A hose is a leg covering worn by both men and women in the Middle Ages. Hoses were two pieces, one for each leg, tied at the waist with a belt or attached to a doublet. Over time, the hose evolved and became more form-fitting, and by the Renaissance period, they had developed into tight-fitting stockings. Hoses were typically made from wool, silk, or linen and were often decorated with intricate patterns or embroidery. They were an essential part of men's dress in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century and were often worn with short breeches and a tunic or doublet. For women, hoses were often worn under long skirts or gowns to provide warmth and coverage for the legs.

What is a "hose"?

hose

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A toga is a traditional garment that was worn by male citizens of Ancient Rome. It was a loose-fitting piece of clothing made from a single piece of fabric that was draped over the wearer's body and fastened at the shoulder with a fibula or pin. Togas were usually made from wool and were quite heavy, making them impractical for everyday wear. Instead, they were reserved for formal occasions and were often worn by senators, magistrates, and other high-ranking officials. The color and style of the toga varied depending on the wearer's social status and the occasion for which it was being worn.

What is a "toga"?

toga

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Armor is a type of protective clothing made of metal or other durable materials worn by soldiers in the past to protect themselves from harm or injury during battles. Armor was typically made up of various pieces, such as a helmet, breastplate, gauntlets, greaves, and sometimes even a shield, covering different body parts. Different types of armor were developed over time, such as chainmail, plate armor, and scale armor. They were often designed to provide maximum protection while still allowing the wearer to move around and fight effectively.

What is "armor"?

armor

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A tabard is a type of sleeveless tunic worn over armor by knights during the Middle Ages. It typically has an open front and back and may be worn by both men and women. Tabards were initially worn by knights and other members of the medieval nobility as a part of their armor, but they eventually evolved into more decorative and ceremonial garments. In modern times, tabards are often used in costumes, uniforms, or religious vestments, and may feature ornate embroidery, applique, or other embellishments.

What is a "tabard"?

tabard

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A cockade is a decorative knot made of ribbon or fabric that is usually worn on a hat or headdress. Its origin dates back to the 18th century when it was worn by servants as a badge of identification. Later, it became popular among the military and was worn as a symbol of allegiance to a particular country or political faction. In some countries, it was also used as a symbol of rank or status. Cockades were often made in various colors and designs, with each color and pattern representing a specific group or cause. Today, they are still occasionally worn as decorative accessories or used as a symbol of heritage or identity.

What is a "cockade"?

cockade

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A loincloth is a simple garment worn by men and women in various cultures throughout history. It is a rectangular or triangular piece of fabric that is wrapped around the waist and covers the genitals. Loincloths can be made of various materials such as cotton, silk, or leather, and were often decorated with embroidery, beads, or other ornaments. They were commonly worn in warm climates where clothing needed light and breathable and sometimes used as undergarments in colder climates. In many cultures, loincloths were associated with ritual or religious activities and were worn by priests or warriors during ceremonies or battles.

What is a "loincloth"?

loincloth

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A codpiece is a flap or pouch that covers the genital area of men's clothing, typically worn by men during the 15th and 16th centuries. The codpiece started as a simple cloth or leather flap that covered the opening in the front of men's trousers or hose, but evolved into a decorative and sometimes exaggerated piece of clothing. It was often worn by knights and other men of high status as a symbol of masculinity and virility. The codpiece eventually fell out of fashion as men's clothing became less form-fitting and more practical.

What is a "codpiece"?

codpiece

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A tippet is a long, narrow piece of clothing that is worn around the neck and shoulders as an accessory. It can be made of various materials, such as fur, wool, or silk, and is often embellished with trimmings or embroidery. Historically, tippets were worn by both men and women as a practical item of clothing to keep them warm and as a symbol of their social status. In religious contexts, tippets were often worn as a part of a religious garment such as the cassock and were used to differentiate between ranks and roles. Nowadays, tippets are still worn by clergy members in some churches, as well as by graduates during academic ceremonies.

What is a "tippet"?

tippet

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A bustle is a type of framework or padding used to enhance the shape of the back of a woman's dress or skirt, typically worn in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The bustle was designed to give a fashionable fullness to the back of a skirt, creating a distinctive "pouf" effect. It was often made of horsehair or steel and could be adjusted to create different levels of fullness. Bustles were popular during the Victorian era and were worn by women of all social classes. They fell out of fashion in the early 20th century as skirts became more streamlined, but have continued to be worn in some forms for special occasions and historical reenactments.

What is a "bustle"?

bustle

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A ruff is a fashion accessory that was popular in Western Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. It is a pleated or gathered collar made of lace, linen, or muslin, and it encircles the neck and shoulders, standing up behind the head. Ruffs were often worn by both men and women as a sign of wealth and social status, and they could be made in various sizes and styles. Ruffs were typically worn with formal attire, such as doublets, gowns, or bodices, and they were sometimes embellished with jewels or embroidery to display the wearer's wealth and prestige further. The popularity of ruffs eventually declined in the 17th century as more simple, streamlined styles came into fashion.

What is a "ruff"?

ruff

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Chain mail is a type of armor consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was widely used during medieval times as a protective garment for knights and soldiers in battle. Chain mail offered effective protection against cuts, thrusts and slashes, and was often worn over a padded jacket or gambeson. It was commonly made from iron or steel, but sometimes also from other materials such as bronze, brass or copper. Despite its weight and bulkiness, chain mail was popular due to its ability to deflect or absorb blows from swords, axes, and other weapons. It remained in use until the introduction of more advanced types of armor such as plate mail in the late medieval period.

What is "chain mail"?

chain mail

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A surcoat is a loose, sleeveless outer garment that was worn over armor during the Middle Ages. It was a long, flowing tunic that was typically made from linen, wool, or silk and was often embroidered with a coat of arms or other heraldic designs. Surcoats were worn by knights and other members of the nobility both for ceremonial occasions and for battle, and they were designed to protect the wearer from the sun and to keep their armor clean. Later on, surcoats became a fashion item and were worn without armor, often in bright colors and with elaborate decorations.

What is a "surcoat"?

surcoat

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A doublet is a fitted men's jacket that originated in Europe in the 14th century. It was worn over a shirt and usually reached to the hips or mid-thigh. Doublets were often made of rich fabrics such as silk, velvet, or brocade, and were adorned with elaborate decorations such as embroidery, jewels, or gold trim. Doublets had a wide range of styles and designs, ranging from simple and practical to highly decorative and ornate, depending on the wearer's social status and the occasion for which it was worn. Doublets were a popular garment among aristocrats and nobles and were commonly worn as part of formal attire or for courtly events.

What is a "doublet"?

doublet

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A frock coat is a type of formal or semi-formal men's coat that was popular during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The coat is typically knee-length and features a fitted waist, full skirt, and wide lapels. Frock coats were commonly worn by wealthy or upper-class men for formal occasions such as weddings or balls, and were often made of luxurious materials such as silk or velvet. The style gradually fell out of fashion in the early 20th century but has experienced occasional revivals in modern times as a vintage or retro fashion item.

What is a "frock coat"?

frock coat

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Mail, also known as chainmail, is a type of armor made from interlocking metal rings, typically worn by medieval soldiers and knights. It consists of thousands of metal rings linked together in a pattern, forming a flexible and durable fabric-like material. The rings can be made of various materials such as iron, steel, or bronze, and come in different sizes and thicknesses depending on the desired level of protection. Mail was designed to protect the wearer from cuts and punctures during battles, but it was relatively heavy and could be cumbersome to wear. Despite its limitations, it was a popular and effective form of armor for centuries.

What is "mail"?

mail

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Chausses are a type of leggings that were worn by men in medieval Europe. They were made of cloth or leather and were designed to cover the leg from the waist to the ankle. Chausses were typically worn under a tunic or a surcoat and were held up by a belt or a series of cords. They were an important part of a knight's armor, providing protection to the legs during battle. Later on, chausses became more fashionable and were worn as part of civilian dress, often adorned with embroidery or other decorations. By the 15th century, chausses had largely been replaced by hose, which was a more form-fitting type of leg covering.

What are "chausses"?

chausses

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A gambeson is a padded jacket worn as armor during the Middle Ages. It was usually made of quilted linen or wool and was used to absorb shock and prevent bruising and injuries during battle. Gambesons were a common form of armor worn by knights and soldiers and could be worn on their own or under plate armor. They were often decorated with embroidery or other embellishments and essential medieval warfare equipment.

What is a "gambeson"?

gambeson

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A hauberk is a type of armor that was popular in the medieval period. It was a long-sleeved shirt that was made of interlocking metal rings or mail. The hauberk provided protection to the upper body and was commonly worn by knights and soldiers during battle. The mail was typically made from iron or steel and could be quite heavy, so the hauberk was usually worn over a padded garment like a gambeson to reduce the weight and absorb the impact of blows. Despite its effectiveness, the hauberk gradually fell out of use as armor technology improved and firearms became more prevalent on the battlefield.

What is a "hauberk"?

hauberk

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A jerkin is a sleeveless, tight-fitting, and short leather or cloth jacket, usually worn over a shirt or under a coat. It was a popular garment for men during the 16th and 17th centuries, especially in Europe. The jerkin was made of various materials, such as leather, silk, wool, and velvet. It could be plain or decorated with buttons, studs, or embroidery. The jerkin was a versatile garment that could be worn for both casual and formal occasions. It was often worn by soldiers, as it provided some protection against cuts and blows. The jerkin remained popular until the 18th century, after which it gradually went out of fashion.

What is a "jerkin"?

jerkin

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A jupon is a type of tunic that was worn over armor during the Middle Ages. It was typically made from sturdy materials such as leather or heavy fabric and was designed to protect the wearer from the heat and chafing caused by their armor. Jupons were often decorated with intricate designs or emblems to display the wearer's allegiance or rank and were commonly worn by knights and other nobles during battles or tournaments. Over time, the jupon evolved to become a more decorative garment worn over civilian clothing and was often worn by courtiers or wealthy individuals as a symbol of their status.

What is a "jupon"?

jupon

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A manteau is a loose-fitting, knee-length garment that was popular during the 18th century. It was initially a part of women's fashion but was later adopted by men. The garment typically had long sleeves, and a flared skirt, and was made from luxurious materials such as silk, velvet, or brocade. The manteau was often worn over a corset or a bodice and could be worn for formal and informal occasions. The garment was also popular in France during the 19th century, where it was worn as a part of the military uniform.

What is a "manteau"?

manteau

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The pallium is a rectangular piece of fabric made of wool that was worn by men in ancient Rome. It was a mantle that was draped over the shoulders and fastened at the neck with a fibula or brooch. The pallium was often made of white wool and was considered a symbol of Roman citizenship and authority. It was worn by both men and women, but the design and ornamentation varied depending on the wearer's social status. The pallium was also used as a religious vestment in the Christian church, where it was worn by bishops as a symbol of their authority and consecration.

What is the "pallium"?

pallium

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A partlet is a type of garment that was popular among women in the 16th and 17th centuries. It was a sleeveless undergarment worn over a woman's dress or gown and designed to cover the neck and chest. Partlets were often made of fine linen or lace and were typically decorated with embroidery or lacework. They were a practical garment, as they helped to keep women warm in chilly weather, and also served to provide modesty and decorum by covering the exposed areas of the upper chest and neck. Partlets were worn by women of all classes, from the wealthy upper classes to the working poor.

What is a "partlet"?

partlet

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Trunk hoses are men's clothing worn during the 16th and early 17th centuries in Europe. They were essentially padded and puffed shorts often worn with a doublet, a short jacket worn over the shirt. Trunk hoses were commonly made of silk, velvet, or satin, and were often decorated with elaborate embroidery and jewels. They were worn high on the waist and were supported by a series of laces, buckles, or even an attached codpiece. The style of trunk hose varied over time, with some being narrower and others being more voluminous, even resembling a skirt.

What are "trunk hoses"?

trunk hoses

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A newmarket is a type of close-fitting, thigh-length men's overcoat, traditionally made of wool and often worn for horse racing events. It is named after the town of Newmarket in Suffolk, England, where horse racing has been a major part of the town's history since the 17th century. The Newmarket coat typically has a single-breasted front with buttons, a high collar, and a slit at the back for ease of movement while riding. It is also sometimes referred to as a "racing coat" or "Newmarket jacket," and has become a popular style of men's outerwear beyond its equestrian roots.

What is a "newmarket"?

newmarket

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A chiton was an ancient Greek garment worn by both men and women. It was a simple, rectangular piece of fabric draped over the body and fastened at the shoulders with pins or fibulae. The length of the garment varied, with shorter versions worn for athletic events, and longer versions worn for formal occasions. The chiton was made from a range of materials, from the finest linen for the wealthy to coarser wool for the less well-off. Women's chitons often had sleeves, while men's were typically sleeveless. The chiton was a versatile garment, suitable for both everyday wear and formal occasions, and it remained a staple of Greek dress for many centuries.

What is a "chiton"?

chiton

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A riding habit is a specific style of clothing worn by women when horseback riding in the 18th and 19th centuries. The riding habit typically consisted of a tailored jacket and a long, ankle-length skirt that allowed the rider to sit comfortably on a horse. The jacket was often cut in a masculine style and featured a high collar, while the skirt was designed to be full and flowing, with a split at the back to allow for ease of movement. Riding habits were often made of durable materials such as wool or tweed and were designed to be both practical and stylish. They were a symbol of the increasing freedom and independence of women during this time period, as horseback riding became a popular leisure activity for women of all classes.

What is a "riding habit"?

riding habit

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Here you will learn some English words related to historical clothes such as "armor", "toga" and "tabard".

"歴史的な服"のための英語の単語