primary

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJpbWFyeQ&hash=7fd6602a4bd6f7648b9b4a4cf66689d185c5e0bf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

foliage

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Zm9saWFnZQ&hash=ebc9e6196ce821bc39ad525566bb4a3a43601061&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

crown

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jvd24&hash=daa2c507d0c52ec6125d11958bb0fa371512c88f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

coverage

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y292ZXJhZ2U&hash=27b6f4785467df696135817253f520e2565cce0e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to regenerate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVnZW5lcmF0ZQ&hash=96b7681b719926618db8c542a6f730caa6d5c760&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

crowded

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jvd2RlZA&hash=5153e040cef7210e3164f15acfc3c0d20cd4a934&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to tailor

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGFpbG9y&hash=78c327bb7ad7ae3d5532c9c19b0f965f6584fce8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to yield

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8geWllbGQ&hash=11db559809d15467848f1bc90277ac911c6bf194&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A pest is a destructive creature that causes harm or annoyance to humans, their property, crops, or livestock. These can include insects such as mosquitoes, termites, and cockroaches that spread disease, damage crops, or invade homes, as well as larger animals such as rodents that can destroy property and carry diseases. While some pests can be controlled through natural methods, such as introducing predators or using repellents, others require more aggressive measures such as pesticides or extermination.

What is a "pest"?

pest

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGVzdA&hash=17b40bd2bfa161b66d857a239904317d37683627&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A pathogen is a type of microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite, that can cause diseases. These harmful organisms have the ability to invade and multiply within the body, leading to infection and illness. Pathogens can be spread through various ways, including direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated food or water, or insect bites. Understanding and controlling pathogens are critical in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, often through measures such as vaccination and hygiene practices.

What is a "pathogen"?

pathogen

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGF0aG9nZW4&hash=b9ad374eb8d0c265e119b3db34942d845a929ec6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to ease

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZWFzZQ&hash=abadca553401178e8e49a63b928146e02736c06a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

procedure

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJvY2VkdXJl&hash=ae2737f9b0d6f6c09979b3851889a9bbef414af5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to seek

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2Vlaw&hash=75046d01124278ff43b01a1712be66147fd33c00&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

spread

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3ByZWFk&hash=cc080864cd4d2bdf3b88dd7aaa0d0d41fa17beb2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

vigorous

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dmlnb3JvdXM&hash=361d92815f30724b566fe901b1a8026a58d9cb5e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

outbreak

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b3V0YnJlYWs&hash=7d5d8a06c2e90af112b0dbff79c78b27b6c5fe26&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

mature

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWF0dXJl&hash=ae3c5abce4824774a36d52455936b5a9f74ec79f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to thin

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGhpbg&hash=56b0455584978a55a80d622a0bb2ee602a49cf48&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

seedling

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2VlZGxpbmc&hash=e85d818547590823861ce5e2704fc03857b15aee&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to establish

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZXN0YWJsaXNo&hash=197cca6771bfb1b878928ed0eed2c8349976acb3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

forester

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Zm9yZXN0ZXI&hash=dc618dc7fcbfa1a0f5bc6bf9a0d7c533ed05d78f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

to leave

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbGVhdmU&hash=1fdf1969635c5e8cff1836b498d3700bf6581060&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

young

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=eW91bmc&hash=8987b925aa6c405a7878d2e2c4485857bb73d45f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

point

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cG9pbnQ&hash=8503afb052662d11c7a4724560ff9fdfbb22ddce&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

two-tier

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHdvLXRpZXI&hash=e43af8a70f06f701c4f309dc1cef491686ce9f0c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

harvest

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFydmVzdA&hash=a6095705d60906950e32d92a0b493ba6ea83d95c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

to come in

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29tZSBpbg&hash=cf8e112121b06c34709b3882c2b8cd0da7e80ace&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to spread out

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc3ByZWFkIG91dA&hash=39a10064c9590c5c19d8fa595b20b8419393e22d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

thinning

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGhpbm5pbmc&hash=7bf46ed3917197aabacea45d66a870313bd90b22&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

deadwood

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVhZHdvb2Q&hash=ac2a32fb55251b2b0cac25e8bb74cbc1fbe53436&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

removal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVtb3ZhbA&hash=6a4bd49f77001c457b828d5c91660a33c41898e7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

to center on

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY2VudGVyIG9u&hash=18a27cc47996386269a2bc434dc9ffcc5723ce97&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

retention

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmV0ZW50aW9u&hash=aa0eba2564dcbe7f50c0ee194ee1f25b27a933a8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to classify

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY2xhc3NpZnk&hash=c250bb8a36ce202ecf2d27fe270e5d98c3eba2c5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

nutrient

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bnV0cmllbnQ&hash=498b5754a4fa91120d89ceaa9cbcbb36b228531a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to cycle

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY3ljbGU&hash=d4c44da096a86d7c13dfe5fb3ecf48c980736075&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

soil

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c29pbA&hash=19f8c5c4f8e9795c90ea2430269e537e2f290b12&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

cavity

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2F2aXR5&hash=7188911e125fc158d9bfef6e53dd80f35f82a78b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

Predator refers to a group of animals that primarily feed on other animals, known as prey, in order to survive. Predators have adaptations that enable them to locate, catch, and kill their prey, such as sharp teeth, powerful jaws, and excellent senses of sight, smell, and hearing. Some examples of predators include lions, wolves, sharks, and eagles. Predators are typically at the top of the food chain in their ecosystem and play a vital role in controlling the populations of other animals. However, human activities such as hunting and habitat destruction have threatened many predator species, leading to declines in their populations and negative effects on the environment.

What is "predator"?

predator

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJlZGF0b3I&hash=f0407c8c0eb64eda43814a56406a5a6920094236&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A woodpecker is a fascinating bird known for its distinctive behaviors and adaptations. This medium-sized avian species is found in various habitats worldwide, from forests to woodlands and even urban areas. Recognized for its unique anatomy, the woodpecker possesses a strong, chisel-like beak specially designed for drilling into tree trunks and branches. It uses this remarkable tool to excavate cavities in search of insects, and sap, or to create nesting sites. Woodpeckers also have strong neck muscles and stiff tail feathers that provide stability while pecking. Their vibrant plumage often showcases striking patterns of black, white, and various hues of red. Additionally, woodpeckers are known for their rhythmic drumming, which serves as a form of communication, territorial defense, and attracting mates.

What is a "woodpecker"?

woodpecker

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=d29vZHBlY2tlcg&hash=f642360915a77177bc83a0591604f4417e3706a3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Mammal is a warm-blooded animal that belongs to the class Mammalia. All mammals have certain defining characteristics, including the presence of hair or fur, the ability to produce milk to feed their young and three middle ear bones. Mammals are also capable of regulating their body temperature internally, which makes them well-adapted to live in a wide range of environments. There are around 5,500 species of mammals, including many familiar animals such as humans, dogs, cats, elephants, whales, and bats. Mammals play important roles in ecosystems around the world and are often key indicators of environmental health. They are also a major source of food, clothing, and other resources for humans.

What is "mammal"?

mammal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFtbWFs&hash=7f3158b9833d5d722f2401bb89b13a318b5f2608&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

resilience

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzaWxpZW5jZQ&hash=70f559999008f323c44af5b2f907da006ba57280&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

hawthorn

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGF3dGhvcm4&hash=53525d62759665f705435569c72a2dc044236ebc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to stay behind

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc3RheSBiZWhpbmQ&hash=e920d7377cd25e7307c0c2e4a7f02763b47be01a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

structural

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RydWN0dXJhbA&hash=fbc48ddf4f6eb9aa89a4e55f0a6a21393fd08110&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

diversity

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGl2ZXJzaXR5&hash=631fb9f512c9e82b20878e64c34b6e4ed12827bc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

reference

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVmZXJlbmNl&hash=b31d3ce1b668adfde6dcbaf8fd006a66f54eb9ae&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

aspect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXNwZWN0&hash=c09e5ad038e6bc69f305fa573e3902c64a2fdcb2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to contribute

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29udHJpYnV0ZQ&hash=efeee4b86eb5b748e1d8b8dabc028ab328b900ab&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

worth

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=d29ydGg&hash=28c5a1241b6ce38cf6c19e4b1df48d98d118057f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

to mention

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWVudGlvbg&hash=8d54bfd1e24444d5f5192665d317a9c855136b4f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

potential

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cG90ZW50aWFs&hash=740cd7650bc4a2f49019351ff9729334a8311805&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to run

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcnVu&hash=50863eec14f8502f3a7d579b082935ec287a1176&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

alternative

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWx0ZXJuYXRpdmU&hash=39b5e51e7465c0d4f9e56cdb6ee9f978fb389d3b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to generate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZ2VuZXJhdGU&hash=da6e6f6fd6975fd5bab251fc86f563d2976b0a9f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

across

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWNyb3Nz&hash=853973e32eeda1fe998daa14b5616a1242aa7f62&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

range

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmFuZ2U&hash=36d2598467090277c1ec6dec802a0488e9900a22&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

creature

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3JlYXR1cmU&hash=46aae7bcbef1e155efb2463646ac0dae9196e9b8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to name

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbmFtZQ&hash=0c609bca97093803ff3bd7072ee17e13748d94b5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=US

nota bene

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bm90YSBiZW5l&hash=4395e5f3086d00a1cd192273a56672a6aa57935b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

Test 1 - Czytanie - Fragment 2 (2)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademicki "Test 1 - Czytanie - Fragment 2 (2)" Słownictwo

IELTS 18 - Academic | Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic "Test 1 - Reading - Passage 2 (2)" Vocabulary