(relief)
płaskorzeźba
a style of sculpture in which shapes are formed in a way that they are marginally elevated from the background
Bas-relief is a sculpting technique where the image is raised slightly from the background surface. The design is carved or molded so that it stands out in low relief, meaning the details are only slightly raised above the flat surface. This method creates a three-dimensional effect while keeping the overall piece relatively thin. Bas-relief is commonly used in decorative art, such as on coins, plaques, and architectural elements.
(popiersie)
bust
a sculpture representing someone's head, shoulders, and chest
A bust is a sculpted representation of a person's head and upper torso. It typically includes the shoulders and sometimes part of the chest, but does not include the entire body. Busts are often used to honor notable individuals and are commonly displayed in places like museums, public spaces, or homes. They provide a detailed view of the subject's face and upper body, capturing their likeness and expression.
(mobiles)
mobill
a type of kinetic art that is created to be suspended from the ceiling and moves with the slightest air currents
A mobile is a type of sculpture that moves. It is usually made of various parts that are connected in such a way that they can freely swing or rotate. The movement is often driven by air currents or gentle touches, giving the sculpture a dynamic and ever-changing appearance. Mobiles are designed to be visually interesting from all angles and are often displayed hanging from the ceiling in a way that allows them to move gracefully.
(figura)
posąg
a large object created to look like a person or animal from hard materials such as stone, metal, or wood
A statue is a three-dimensional artwork that represents a person, animal, or object. It is usually made from materials such as stone, metal, or wood, and is often created to honor individuals or convey artistic expression. Statues can vary in size and detail, and they are commonly placed in public spaces, gardens, or museums. They are designed to be seen from various angles and often serve as decorative or symbolic elements.
(rusztowanie)
armatura
a framework or structure made of metal wire or other materials used as a support for shaping and securing the clay, plaster or other materials used in the creation of the sculpture
An armature is a supportive framework used in sculpture or other forms of art to help shape and hold the materials in place. It is typically made from materials like wire, wood, or metal and acts as a skeleton or base onto which the artist applies other materials such as clay, plaster, or papier-mâché. The armature provides stability and structure, allowing the artist to build and sculpt more easily, and is often removed or covered after the final piece is finished.
(rzeźbienie)
rzeźbiarstwo
the art or process of making a particular pattern or object by cutting solid material
Carving is an artistic process where an artist cuts into a solid material, like wood, stone, or ivory, to create a specific pattern or object. The artist removes material using tools such as knives or chisels to shape and detail the design. Carving can produce various forms, from intricate patterns and decorative pieces to lifelike sculptures. The technique allows for detailed and precise work, resulting in a three-dimensional artwork with texture and depth.
(model)
makieta
a small-scale model or sculpture that is created as a preliminary study or prototype for a larger work, often used to visualize and refine the form and composition of a sculpture before it is created on a larger scale
A maquette is a small-scale model or replica of a larger work of art, design, or architecture. It is used by artists and designers to plan and visualize the final piece before creating it at full size. Maquettes help in studying proportions, details, and the overall design, allowing for adjustments and refinements before the actual work is constructed or executed.
(gotowe dzieło sztuki)
gotowiec
a type of artwork that is created by taking an everyday object and transforming it into art by presenting it in a new context or by altering its form, often associated with the works of French artist Marcel Duchamp
A readymade is an art object that is selected from ordinary, mass-produced items and presented as a work of art. The concept was popularized by the artist Marcel Duchamp, who chose everyday objects like a urinal or a bicycle wheel and exhibited them as art. Readymades challenge traditional ideas of artistic creation by emphasizing the choice and context of the object rather than its craftsmanship or originality.
(nalot)
patyna
a thin layer that forms on the surface of some materials because of exposure to different factors
Patina is a change in the surface appearance of a material, often seen as a layer of color or texture that develops over time. It commonly occurs on metals, like bronze or copper, due to exposure to the elements or aging, creating a green or brown coating. Patina can also refer to a similar aging effect on wood, leather, or other materials, giving them a distinctive, often valued, look and feel.
(szczotka z twardym włosiem)
szczotka z włosia
a tool that has stiff hairs or fibers attached to a handle
A bristle brush is a type of brush with stiff, coarse hairs or bristles that are used for painting, cleaning, or other tasks. The bristles are typically made from natural materials like animal hair or synthetic fibers and are attached to a handle. Bristle brushes are known for their durability and ability to handle rough surfaces or heavy materials, making them useful for applying paint, varnish, or for scrubbing surfaces.
Informacje Gramatyczne:
(chisel)
dłuto
a metal tool with a handle and a strong flat-edged blade that is used to shape hard objects, such as wood, metal, etc.
A chisel is a hand tool used for carving, shaping, or cutting hard materials such as wood, stone, or metal. It consists of a sharp, flat blade with a handle. The blade is struck with a mallet or hammer to cut into the material, allowing the user to create detailed designs or make precise adjustments. Chisels are commonly used in woodworking, masonry, and sculpting.
(łom)
młotek
a tool with a metal head and a handle, used for striking nails, etc.
A hammer is a tool used for hitting nails, breaking objects, or shaping materials. It consists of a heavy head attached to a long handle. The head is usually made of metal and has a flat surface on one side for striking, and sometimes a claw or a different shape on the other side for pulling nails or performing other tasks. Hammers are commonly used in construction, carpentry, and various repair work.
(zacisk)
klamra
a device that is used to hold or compress two or more things together firmly
A clamp is a tool used to hold objects tightly together while work is being done on them. It typically consists of two jaws that can be adjusted to fit around the objects and a mechanism, such as a screw or lever, to tighten the jaws and secure the items in place. Clamps are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, and various crafts to ensure stability and precision during cutting, gluing, or assembling.
(imadło)
szczęki
a tool that has two parts that can be moved together by tightening a screw or a lever to hold an object firmly while work is being done on it
A vise is a tool used to hold objects securely in place while working on them. It consists of two parallel jaws that can be adjusted closer together or farther apart using a screw mechanism. One jaw is fixed, while the other can move to grip the object tightly. Vises are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, and other tasks where stability is needed for cutting, drilling, or shaping materials.
(młot)
młotek drewniany
a hammer-like tool with a large wooden or rubber head used for striking or directing objects
A mallet is a tool used to strike objects without damaging them. It has a large, typically wooden or rubber head, and a handle. Unlike a hammer, which has a harder, metal head, a mallet's softer head helps to avoid scratching or denting the surface of the material being struck. Mallets are often used in woodworking, for pushing chisels, and in other tasks where gentle but firm force is needed.
(piec do wypalania)
piec ceramiczny
a type of furnace or oven that is used for baking or drying pottery, ceramics, or bricks
A kiln is a special type of oven used for heating materials to very high temperatures. It is commonly used in ceramics, pottery, and glassmaking to harden or glaze items by firing them at intense heat. Kilns can also be used in other processes like baking bricks or producing certain chemicals. They are designed to maintain precise temperatures and often have insulation to keep the heat contained.
(kombinerki)
szczypce
a small metal tool with two jaws used for gripping, bending, or cutting materials such as wires, pipes, or small objects
Pliers are hand tools used to grip, twist, or cut objects. They have two handles connected to two jaws, which can be adjusted to hold various sizes of items. The jaws may have different shapes and textures, depending on their intended use, such as gripping, bending, or cutting wire. Pliers are commonly used in tasks like repairing, assembling, or manipulating small objects.
(warzyk garncarski)
koło garncarskie
a type of pottery wheel used to shape clay into pottery and other ceramic objects
A potter's wheel is a rotating tool used in ceramics to shape clay into various forms. It consists of a circular platform that spins when operated by hand or a motor. The potter places a lump of clay on the spinning wheel and uses their hands and tools to shape the clay as it turns. This allows for precise and symmetrical creations, such as bowls, vases, and other pottery items.
(papier szlifierski)
papier ścierny
a type of paper that has sand or another rough material stuck to one side, used for making surfaces smoother or shinier
Sandpaper is a type of abrasive material used for smoothing or polishing surfaces. It consists of a paper backing coated with tiny particles of a rough material, like sand or aluminum oxide, that scrape away small amounts of material when rubbed against a surface. Sandpaper is commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, and finishing tasks to smooth rough surfaces, remove old paint, or prepare surfaces for further treatment. It comes in different grits, with lower numbers for coarse sanding and higher numbers for finer finishes.
(narzędzie piłujące)
piła
a metal tool with a toothed blade that is used for cutting wood, metal, etc. by moving back and forth
A saw is a tool used for cutting through materials like wood, metal, or plastic. It has a long, flat blade with a series of sharp teeth along one edge. When the saw is moved back and forth, the teeth cut into the material, allowing it to be sliced into smaller pieces. There are different types of saws, including hand saws, which are operated manually, and power saws, which have a motor to drive the blade, making cutting faster and easier.
(zgarbi)
skrobaczka
a tool for removing dirt, paint, or other unwanted matter from a surface by scraping
A scraper is a tool used to remove material from a surface. It usually has a flat, rigid blade that is pushed or pulled across the surface to scrape off things like paint, glue, or rust. Scrapers can be made of metal or plastic and come in various shapes and sizes, depending on their intended use. They are commonly used in tasks like preparing surfaces for painting or cleaning up debris.
(nożyce)
cynk
a type of scissors that are used for cutting metal or other hard materials
Snips are hand tools used for cutting through thin materials like metal, plastic, or wire. They have two handles and a pair of sharp, curved blades that come together when the handles are squeezed. The curved blades allow for precise cutting along curves or straight lines. Snips are commonly used in tasks like cutting sheet metal, trimming wires, or working on crafts.
(zgrzewanie)
spawanie
a process of joining two materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by melting them with high heat and allowing them to cool and fuse
Welding is a process used to join two or more pieces of metal or thermoplastic materials by heating them to a high temperature until they melt and fuse together. In metal welding, a filler material may be added to help fill gaps and strengthen the joint. Once the material cools and solidifies, it forms a strong, permanent bond. This technique is commonly used in construction, automotive repair, and manufacturing to create or repair metal and plastic structures and components.
(nóż wycinający)
palnik tlenowy
a tool that uses a very hot flame to cut metal or other hard materials by melting and removing them with a jet of oxygen
A cutting torch is a tool used to cut through metal by applying a high-temperature flame. It consists of a handle with controls for mixing oxygen and fuel gases, which are then ignited to produce a hot, concentrated flame. This flame heats the metal to its melting point, and a stream of oxygen blows away the molten metal, making it easier to cut through. Cutting torches are commonly used in welding and metalworking to slice through thick metal sheets or pipes.
Informacje Gramatyczne:
(obcinacz do drutu)
cutter do drutu
a hand tool specifically designed for cutting wires and cables
A wire cutter is a tool designed for cutting through wires or cables. It features two handles and a pair of sharp, angled blades that come together when the handles are squeezed. The blades are specifically shaped to grip and cut through wire cleanly, making it easier to trim or shorten electrical wires, cables, or other thin materials. Wire cutters are commonly used in electrical work, crafting, and various repair tasks.
Informacje Gramatyczne:
(relief w wysokim uproszczeniu)
wysoki relief
a technique used in sculpture in which at least half of the circumference of the modeled object is raised form the background
High relief is a sculptural technique where the design or image is carved deeply into a surface, with parts of the sculpture standing out prominently from the background. The figures or patterns are raised significantly, creating a strong three-dimensional effect. This technique is used to achieve more dramatic and detailed representations in art and architectural decorations.
(obelisk)
stela
a type of stone monument used to commemorate or record an event or person
A stele is a large, upright stone slab or pillar that is often engraved with inscriptions or carvings. It is used as a monument to remember important events, mark boundaries, or honor individuals. Steles are commonly found in ancient civilizations and can include historical records, religious texts, or artistic designs. They are typically placed in prominent locations and serve both decorative and functional purposes.
(wyrzeźbienie w lodzie)
rzeźba lodowa
a type of sculpture made from ice. It is usually created by carving a block of ice with a variety of tools, and can be used to create decorative pieces or functional objects
An ice sculpture is a decorative piece created by carving or shaping blocks of ice. Artists use special tools to chisel, carve, and mold the ice into various forms, such as animals, figures, or abstract designs. Ice sculptures are often used for events like weddings, parties, or festivals, and they are valued for their beauty and the way they reflect light. Since ice melts over time, these sculptures are usually temporary and are enjoyed as a stunning visual display during their brief existence.
Informacje Gramatyczne:
(budowla piaskowa)
zamek z piasku
a type of sculpture made from sand, usually created by packing sand into a mold or form and then shaping it with a variety of tools
A sandcastle is a structure built from sand, typically on a beach. It is created by shaping wet sand using hands, shovels, and other tools to form various designs, such as towers, walls, and moats. Sandcastles are often made for fun, especially by children, and can range from simple piles of sand to elaborate, detailed creations. The sand needs to be damp to hold its shape, and the structure is usually temporary, as it can be washed away by the tide or break down over time.
(rzeźba druciana)
rzeźba z drutu
a type of sculpture made from wire. It is usually created by bending and twisting wire into a variety of shapes and figures
A wire sculpture is an art piece created by shaping and manipulating wire into various forms and designs. Artists use wire, which can be flexible or stiff, to create intricate shapes, figures, or abstract designs. The wire is bent, twisted, and connected to form a three-dimensional artwork. Wire sculptures can range from simple, minimalist designs to complex, detailed structures, and are valued for their ability to capture form and movement with a lightweight, often transparent material.
Informacje Gramatyczne:
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