Athletics is a collection of sports that involve physical activities such as running, jumping, throwing, and walking. These events are typically performed individually, although there are some team events, like relay races. Athletics is known for its simplicity and focus on natural physical abilities, testing endurance, speed, strength, and coordination. Common events in athletics include sprinting, long-distance running, high jump, long jump, shot put, and pole vault. It is a key part of many major sports competitions, such as the Olympic Games, where athletes from around the world compete in these events.

What is "athletics"?

athletics

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A tournament is a competition where multiple teams or individuals compete against each other in a series of matches or rounds to determine the winner. Tournaments are usually organized in a structured format, with participants facing off in either knockout rounds, where the loser is eliminated after each match, or round-robin formats, where everyone plays against each other. Tournaments can be held at local, national, or international levels, and they are commonly seen in sports, games, and other activities where skill or performance is tested.

What is a "tournament"?

tournament

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A league is a group of sports teams or individual players who compete against each other over a period of time, often through a series of matches or games. The teams or players are usually ranked based on the points or wins they accumulate throughout the season. At the end of the season, the top-ranked teams or players might win titles or advance to further competitions. Leagues are commonly organized for sports like football, basketball, and tennis, and they provide a structured format for ongoing competition.

What is a "league"?

league

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An arena is a large, enclosed space designed for hosting sports events, concerts, or other entertainment activities. It typically has seating for spectators surrounding the central performance area, such as a court, stage, or field. Arenas are used for indoor events like basketball, ice hockey, and concerts, and they are equipped with features like lighting, sound systems, and scoreboards to enhance the experience. The design of an arena allows for a clear view of the action from most seating areas, making it suitable for both athletic competitions and large-scale performances.

What is an "arena"?

arena

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pitch

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A championship is a competition where the top player or team is selected as the best among others. It is often the final event in a series of contests, with participants competing to win the title or trophy. Championships can be held in various sports, games, or activities, and they typically involve qualifying rounds leading to a final match or series. The winner is considered the best in that sport or event for a specific period, often receiving recognition or awards for their achievement.

What is a "championship"?

championship

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spectator

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Martial arts are various systems of training and techniques used for self-defense, combat, and physical fitness. They often involve a combination of physical movements, mental focus, and discipline. Some martial arts focus on striking techniques, such as punches and kicks, while others emphasize grappling, joint locks, or submissions. Examples include karate, judo, taekwondo, and kung fu. Martial arts can be practiced as a sport, for personal development, or for self-defense. They are known for promoting strength, balance, coordination, and respect for others.

What are "martial arts"?

martial arts

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A ring is the square-shaped platform where boxing or wrestling matches take place. It is surrounded by ropes on all sides to keep the competitors within the area during the match. The surface of the ring is padded to reduce the risk of injury, and it is slightly elevated from the ground. This space serves as the official area where athletes compete according to the rules of their sport, with referees ensuring fair play and safety.

What is a "ring"?

ring

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A referee is an official responsible for overseeing a sports game or match, ensuring that the rules are followed and that the game is played fairly. They make decisions on actions during the game, such as fouls, penalties, or goals, and can impose punishments, such as yellow or red cards in soccer, or penalties in other sports. Referees help maintain order, manage the flow of the game, and resolve any disputes that may arise between players or teams. They are key to making sure the game is played according to the rules and in a fair manner.

Who is a "referee"?

referee

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A stroke is the action of hitting the ball with a bat, racket, or similar equipment in sports like cricket, tennis, or golf. It involves a controlled movement to direct the ball toward a specific target or area, often aiming for accuracy or power depending on the situation. Strokes are an essential part of gameplay and require skill and timing to be effective.

What is a "stroke"?

stroke

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A strike in baseball or softball is a pitch that the batter either swings at and misses, or does not swing at but the umpire decides it is within the strike zone. The strike zone is the area over the plate, typically between the batter's knees and chest. If the batter gets three strikes during their turn at bat, they are out. A strike helps the pitcher by counting against the batter and making it more difficult to reach base. A pitch is also called a strike if the batter swings and hits the ball, but the hit does not result in a fair play.

What is a "strike"?

strike

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to tackle

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The offense refers to the players on a team who are focused on scoring against the other team. Their job is to move the ball or puck toward the opponent's goal and find ways to score. This can involve passing, shooting, or running, depending on the sport. The offensive players work together to break through the defense and create chances to score. The main aim of the offense is to get past the defenders and successfully score points for their team.

Who is the "offense"?

offense

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The defense refers to the players on a team who work to stop the opposing team from scoring. Their job is to protect their goal or area by blocking shots, intercepting passes, and preventing the opposing team from getting close to scoring. Defensive players try to disrupt the offensive team's plays, regain possession of the ball or puck, and force mistakes. The goal of the defense is to keep the other team from scoring points and to give their team a chance to take control of the game.

Who is the "defense"?

defense

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to umpire

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to tie

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draw

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A foul is an action in a sport that breaks the rules or is considered unfair or dangerous. It usually results in a penalty or punishment, such as awarding the opposing team a free kick, a penalty shot, or a point. Fouls can involve physical contact, like pushing or tripping, or other actions that are not allowed according to the game's rules. Depending on the sport, fouls may be classified as minor or major, with more serious fouls potentially leading to further consequences, such as a player's disqualification or suspension.

What is a "foul"?

foul

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versus

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triathlon

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cross-country

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A gymnast is a person who practices gymnastics, a sport that involves performing exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Gymnasts train to execute routines on various apparatuses such as the floor, bars, rings, beam, and vault, as well as tumbling and acrobatic movements. The sport emphasizes precision, control, and artistic presentation. Gymnasts compete individually or as part of a team, with their routines being judged on difficulty, execution, and creativity. Gymnastics demands discipline and consistent practice to master the complex skills involved.

Who is a "gymnast"?

gymnast

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Heavyweight is a weight class in combat sports like boxing and mixed martial arts for athletes who weigh above a certain limit. In boxing, heavyweight competitors typically weigh over 91 kilograms or 200 pounds, with no maximum weight limit. In MMA, the weight limit is usually set at 120 kilograms or 265 pounds, with a minimum of 93 kilograms or 206 pounds. Heavyweight fighters are known for their strength and power, often relying on knockout punches and dominant grappling to control the match. This division allows athletes of larger size and weight to compete against each other, with a focus on forceful and impactful techniques.

What is "heavyweight"?

heavyweight

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Lightweight is a weight class in combat sports like boxing and mixed martial arts for athletes who weigh within a specific range. In boxing, lightweight competitors typically weigh no more than 61.2 kilograms or 135 pounds, with a minimum weight of around 59 kilograms or 130 pounds. In MMA, the weight limit can vary slightly depending on the organization, but it is generally within the same range. Lightweight fighters are known for their speed, agility, and technical skill, often combining quick strikes with effective grappling.

What is "lightweight"?

lightweight

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A sprint is a short, fast race where the goal is to cover a set distance as quickly as possible. Sprinting usually involves distances ranging from 60 meters to 400 meters, and it requires maximum effort over a brief period of time. The focus is on speed, with runners reaching their top speed early and maintaining it until the finish line. Sprint races are commonly held on tracks, and the athletes need powerful bursts of energy, good technique, and fast reactions to achieve the best performance. Sprinting is often seen as a test of pure speed and explosive power.

What is a "sprint"?

sprint

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A trophy is a prize or award given to individuals or teams to recognize their achievement in a competition or event. It is typically a decorative object, often made of metal, glass, or wood, and shaped to represent the sport or activity in which the winner succeeded. Trophies are usually awarded to first-place winners but can also be given to second and third place in some events. They serve as a symbol of success and are often displayed as a keepsake to remind the winner of their accomplishment.

What is a "trophy"?

trophy

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doping

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victory

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A marathon is a long-distance running race that covers a distance of 26.2 miles or 42.195 kilometers. It is one of the most challenging and prestigious events in the sport of running, requiring significant endurance, training, and mental strength to complete. Marathon races are often held in cities around the world and attract both professional athletes and amateur runners. Participants must maintain a steady pace throughout the race, with the goal of finishing the course within a specific time limit, which can vary depending on the event. The marathon tests an athlete's physical and mental stamina over a long duration.

What is a "marathon"?

marathon

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Track and field is a sport that includes various events involving running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The sport is divided into track events, such as sprints, hurdles, and long-distance races, and field events, such as long jump, high jump, shot put, and discus throw. Athletes compete individually or in relay teams to achieve the fastest times, longest distances, or highest jumps. Track and field is often part of larger competitions like the Olympics or local championships. It requires a mix of speed, strength, endurance, and technique to excel in different events.

What is "track and field"?

track and field

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club

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Here you will learn some English words about athletics, such as "league", "pitch", "ring", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

"陸上競技"に関連する言葉 | TOEFLの必須語彙

Athletics

Words related to "Athletics" | Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL