Biology is the study of living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, and interactions with their environment. It covers a wide range of topics, from the molecular mechanisms within cells to the behavior of entire ecosystems. Biology helps us understand the diversity of life on Earth, how organisms adapt to their surroundings, and the processes that sustain life, such as metabolism, reproduction, and evolution.

What is "biology"?

biology

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reproduction

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Metabolism refers to the complex set of biochemical processes that occur within cells to convert nutrients into energy and essential molecules for growth, repair, and maintenance. It encompasses both the breakdown of substances (catabolism) to release energy and the synthesis of molecules (anabolism) to build and maintain cellular structures. Metabolism influences the body's energy expenditure, regulation of body weight, hormone production, and overall physiological functioning. It is regulated by various factors, including genetics, age, diet, physical activity, and hormonal balance. Metabolism is a vital process that supports the body's basic functions and is closely linked to overall health and well-being.

What is "metabolism"?

metabolism

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organism

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life cycle

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molecule

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molecular

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matter

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Chemistry is the scientific study of the composition, properties, and reactions of matter. Chemists explore how substances interact with one another, form new compounds, and undergo transformations. Chemistry is fundamental in fields like medicine, environmental science, and industry, as it helps create new materials, understand biological processes, and develop products from energy to pharmaceuticals.

What is "chemistry"?

chemistry

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element

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evolution

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property

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photosynthesis

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is made of two long, twisted strands that form a spiral shape, and it carries the hereditary information used to build and maintain an organism. Each segment of DNA, called a gene, provides instructions for making specific proteins that influence traits and manage various bodily functions. DNA is found in the cells of all living things and is passed from parents to children, directing growth and development.

What is "deoxyribonucleic acid"?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins, which are essential for the body's growth, development, and overall functioning. Genes influence traits such as eye color, blood type, and the likelihood of developing certain diseases. They are passed from parents to children and can affect how the body responds to environmental factors and treatments.

What is a "gene"?

gene

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to react

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In the nervous system, fiber refers to the long, thin extensions of neurons that transmit electrical impulses to other neurons or to muscles and glands. These fibers, also called axons, are covered in a protective sheath called myelin, which helps to speed up the transmission of impulses. The myelin sheath is produced by specialized cells called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Damage to the myelin sheath, such as in the case of multiple sclerosis, can cause disruptions in nerve impulse transmission and lead to a range of neurological symptoms, including muscle weakness, numbness, and vision problems.

What is a "fiber"?

fiber

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particle

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compound

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bond

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atomic

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A nerve is a bundle of fibers that transmits information between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. Nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system, which includes all the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. They consist of sensory fibers that transmit information about external stimuli, such as touch, pain, and temperature, and motor fibers that control muscle movement and glandular secretion. Nerves are essential for communication between the brain and the body and are responsible for the regulation of many bodily functions. Damage to nerves can cause sensory and motor dysfunction, leading to conditions such as paralysis, pain, and numbness.

What is a "nerve"?

nerve

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parasite

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instinct

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acid

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electron

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vapor

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Glucose is a type of sugar, known as a monosaccharide, that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It is found naturally in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains, and is also produced by the body through the breakdown of carbohydrates. Glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream after digestion and is transported to cells throughout the body, where it is used for energy production. Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen for later use. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is essential for overall health, as fluctuations can affect energy levels, mood, and long-term health outcomes.

What is "glucose"?

glucose

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carbon

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Calcium is a mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including building and maintaining strong bones and teeth, regulating muscle contractions, and supporting nerve function. It is found in large amounts in the body and is mainly stored in bones and teeth. Calcium is also involved in blood clotting, hormone release, and cell signaling. Having enough calcium is important for overall bone health and can help prevent osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle. Good dietary sources of calcium include dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese, as well as leafy green vegetables, tofu, and fortified foods.

What is "calcium"?

calcium

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nitrogen

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to dissolve

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Here you will learn some English words about biology, physics, and chemistry, such as "organism", "matter", "element", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

생물학, 물리학 및 화학

"생물학, 물리학, 화학" 관련 단어 | TOEFL 필수 어휘

Biology, Physics, and Chemistry

Words related to "Biology, Physics, and Chemistry" | Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL