(리보좀)
리보솜
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
(골지장치)
골지체
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
문법 정보:
(lysosome (라이소좀))
라이소좀
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
(미토콘드리온)
미토콘드리아
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(클로로플라스트)
엽록체
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
(핵산염기)
뉴클레오타이드
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
(다펩타이드)
폴리펩타이드
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
(오르간넬)
세포소기관
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
(액포)
빈포자
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
(세포분열 중심체)
센트리올
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
(히스톤 단백질)
히스톤
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
(말단소체)
텔로미어
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
(형질)
표현형
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
(체내 항상성)
항상성
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
(단백질 합성)
번역
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
(트랜스크립션)
전사
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
(재현)
복제
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
(유전자 부호)
코돈
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
(상리공생 (Sangri-gongsaeng))
공생 (Gongsaeng)
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
(단세포 생물)
아메바
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
문법 정보:
(세균)
원핵생물
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
(클로로필)
염록소
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
(단백질 외피)
캡시드
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
(유관생물)
진핵생물
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
(오비움)
난자
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
(위산 효소)
펩신
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.
(ATP)
아데노신 삼인산
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
문법 정보:
(세포 작은뼈대)
세포 골격
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
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