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English Vocabulary in Use - Advanced /

085. Abbreviations and Acronyms

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Wyjdź
1-
e.g.
2-
i.e.
3-
anno Domini
4-
Common Era
5-
before Christ
6-
European Union
7-
ID
8-
nota bene
9-
intelligence quotient
10-
frequently asked question
11-
as soon as possible
12-
very important person
13-
bedsit
14-
sitcom
15-
science fiction
16-
information
17-
Wi-Fi
18-
AIDS
19-
NATO
20-
personal identification number
21-
value-added tax
22-
figure
23-
editor
24-
page
25-
cf.
26-
et al.
27-
unidentified flying object
e.g.
przysłówek
uk flag
/ˌiˈɡi/
(np.)

(np.)

na przykład

used before providing an example

example
Przykład
Click on words
I have many hobbies, e.g., hiking, painting, and cooking.
There are several factors that contribute to climate change, e.g., deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, and industrial pollution.

Informacje Gramatyczne:

Przysłówek Pytający
i.e.
przysłówek
uk flag
/ˈaɪiː/
(tj.)

(tj.)

tzn.

used to introduce a clarification or explanation

anno Domini
przysłówek
uk flag
/ˈænoʊ dəmˈiːni/
(po Chr.)

(po Chr.)

n.e.

used to refer to a date that is after the birth of Jesus Christ

Common Era
przysłówek
uk flag
/kˈɑːmən ˈiəɹə/
(era wspólna)

(era wspólna)

era powszechna

used with a date to refer to things happened or existed after the birth of Christ

before Christ
przysłówek
uk flag
/bɪfˌoːɹ kɹˈaɪst/
(przed naszą erą)

(przed naszą erą)

przed Chrystusem

marking the years before Christ's supposed birth

Informacje Gramatyczne:

Przysłówek Czasu
European Union
European Union
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/jˌʊɹəpˈiən jˈuːniən/
(Związek Europejski)

(Związek Europejski)

Unia Europejska

a union of 27 European states that is formed to strengthen the economic and political bonds between its members

ID
ID
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ˌaɪdˈiː/
(legitymacja)

(legitymacja)

dowód osobisty

any document that shows someone's name and date of birth, typically with a photograph

nota bene
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/nˈoʊɾə bˈɛni/
N/A

N/A

a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something

intelligence quotient
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ɪntˈɛlɪdʒəns kwˈoʊʃənt/
(wskaźnik inteligencji)

(wskaźnik inteligencji)

iloraz inteligencji

a measure of a person's reasoning ability and cognitive skills, derived from standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence

frequently asked question
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/fɹˈiːkwəntli ˈæskt kwˈɛstʃən/
N/A

N/A

a list of questions that are frequently asked (about a given topic) along with their answers

as soon as possible
przysłówek
uk flag
/æz sˈuːn æz pˈɑːsəbəl/
(niezwłocznie)

(niezwłocznie)

jak najszybciej

Collocation

used to express the urgency or immediacy of completing a task or taking action without unnecessary delay

very important person
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/vˈɛɹi ɪmpˈoːɹtənt pˈɜːsən/
(osoba VIP)

(osoba VIP)

osoba bardzo ważna

is an individual who holds a significant or influential position and is often granted special privileges or treatment due to their status

bedsit
Rzeczownik
b
b
e
e
d
d
s
s
i
ɪ
t
t
N/A

N/A

a rented room with a bed, a few chairs, a table, and an area for cooking that can be primarily used for sleeping in

Dialectbritish flagBritish
sitcom
Rzeczownik
s
s
i
ɪ
t
t
c
k
o
ɑ
m
m
(serial komediowy)

(serial komediowy)

komedia sytuacyjna

a humorous show on television or radio with the same characters being involved with numerous funny situations in different episodes

What is a "situation comedy"?

A situation comedy, often called a sitcom, is a type of TV show that focuses on a group of characters in humorous, everyday situations. The plot typically revolves around the interactions and relationships between the characters, who are placed in amusing or awkward scenarios. Sitcoms often take place in familiar settings, such as a home, workplace, or social environment, and feature recurring themes or jokes. The goal is to entertain the audience with light-hearted humor, and these shows usually have a predictable format, with each episode offering new comedic situations.

science fiction
science fiction
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃən/
(fantastyka naukowa)

(fantastyka naukowa)

science fiction

books, movies, etc. about imaginary things based on science

What is "science fiction"?

Science fiction is a genre of film, television, or literature that explores imaginative ideas based on science and future technology. It often includes elements such as advanced technology, space travel, time travel, or life from other planets. The stories are set in worlds different from our own, often involving creative scenarios and inventions that go beyond current scientific knowledge. The goal of science fiction is to entertain and provoke thought by presenting interesting and inventive ideas about the future or alternative realities.

Informacje Gramatyczne:

Rzeczownik Złożony
information
information
Rzeczownik
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
o
ə
r
r
m
m
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(wiadomość)

(wiadomość)

informacja

facts or knowledge related to a thing or person

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ˈwaɪˌfaɪ/
(sieć bezprzewodowa)

(sieć bezprzewodowa)

wi-fi

the technology that allows computers, cell phones, etc. to access the Internet or exchange data wirelessly

AIDS
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ˈeɪdz/
(zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności)

(zespół nabytego niedoboru odporności)

AIDS

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

What is "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"?

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system and weakens the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. AIDS is considered the advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a significant decline in immune function and the development of infections or cancers. Symptoms of AIDS can include repeated fevers, unexplained weight loss, persistent diarrhea, and intense fatigue. Without treatment, AIDS can be life-threatening. However, with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people with HIV can prevent the progression to AIDS and live long and healthy lives.

NATO
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/nˈɑːtuː/
N/A

N/A

an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security

personal identification number
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/pˈɜːsənəl aɪdˈɛntɪfɪkˈeɪʃən nˈʌmbɚ/
N/A

N/A

a unique numeric code chosen by an individual to securely access various accounts and services

Informacje Gramatyczne:

Rzeczownik Złożony
value-added tax
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/vˈæljuːˈædᵻd tˈæks/
(VAT)

(VAT)

podatek od wartości dodanej

a tax put on the value added to a product at each stage of the supply chain, affecting the final price which the consumer pays

figure
figure
Rzeczownik
f
f
i
ɪ
g
g
u
j
ə
r
r
e
(ilustracja)

(ilustracja)

rysunek

a diagram or illustration that is used to show or explain something, such as a chart, graph, or drawing

editor
editor
Rzeczownik
e
ɛ
d
d
i
ɪ
t
t
o
ə
r
r
(edytor)

(edytor)

redaktor

someone who is in charge of a newspaper agency, magazine, etc. and decides what should be published

Who is an "editor"?

An editor is a person responsible for reviewing, revising, and improving written content before it is published. Editors ensure that articles, reports, and other types of written material meet the publication's standards for clarity, accuracy, grammar, style, and tone. They may also organize the structure of the content, verify facts, and make sure the work aligns with the intended message or audience. Editors work in various fields, including journalism, publishing, and content creation, and they play a critical role in shaping and refining the final output that reaches readers.

page
page
Rzeczownik
p
p
a
g
ʤ
e
(brzeg (w kontekście papieru))

(brzeg (w kontekście papieru))

strona

one side or both sides of a sheet of paper in a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.

cf.
przysłówek
uk flag
/sˌiːˈɛf/
N/A

N/A

compare (used in texts to point the reader to another location in the text)

et al.
przysłówek
uk flag
/ˈɛt ˈæl/
N/A

N/A

and others ('et al.' is used as an abbreviation of `et alii' (masculine plural) or `et aliae' (feminine plural) or `et alia' (neuter plural) when referring to a number of people)

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object
Rzeczownik
uk flag
/ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ/
(NOL (niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający))

(NOL (niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający))

niezidentyfikowany obiekt latający

a mysterious object that some people claim to have seen flying around in the sky and assume that it is a spaceship from another world

Informacje Gramatyczne:

Rzeczownik Złożony

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