対話と談話

to invoke

動詞

/ɪn.voʊk/ or /in.voook/

i

ɪ

n

n

v

v

o

oʊ

k

k

e

(引き合いに出す)

呼び起こす

to mention someone or something of prominence as a support or reason for an argument or action

to plead

動詞

/plid/ or /plid/

p

p

l

l

ea

i

d

d

(弁解する（べんかいする）)

請う（こう）

to state something as an excuse

to point

動詞

/pɔɪnt/ or /pawint/

p

p

oi

ɔɪ

n

n

t

t

(示唆する)

指し示す

to suggest that something is probable or certain

to provoke

動詞

/prə.voʊk/ or /prē.voook/

p

p

r

r

o

ə

v

v

o

oʊ

k

k

e

(いらいらさせる)

挑発する

to intentionally annoy someone so that they become angry

to signpost

動詞

/saɪn.poʊst/ or /sain.pooost/

s

s

i

aɪ

g

n

n

p

p

o

oʊ

s

s

t

t

(案内標識を設置する)

標識を立てる

to mark a place such as a road, etc. with a signpost

to yap

動詞

/jæp/ or /yāp/

y

j

a

æ

p

p

(おしゃべりする (おしゃべりする))

喋る (しゃべる)

to talk excessively or continuously, often in a way that is annoying to others

ideological

形容詞

/aɪ.diə.lɑ.ʤɪ.kəl/ or /ai.diē.laa.ji.kēl/

i

aɪ

d

d

eo

iə

l

l

o

ɑ

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

c

k

a

ə

l

l

(理念的な)

イデオロギー的な

based on or relating to a specific set of political or economic views or policies

inclined

形容詞

/ɪnk.laɪnd/ or /ink.laind/

i

ɪ

n

n

c

k

l

l

i

aɪ

n

n

e

d

d

(気が向いている)

傾向がある

giving an opinion in a way that is not strong

inflexible

形容詞

/ɪn.flɛk.sə.bəl/ or /in.flek.sē.bēl/

i

ɪ

n

n

f

f

l

l

e

ɛ

x

ks

i

ə

b

b

ə

l

l

e

(融通の利かない)

柔軟性がない

(of a rule, opinion, etc.) fixed and not easily changed

mistaken

形容詞

/mɪs.teɪ.kən/ or /mis.tei.kēn/

m

m

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

a

eɪ

k

k

e

ə

n

n

(間違った)

誤解した

(of a person) wrong in one's judgment, opinion, or belief

moderate

形容詞

/mɑ.dɜ.reɪt/ or /maa.dē.reit/

m

m

o

ɑ

d

d

e

ɜ

r

r

a

eɪ

t

t

e

(中庸な)

穏健な

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

unstated

形容詞

/ʌn.steɪ.tɪd/ or /an.stei.tid/

u

ə

n

n

s

s

t

t

a

eɪ

t

t

e

ɪ

d

d

(暗黙の)

明示されていない

not clearly said or explained

vocal

形容詞

/voʊ.kəl/ or /vooo.kēl/

v

v

o

oʊ

c

k

a

ə

l

l

(意見をはっきり言う)

声高な

giving opinions loudly or freely

given that

接続詞

/ɡˈɪvən ðˈæt/

(を踏まえると)

を考慮すると

used to express that one is considering a particular fact before sharing one's opinion or making a judgment

no kidding

間投詞

/nˈoʊ kˈɪdɪŋ/

(冗談じゃなく)

本当に

used to highlight the sincerity or truthfulness of a statement

honest to God

形容詞

/ˈɑːnɪsttəɡˈɑːd/

(正直に言えば)

本当のことを言うと

used to emphasize the fact that one is telling the truth

having said that

句

/hˌævɪŋ sˈɛd ðˈæt/

N/A

used to introduce an opposing statement after making a point

if anything

句

/ɪf ˈɛnɪθˌɪŋ/

N/A

Idiom

Informal

used to suggest that the opposite of what has been stated may be closer to the truth

at all

副詞

/æt ˈɔːl/

N/A

to the smallest amount or degree

that said

句

/ðæt sˈɛd/

N/A

used to introduce statement that is in contrast to what one previously stated

beyond doubt

句

/bɪjˌɑːnd dˈaʊt/

N/A

in a way that is absolutely certain and cannot be questioned

hostility

名詞

/hɑs.tɪ.lə.ti/ or /haas.ti.lē.ti/

h

h

o

ɑ

s

s

t

t

i

ɪ

l

l

i

ə

t

t

y

i

(攻撃性（こうげきせい）)

敵意（てきい）

behavior or feelings that are aggressive or unfriendly

mainstream

名詞

/meɪn.strim/ or /mein.strim/

m

m

ai

eɪ

n

n

s

s

t

t

r

r

ea

i

m

m

(メインストリーム)

主流

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

objectivity

名詞

/ɑb.ʤɛk.tɪ.vɪ.ti/ or /aab.jek.ti.vi.ti/

o

ɑ

b

b

j

ʤ

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

i

ɪ

v

v

i

ɪ

t

t

y

i

(客観的状態)

客観性

the state of being affected by facts and statistics instead of personal opinions and feelings

subjectivity

名詞

/səb.ʤɛk.tɪ.vɪ.ti/ or /sēb.jek.ti.vi.ti/

s

s

u

ə

b

b

j

ʤ

e

ɛ

c

k

t

t

i

ɪ

v

v

i

ɪ

t

t

y

i

(主観的な見解)

主観性

the state of being affected by personal opinions and feelings instead of facts and statistics

premise

名詞

/prɛ.mɪs/ or /pre.mis/

p

p

r

r

e

ɛ

m

m

i

ɪ

s

s

e

(根拠 (こんきょ))

前提 (ぜんてい)

a theory or statement that acts as the foundation of an argument

reasoning

名詞

/ri.zə.nɪng/ or /ri.zē.ning/

r

r

ea

i

s

z

o

ə

n

n

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(論理 (ろんり))

推論 (すいろん)

the act of rational and logical thinking about something

say

名詞

/seɪ/ or /sei/

s

s

a

e

y

ɪ

(意見を言う権利 (いけんをいうけんり))

発言権 (はつげんけん)

the right or chance to give an opinion about something

to have second thoughts

句

/hæv sˈɛkənd θˈɔːts/

N/A

Idiom

to start doubting a decision and begin to wonder whether it is the right or best thing to do

voice

名詞

/vɔɪs/ or /vawis/

v

v

oi

ɔɪ

c

s

e

(声)

意見を述べる権利

the right to give an opinion on something

solidarity

名詞

/sɑ.lə.dɛ.rə.ti/ or /saa.lē.de.rē.ti/

s

s

o

ɑ

l

l

i

ə

d

d

a

ɛ

r

r

i

ə

t

t

y

i

(団結)

連帯

the support given by the members of a group to each other because of sharing the same opinions, feelings, goals, etc.