Philosophy

nihilism

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(nihilizmem)

nihilizm

a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.

utilitarianism

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(użyteczności)

użyteczność

the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people

stoicism

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(filozofia stoicka)

stoicyzm

an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason

solipsism

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(solipsystyczna teoria)

solipsyzm

a philosophical concept or belief system that asserts the self as the only reality and that only the individual's mind is sure to exist

ontology

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(ontologiczna filozofia)

ontologia

the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality

monism

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(monistyczność)

monizm

a philosophical theory asserting that all of reality is fundamentally unified and derived from a single substance or principle

objectivism

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(filozofia obiektywizmu)

obiektywizm

a philosophy that emphasizes individual rights, reason, and laissez-faire capitalism

subjectivism

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(subiektywizmu)

subiektywizm

a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth

absurdism

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(absurdyzm)

absurdzm

the belief that life is inherently meaningless, yet individuals can create their own meaning

teleology

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(nauka o celowości)

teleologia

the study of purpose, design, and final causes in the natural world, exploring the idea that things have inherent goals or intentions

cogito

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(myślenie)

cogito

the philosophy illustrating the core acknowledgment of one's existence through the act of thinking

monad

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(jednostka)

monada

a fundamental, indivisible entity or substance, often associated with Leibnizian philosophy, possessing inherent characteristics and reflecting the entire universe from its unique perspective

pragmatism

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(pragmatyka)

pragmatyzm

a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions

noumenon

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(noumen)

noumenon

a philosophical term referring to the intrinsic nature of a thing, independent of human perception, in contrast to phenomena which are how things appear to human observers

fatalism

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(fatalność)

fatalizm

the belief that events and outcomes are predetermined and inevitable, with little or no control by individuals

tenet

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(dogmat)

zasada

a fundamental belief or principle that is central to a system of thought, philosophy, or religion