Perswazja i dyskurs

to calculate

Czasownik

/kælk.jə.leɪt/ or /kālk.yē.leit/

c

k

a

æ

l

l

c

k

u

j

ə

l

l

a

eɪ

t

t

e

(ocenić)

oszacować

to form an opinion by considering the information at hand

to commit

Czasownik

/kə.mɪt/ or /kē.mit/

c

k

o

ə

mm

m

i

ɪ

t

t

(angażować się)

zobowiązać się

to state that one is bound to do something specific

to confer

Czasownik

/kən.fɜr/ or /kēn.fēr/

c

k

o

ə

n

n

f

f

e

ɜ

r

r

(naradzać się)

konsultować

to exchange opinions and have discussions with others, often to come to an agreement or decision

to conform

Czasownik

/kən.fɔrm/ or /kēn.fawrm/

c

k

o

ə

n

n

f

f

o

ɔ

r

r

m

m

(przystosować się)

dostosować się

to adjust oneself in order to align with new or different circumstances or expectations

to contend

Czasownik

/kən.tɛnd/ or /kēn.tend/

c

k

o

ə

n

n

t

t

e

ɛ

n

n

d

d

(argumentować)

twierdzić

to argue the truth of something

contradictory

przymiotnik

/kɑnt.rə.dɪk.tɜ.ri/ or /kaant.rē.dik.tē.ri/

c

k

o

ɑ

n

n

t

t

r

r

a

ə

d

d

i

ɪ

c

k

t

t

o

ɜ

r

r

y

i

(niezgodny)

sprzeczny

(of statements, beliefs, facts, etc.) incompatible or opposed to one another, even if not strictly illogical

to echo

Czasownik

/ɛ.koʊ/ or /e.kooo/

e

ɛ

ch

k

o

oʊ

(zgadzać się z)

powtarzać

to repeat opinions or statements of another person, particularly to show support or agreement

anti

Przyimek

/æn.ti/ or /ān.ti/

a

æ

n

n

t

t

i

i

(przeciwko)

anty

used to convey that one is against something

challenging

przymiotnik

/ʧæ.lən.ʤɪng/ or /chā.lēn.jing/

ch

ʧ

a

æ

ll

l

e

ə

n

n

g

ʤ

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(wyzywający)

prowokujący do myślenia

intending to provoke thought or discussion

credible

przymiotnik

/krɛ.də.bəl/ or /kre.dē.bēl/

c

k

r

r

e

ɛ

d

d

i

ə

b

b

ə

l

l

e

(przekonywujący)

wiarygodny

able to be believed or relied on

debatable

przymiotnik

/də.beɪ.tə.bəl/ or /dē.bei.tē.bēl/

d

d

e

ə

b

b

a

eɪ

t

t

a

ə

b

b

ə

l

l

e

(dyskusyjny)

sporny

subject to argument or disagreement

pronounced

przymiotnik

/prə.naʊnst/ or /prē.naoonst/

p

p

r

r

o

ə

n

n

o

a

u

ʊ

n

n

c

s

e

d

t

(widoczny)

wyraźny

immediately noticed due to being apparent

then again

Fraza

/ðˈɛn ɐɡˈɛn/

N/A

used to add a statement that contradicts what one has just said

arguably

przysłówek

/ɑr.gjuəb.li/ or /aar.gyooēb.li/

a

ɑ

r

r

g

g

u

ju

a

ə

b

b

l

l

y

i

(jak można argumentować)

można argumentować

used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence

favorably

przysłówek

/feɪ.vɜ.rəb.li/ or /fei.vē.rēb.li/

f

f

a

eɪ

v

v

o

ɜ

r

r

a

ə

b

b

l

l

y

i

(przychylnie)

pochlebnie

in a positive, approving, or useful manner

as a matter of fact

Fraza

/æz ɐ mˈæɾɚɹ ʌv fˈækt/

N/A

Collocation

used to introduce a statement that presents a truth or reality, often to clarify or emphasize something

at the same time

Fraza

/æt ðə sˈeɪm tˈaɪm/

N/A

used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

for that matter

przysłówek

/fɔːɹ ðæt mˈæɾɚ/

(w tej kwestii)

tym bardziej

used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

as far as something is concerned

Fraza

/æz ɔːɹ sˈoʊ fˌɑːɹ æz ˌɛstˌiːˈeɪtʃ ɪz kənsˈɜːnd/

N/A

Collocation

used to refer to the specific matter or topic being discussed or considered

clash

Rzeczownik

/klæʃ/ or /klāsh/

c

k

l

l

a

æ

sh

ʃ

(starcie)

konflikt

a serious argument between two sides caused by their different views and beliefs

confrontation

Rzeczownik

/kɑnf.rən.teɪ.ʃən/ or /kaanf.rēn.tei.shēn/

c

k

o

ɑ

n

n

f

f

r

r

o

ə

n

n

t

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(starcie)

konfrontacja

a situation of hostility or strong disagreement between two opposing individuals, parties, or groups

consistency

Rzeczownik

/kən.sɪs.tən.si/ or /kēn.sis.tēn.si/

c

k

o

ə

n

n

s

s

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

e

ə

n

n

c

s

y

i

(konsekwencja)

spójność

the quality of always acting or being the same way, or having the same opinions or standards

conviction

Rzeczownik

/kən.vɪk.ʃən/ or /kēn.vik.shēn/

c

k

o

ə

n

n

v

v

i

ɪ

c

k

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(wiara)

przekonanie

a belief or opinion that is very strong

critique

Rzeczownik

/krə.tik/ or /krē.tik/

c

k

r

r

i

ə

t

t

i

i

q

k

u

e

(recenzja)

krytyka

a detailed judgment of something, such as a work of art, a political idea, etc.

don't-know

Rzeczownik

/dˈoʊntnˈoʊ/

(niezdecydowany)

niepewny

someone who does not provide a definite answer for a question, particularly when being asked in a poll

cliche

Rzeczownik

/kli.ʃeɪ/ or /kli.shei/

c

k

l

l

i

i

ch

ʃ

e

eɪ

(utarty frazes)

klisza

a remark or opinion that has been used so much that it is not effective anymore

double-edged

przymiotnik

/dˈʌbəlˈɛdʒd/

(dwusieczny)

dwuznaczny

(of a comment) implying two distinct meanings

to that effect

Fraza

/tə ðæt ɪfˈɛkt/

N/A

used when one is providing the general meaning of written or spoken statement instead of the exact words

awesomesauce

przymiotnik

/ɔ.səm.sɔ:s/ or /aw.sēm.saws/

a

ɔ:

w

e

s

s

o

oʊ

m

m

e

s

s

au

ɔ:

c

s

e

(fajowskie)

super ekstra

Informal

used to describe something as really great, satisfying, or interesting

sob story

Rzeczownik

/sˈɑːb stˈoːɹi/

(opowieść o nieszczęściu)

historia na wzruszenie

a story told in order to gain the sympathy of other people, particularly one that seems to be fake