a Japanese martial art that focuses on using an opponent's energy and movements against them rather than relying on strength. The goal is to defend oneself by blending with the opponent's actions and redirecting their force, often through joint locks or throws. Aikido emphasizes balance, fluidity, and precision in its techniques, aiming to neutralize an attack while avoiding harm. Practitioners train to stay calm and controlled, using minimal force to achieve effective results. The martial art is often seen as a way to cultivate inner peace, respect, and self-discipline.

What is "aikido"?

aikido

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The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is a major organization that hosts mixed martial arts (MMA) events, where fighters use various techniques from different martial arts, such as boxing, wrestling, Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and kickboxing. The UFC was founded in 1993 and has grown into one of the most popular combat sports leagues worldwide. In UFC fights, competitors engage in one-on-one matches, aiming to win through knockout, submission, or decision by judges. The organization has gained a large fan base due to its high-intensity fights and the skill diversity of its fighters.

What is the "Ultimate Fighting Championship"?

the Ultimate Fighting Championship

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Martial arts are various systems of training and techniques used for self-defense, combat, and physical fitness. They often involve a combination of physical movements, mental focus, and discipline. Some martial arts focus on striking techniques, such as punches and kicks, while others emphasize grappling, joint locks, or submissions. Examples include karate, judo, taekwondo, and kung fu. Martial arts can be practiced as a sport, for personal development, or for self-defense. They are known for promoting strength, balance, coordination, and respect for others.

What are "martial arts"?

martial arts

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Kung fu is a Chinese martial art that combines physical movements, self-discipline, and mental focus. It involves various techniques, including strikes, kicks, joint locks, and throws, often performed in fluid, graceful patterns. Kung fu emphasizes balance, speed, and flexibility, and practitioners aim to develop both strength and inner peace. There are many different styles of kung fu, each with its own methods and philosophies, such as Wing Chun, Shaolin, and Tai Chi. Kung fu is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal growth, and it is also known for its connection to Chinese culture and tradition.

What is "kung fu"?

kung fu

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Taekwondo is a Korean martial art known for its focus on high, powerful kicks and fast footwork. It combines elements of self-defense, sport, and physical fitness, with an emphasis on discipline, respect, and mental strength. Practitioners learn various kicking techniques, punches, and blocks, as well as forms or patterns that help improve balance and coordination. Taekwondo is practiced both for self-defense and as a competitive sport, with athletes participating in sparring matches or demonstrating their skills in tournaments. The martial art promotes flexibility, strength, and focus, with a strong emphasis on respect for others and personal growth.

What is "taekwondo"?

taekwondo

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Judo is a Japanese martial art that focuses on throws, joint locks, and pins to defeat an opponent. It was developed to use an opponent’s force and balance against them, emphasizing technique over strength. In judo, competitors engage in one-on-one matches where the goal is to throw the opponent onto the mat, pin them for a certain amount of time, or apply a joint lock or choke. Judo also stresses the importance of respect, discipline, and self-control. The martial art is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and as an Olympic sport.

What is "judo"?

judo

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Jiujitsu is a traditional Japanese martial art that focuses on using an opponent's energy and movements to neutralize them, often by using joint locks, throws, and grappling techniques. It was originally developed for samurai to defend themselves in close combat when they were unarmed or had lost their weapons. Jiujutsu emphasizes using the opponent's strength and balance against them, allowing a smaller or weaker person to defend themselves effectively. The martial art is known for its emphasis on leverage, timing, and technique, rather than sheer strength. It has influenced many other martial arts, including Brazilian jiu-jitsu.

What is "jiujitsu"?

jiujitsu

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Karate is a Japanese martial art that focuses on striking techniques, including punches, kicks, knee strikes, and elbow strikes. It also involves blocking, defending, and kata, which are pre-arranged forms, to improve balance, strength, and coordination. Karate emphasizes discipline, respect, and mental focus, aiming to develop both physical and inner strength. Training often includes practicing techniques in the air, called kihon, sparring with a partner, called kumite, and performing kata to refine movement and technique. Karate is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal growth, and it is one of the most popular martial arts worldwide.

What is "karate"?

karate

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Kendo is a Japanese martial art that focuses on swordsmanship using bamboo swords called "shinai." It originated from traditional samurai sword techniques and emphasizes discipline, respect, and the development of both physical and mental strength. Practitioners wear protective armor and engage in controlled sparring, aiming to strike specific areas of the opponent’s body with precise and powerful blows. Kendo training also includes forms to practice techniques without an opponent. The martial art encourages focus, humility, and respect for others while promoting physical fitness, agility, and coordination.

What is "kendo"?

kendo

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Capoeira is a Brazilian martial art that combines elements of dance, acrobatics, and music. It is characterized by fluid, rhythmic movements and often involves high kicks, spins, and sweeping motions performed in a circle called a "roda." Practitioners, known as capoeiristas, engage in playful and improvised sparring, using their movements to outmaneuver their opponents. Capoeira is accompanied by traditional music played on instruments like the berimbau, a single-stringed instrument, and calls for teamwork, agility, and creativity.

What is "capoeira"?

capoeira

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Sanda, formerly known as Sanshou, is a Chinese martial art that combines striking, wrestling, and quick, powerful throws. It is a modern combat sport that focuses on both stand-up fighting and close-range techniques, using punches, kicks, knee strikes, and elbow strikes, along with various grappling and takedown techniques. Sanda practitioners aim to defeat their opponents by scoring points for controlled attacks or by knocking them out or throwing them to the ground. The martial art emphasizes speed, agility, and versatility, and it is often used in military and law enforcement training as well as in professional combat sports.

What is "Sanda"?

Sanda

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Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art that focuses on ground fighting and submission techniques, such as joint locks and chokeholds. It was developed from traditional Japanese jujutsu and judo but emphasizes using leverage and technique over strength. BJJ practitioners aim to control or submit their opponent, often by taking them to the ground and using various positions to gain an advantage. The sport encourages sparring, known as rolling, to practice techniques and improve skill. BJJ is popular for self-defense, competitive grappling, and MMA, promoting both physical fitness and mental strategy.

What is "Brazilian jiu-jitsu"?

Brazilian jiu-jitsu

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Muay Boran is an ancient form of Thai martial arts that focuses on hand-to-hand combat and weapon techniques. It is considered the predecessor of modern Muay Thai and includes a variety of strikes using fists, elbows, knees, and shins, as well as joint locks, throws, and grappling. Muay Boran was developed for self-defense and battlefield combat, with movements designed to be practical and efficient in real-life situations. Although it is no longer widely practiced in its original form, Muay Boran still influences modern Muay Thai and is studied for its historical value and martial arts techniques.

What is "Muay Boran"?

Muay Boran

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Hapkido is a Korean martial art that focuses on using joint locks, throws, kicks, punches, and other striking techniques to defend against an opponent. The word "hapkido" means "the way of harmony and energy," and the art emphasizes blending with and redirecting an opponent's force rather than meeting it head-on. Hapkido practitioners learn how to control and overpower their opponent using their own energy, and training often includes self-defense techniques, as well as learning to fall safely. It promotes flexibility, balance, and mental focus, and it is practiced both for self-defense and physical fitness.

What is "hapkido"?

hapkido

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Sambo is a Russian martial art and combat sport that combines elements of judo and wrestling. It focuses on throws, joint locks, and submissions, with an emphasis on practical techniques for self-defense and competition. There are two main styles of sambo: sport sambo, which is focused on competitive wrestling, and combat sambo, which includes more striking and self-defense techniques. Sambo practitioners aim to control and immobilize their opponent using a combination of speed, leverage, and technique. The martial art is known for its effectiveness in mixed martial arts (MMA) and has a strong focus on both physical strength and mental toughness.

What is "sambo"?

sambo

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Boxing is a combat sport in which two opponents fight using only their fists, aiming to land punches while avoiding or blocking their opponent's strikes. The sport is typically practiced in a ring, and competitors wear gloves for protection. Boxing matches are divided into rounds, with each round lasting a few minutes. The goal is to score points by landing clean, effective punches or to knock the opponent out. Boxing emphasizes speed, agility, strength, and endurance, with training focused on improving punching technique, footwork, and defensive skills. It is practiced both as a sport and for self-defense.

What is "boxing"?

boxing

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Para taekwondo is a form of taekwondo specifically designed for athletes with physical disabilities. It follows the same basic principles and techniques as traditional taekwondo, including strikes, kicks, and forms, but is adapted to accommodate the needs of the participants. In para taekwondo, athletes compete in various classifications based on their level of disability, ensuring fair competition. The sport promotes physical fitness, discipline, and mental strength while providing an inclusive platform for athletes with disabilities to showcase their skills and participate in global events like the Paralympic Games.

What is "para taekwondo"?

para taekwondo

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Para judo is a modified version of traditional judo designed for athletes with visual impairments. In para judo, the rules are adapted to accommodate the unique needs of the participants, while maintaining the core principles of judo, such as throws, joint locks, and pins. Athletes compete in a one-on-one match, with the goal of throwing or pinning the opponent to the mat. The sport emphasizes skill, strength, and strategy, and it provides an inclusive opportunity for athletes with visual impairments to compete at local, national, and international levels, including the Paralympic Games.

What is "para judo"?

para judo

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Fencing is a competitive sport where two opponents fight using swords, aiming to score points by making contact with the opponent’s body. The sport has three main types of swords: the foil, épée, and sabre, each with its own set of rules and target areas. Fencers wear protective gear, including masks, jackets, and gloves, to prevent injury. Matches are typically played in a series of touches, where a point is awarded when a valid strike is made. Fencing emphasizes speed, agility, precision, and strategy, and it is practiced both as a sport and for self-defense.

What is "fencing"?

fencing

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Wheelchair fencing is a modified version of fencing for athletes with physical disabilities, particularly those who use wheelchairs. The rules and techniques are similar to traditional fencing, with the main difference being that athletes compete while seated in a wheelchair. The wheelchair is fixed in place during matches to ensure fair competition, and the fencers use the same swords as in regular fencing, such as foil, épée, or sabre. Wheelchair fencing emphasizes speed, precision, and strategic movement, providing an inclusive platform for athletes with disabilities to showcase their skills in local, national, and international competitions, including the Paralympic Games.

What is "wheelchair fencing"?

wheelchair fencing

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Swordplay refers to the practice or skill of fighting with swords, often as a form of combat or sport. It involves various techniques, such as strikes, parries, and thrusts, aimed at either defending oneself or defeating an opponent. Swordplay can be practiced in different styles, depending on the type of sword being used, such as longswords, sabres, or fencing swords. Historically, swordplay was an important part of military training, but it is now practiced more commonly in historical reenactments, martial arts, and competitive sports like fencing. It emphasizes coordination, timing, and strategy.

What is "swordplay"?

swordplay

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A parry in fencing is a defensive move where a fencer uses their sword to block or deflect an opponent’s attack. The goal of a parry is to prevent the opponent from landing a successful strike while maintaining control of the sword and preparing for a counterattack. Parrying can be done with various parts of the sword, depending on the type of attack, and it requires quick reactions, good timing, and proper technique. Once a parry is made, the fencer often follows up with an offensive move to score a point.

What is a "parry"?

parry

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Cage fighting is a combat sport where fighters use a variety of techniques from different martial arts disciplines, such as boxing, wrestling, jiu-jitsu, and kickboxing, to defeat their opponent. Matches take place inside a steel cage, which provides a controlled environment for the fighters. The goal is to either knock out the opponent, submit them with joint locks or chokeholds, or score more points through effective strikes and grappling. Cage fighting emphasizes both striking and grappling skills, with a focus on fitness, strength, and strategy. It is practiced at professional levels, with organized competitions around the world.

What is "cage fighting"?

cage fighting

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Wrestling is a combat sport where two opponents compete to control or pin each other to the ground using various techniques such as holds, throws, and takedowns. The goal is typically to either pin the opponent’s shoulders to the mat or score points through successful moves that demonstrate control, balance, and technique. There are different styles of wrestling, including freestyle and Greco-Roman, each with its own set of rules and scoring systems. Wrestling emphasizes strength, endurance, flexibility, and mental strategy, and it is practiced both as a competitive sport and for self-defense.

What is "wrestling"?

wrestling

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Freestyle wrestling is a style of wrestling where opponents can use their entire body to perform techniques like throws, takedowns, and holds, aiming to pin the opponent’s shoulders to the mat or score points for controlled moves. In freestyle wrestling, competitors can attack the upper and lower body, and there are no restrictions on using the legs for both offense and defense. Points are awarded for moves such as takedowns, escapes, and reversals. The match ends when a wrestler pins their opponent, or if time runs out with one wrestler having scored more points. Freestyle wrestling is practiced at both amateur and professional levels, including in the Olympics.

What is "freestyle wrestling"?

freestyle wrestling

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Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of wrestling that focuses on using the upper body to control and throw the opponent. In this style, competitors are not allowed to use their legs for attacks, meaning they cannot trip, sweep, or attack the lower body. The goal is to score points by performing throws, holds, and takedowns, or by pinning the opponent's shoulders to the mat. Greco-Roman wrestling emphasizes strength, technique, and balance, with wrestlers using their upper body, particularly the arms and torso, to gain control. It is practiced at both amateur and professional levels, including in the Olympics.

What is "Graeco-Roman wrestling"?

Graeco-Roman wrestling

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A takedown is a wrestling move where a competitor brings their opponent to the ground, usually by using a combination of strength, technique, and timing. The goal of a takedown is to establish control over the opponent and score points in sports like wrestling or mixed martial arts (MMA). Takedowns can be performed in various ways, such as by grabbing the opponent’s legs, lifting them, or using throws. Successful takedowns require good balance, quick reflexes, and the ability to execute the move effectively while minimizing the risk of counterattacks.

What is a "takedown"?

takedown

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A reversal in wrestling occurs when a wrestler who is in a disadvantaged position, such as being controlled on the mat, manages to switch roles and gain control over their opponent. This move allows the wrestler to go from being on defense to offense, often scoring points in the process. Reversals require quick thinking, agility, and proper technique to escape the opponent’s hold and turn the situation around. They are a key part of wrestling strategy, demonstrating both defensive skill and the ability to take control during a match.

What is a "reversal"?

reversal

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In wrestling, a switch is a technique used to escape from an opponent's control and gain a dominant position. It involves a quick movement, often starting from a defensive position on the mat, where the wrestler shifts their body and uses their legs and hips to turn the tables on their opponent. The switch requires speed, balance, and proper timing to successfully break free and reverse the situation. This move is commonly taught in wrestling as a way to score points while transitioning from defense to offense.

What is a "switch"?

switch

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An escape in wrestling is a technique used to break free from an opponent's hold or control, typically when the wrestler is on the bottom position, such as when pinned or trapped on the mat. The goal of an escape is to return to a neutral position, allowing the wrestler to avoid being pinned and gain the opportunity to score points or initiate their own offensive moves. Escapes require quick movement, proper positioning, and sometimes a combination of strength and technique to create an opening for freedom from the opponent's control.

What is an "escape"?

escape

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A pin in wrestling occurs when a wrestler holds both of their opponent's shoulders firmly on the mat for a specific amount of time, which immediately ends the match. Achieving a pin demonstrates complete control over the opponent and results in a victory, regardless of the score at the time. Pins require skillful technique, strength, and positioning to overpower the opponent and prevent them from escaping. Wrestlers often aim for a pin as it is the most decisive way to win a match.

What is a "pin"?

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A near fall in wrestling is when a wrestler comes very close to pinning their opponent, earning points based on the duration and control of the hold. This happens when one of the opponent’s shoulders is on the mat, and the other is at an angle close to the mat, or when both shoulders are nearly pinned but not fully secured. Near falls are important for scoring in wrestling, as they show dominance and skill in controlling the match. Points awarded depend on how long the wrestler maintains the near pin position.

What is a "near fall"?

near fall

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In combat sports like boxing and fencing, a guard is the defensive position an athlete uses to protect themselves while staying ready to attack. This stance involves careful placement of the body, hands, or weapon to block or avoid strikes from an opponent. A strong guard not only provides protection but also allows the athlete to stay balanced and prepared to counterattack quickly. It is a fundamental skill that combines defense with the ability to stay active and respond effectively during a match.

What is a "guard"?

guard

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A dropkick is a move in wrestling and other combat sports where a person jumps into the air and kicks their opponent with both feet, aiming to knock them down or push them away. The wrestler usually falls to the mat after the kick, landing on their back or side. This move requires good timing, accuracy, and athletic ability to hit the target effectively while minimizing the risk of injury to themselves. It is often used as a high-impact offensive technique to surprise or weaken the opponent.

What is a "dropkick"?

dropkick

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A heel turn in professional wrestling refers to the moment when a wrestler changes from being a good character, known for fair play and support from the audience, to a bad one, who cheats or acts in an aggressive, villainous manner. This shift is often marked by dramatic actions, such as betraying a teammate or using underhanded tactics. A heel turn creates tension and excitement in storylines, encouraging the audience to cheer against the wrestler. It is an important aspect of building rivalries and keeping wrestling entertainment engaging.

What is a "heel turn"?

heel turn

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A sidekick is a type of kick commonly used in martial arts, where the athlete extends one leg to strike an opponent from the side. The kick is executed by turning the body sideways and using the heel or edge of the foot to make contact with the target. Sidekicks are often used to target an opponent's midsection, head, or legs and are known for their power, speed, and ability to maintain distance. The move requires balance, precision, and flexibility to be effective in both defense and offense.

What is a "sidekick"?

sidekick

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A push kick is a type of kick used in martial arts, where the athlete extends one leg forward to push an opponent away, typically targeting the chest, stomach, or lower body. The kick is executed by using the ball of the foot or the sole to make contact, creating a forceful push. Push kicks are often used to create distance, disrupt an opponent's attack, or maintain control of the space between fighters. They require good timing, balance, and strength to be effective.

What is a "push kick"?

push kick

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Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full-contact sport that combines elements from various combat styles, including boxing, wrestling, jiu-jitsu, kickboxing, and more. Fighters use a mix of striking, grappling, and submission techniques to defeat their opponent. MMA matches are typically held in a cage or ring, with the goal of either knocking out the opponent, submitting them with joint locks or chokeholds, or scoring more points through effective moves and control. It emphasizes versatility, conditioning, and strategy, with athletes trained in multiple disciplines to adapt to any situation in the fight.

What is "mixed martial arts"?

mixed martial arts

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A heel hook is a grappling submission move used in martial arts like Brazilian jiu-jitsu and mixed martial arts. The technique targets the opponent's leg, specifically the knee, by using the heel of the attacker’s own leg to twist the opponent’s leg in a way that puts pressure on the knee joint. To execute a heel hook, the attacker secures the opponent’s leg under their arm, grips the foot, and rotates the body, creating a painful twist that forces the opponent to tap out, signaling submission. This move requires skill, control, and precise positioning to perform safely.

What is a "heel hook"?

heel hook

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In combat sports, the centerline refers to an imaginary line running down the middle of an athlete’s body, from the head to the pelvis. This line represents the most vulnerable area of the body, as it is where many attacks, like punches or strikes, are directed. Protecting the centerline is crucial, as it helps defend against attacks to vital areas such as the chest, ribs, and face. In martial arts, maintaining control of the centerline is important for both defense and positioning to launch effective counters and strikes.

What is the "centerline"?

centerline

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Flyweight is a weight class used in various combat sports, such as boxing and mixed martial arts, for athletes who weigh a certain amount or less. In boxing, the flyweight division typically includes competitors who weigh up to 51 kilograms or 112 pounds, while in MMA, it may vary slightly depending on the organization. Flyweight fighters are known for their speed, agility, and quick movements, often relying on technique and precision rather than raw power. The division allows lighter athletes to compete against others of similar size and weight, promoting fairness in the sport.

What is "flyweight"?

flyweight

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Combat Sports

English Words for "Combat Sports"

「格闘技」の英語表現