Concrete is a building material made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones or gravel. It is strong and durable when it hardens and is used in a variety of construction projects, such as buildings, roads, and bridges. Concrete can be poured into molds to form different shapes, and it is valued for its strength, versatility, and ability to withstand heavy use and harsh weather. It can also be reinforced with steel to improve its strength and resistance to cracking.

What is "concrete"?

concrete

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29uY3JldGU&hash=93e69accc45dc32f427e0b145f39bd379a876e05&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to generate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZ2VuZXJhdGU&hash=da6e6f6fd6975fd5bab251fc86f563d2976b0a9f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

carbon dioxide

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGRpb3hpZGU&hash=43548a0a4b9fc5e8cf55ffcf13f2867fed82df3d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

alternative

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWx0ZXJuYXRpdmU&hash=39b5e51e7465c0d4f9e56cdb6ee9f978fb389d3b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

substance

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3Vic3RhbmNl&hash=03230ade4ad91881e244000695300cd30eb84a7d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

greenhouse gas

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z3JlZW5ob3VzZSBnYXM&hash=4668c8275790a86bd8e35f74e9b3e0a9be337931&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Cement is a fine powder made from a mixture of minerals like limestone and clay. When mixed with water, it forms a paste that hardens over time, becoming a strong material used in construction. Cement is a key ingredient in making concrete and mortar, which are commonly used for building foundations, walls, and floors. It is known for its durability and ability to withstand pressure, making it a crucial material in both small and large-scale building projects.

What is "cement"?

cement

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2VtZW50&hash=84a024a2e6f3603613a63bbdb8677fd0fb1f8630&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to result in

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVzdWx0IGlu&hash=2a12cb0d41906f1c926293aa20052fa8785b8c18&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to estimate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZXN0aW1hdGU&hash=9a8f741a0519f3c731332230444f7f250ecc9880&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

United Nations

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=VW5pdGVkIE5hdGlvbnM&hash=b89079505cec4ef9deddc61937c95ec257d459a9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

carbon emission

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2FyYm9uIGVtaXNzaW9u&hash=4397ada9291c7e63954cc4cd3293f2faf157014c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to soar

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc29hcg&hash=c6e985a37d7d3852583a0caddd085bf5b5d0482b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

global warming

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2xvYmFsIHdhcm1pbmc&hash=1b8857b4c27c15c97718e1960ee6ac96f256d35e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to innovate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gaW5ub3ZhdGU&hash=6d4fb21bb2a9bd8bc050242d8fa3a32243b3c30c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

scramble

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NyYW1ibGU&hash=afd4ee4545dff704eee58b38e8af209fd107ddea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

commodity

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tbW9kaXR5&hash=cd752534a067b95df75728a068ab28e160d2693c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to underpin

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdW5kZXJwaW4&hash=e48f79e38968762931cfeb0839609ba52703f010&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to replace

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVwbGFjZQ&hash=a276bd5a100b03ea4127c0714b1f610a6144c436&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Engineering is the field that involves designing, building, and maintaining structures, machines, systems, or devices to solve practical problems. Engineers use scientific principles and math to create solutions that are efficient, safe, and cost-effective. They work in many areas, such as construction, technology, transportation, and energy, to improve daily life. Engineering combines creativity and technical knowledge to turn ideas into real-world applications, from bridges to computers and everything in between.

What is "engineering"?

engineering

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW5naW5lZXJpbmc&hash=d9bbc2114bd8d6060c2308835e2ef6289d4aa1e0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

extent

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW50&hash=69eda58ccdb700188ad8952f603e3246beb8b88f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

scale

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NhbGU&hash=ee626882c8fc276e9b3afa7b290612521e250806&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

manufacture

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFudWZhY3R1cmU&hash=04edebda2083236d2e4222d2480ec994f0b9f299&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

relatively

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVsYXRpdmVseQ&hash=8374fc9fc12d82f8b50883cfb03aae127361238d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

abundance

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWJ1bmRhbmNl&hash=481c0e4f41a3b1cc2cfb3995f9f285e50af1d009&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

marvelous

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFydmVsb3Vz&hash=6fca8209c6a719ef67739fc7beab1350fc92e0f9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

property

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHJvcGVydHk&hash=0c9e9c56e849dc51824e587ddc63945bddc5070d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

vital

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dml0YWw&hash=a1d884829fc3ab2e115537e2127ebcea64051d53&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

component

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29tcG9uZW50&hash=9ba3b7192ef222be3186971a2daa7f69d17e5a88&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

moldable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bW9sZGFibGU&hash=aa88b2d75ae7297b0c6f25c1fe11520cc30fa7f2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to set

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gc2V0&hash=b3954fdb35ba81eaeaed87466bfed4d0d7186303&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

thermal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGhlcm1hbA&hash=c33e85b164a5e53b35f511f9b52ce34c01f4c790&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

expansion

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXhwYW5zaW9u&hash=f3d2e03980b8c9cb21b2f03304714082c885135d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to reinforce

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVpbmZvcmNl&hash=bb9f2555e646ed7371dac1f2c568a7c0ebde98fb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

flexible

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmxleGlibGU&hash=d5a861cbac12547eb4a3f80fd5ac43351f95f4d1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

according to

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWNjb3JkaW5nIHRv&hash=ce84a2bef4316c321bcf6d139cf737ab41ecc840&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

factor

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFjdG9y&hash=aa5d883a4a253514dcfdfad67bab507da0dbc852&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to beat

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYmVhdA&hash=6dcac583d2a835eba2942396915ae04e7ea037b6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

medieval

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWVkaWV2YWw&hash=7d556e4260a039c397fc38baf01d68490e5b38c4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to drive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZHJpdmU&hash=cd61b4d63d5954464abddbe0dbcc2fad1249ecac&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

An architect is a professional who designs buildings and other structures. They plan and create detailed drawings to make sure that buildings are functional, safe, and visually pleasing. Architects work on a variety of projects, from houses and office buildings to public places and landmarks. They consider factors such as the purpose of the building, the environment, and the needs of the people who will use it. Architects often work closely with clients, engineers, and construction teams to make their designs a reality.

Who is an "architect"?

architect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXJjaGl0ZWN0&hash=e27e6ef7174c2770127b53298754122f1bd01333&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to turn to

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdHVybiB0bw&hash=ae371932867b54035a35fd86fad0ad65acb770e8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

timber

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dGltYmVy&hash=804036ca7eaf0cf6f377e4e409526ac3aa5f8fb3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

resource

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzb3VyY2U&hash=ef1ccbcee5830e7bd2244efeadc4571544dc6492&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

emergence

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW1lcmdlbmNl&hash=ba19bf745be00238e9284b85c2a9950c378aa6ce&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to construct

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY29uc3RydWN0&hash=e1dcb8f7799b0525f9ab5ea150ad5a12c9c5b959&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

entirely

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW50aXJlbHk&hash=e83c03298f9388cd3318e9a6d8441f317a69b22c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

moisture

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bW9pc3R1cmU&hash=1860f5afa83bf7bc61d5f0694ca38e3208a643e6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

susceptible

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VzY2VwdGlibGU&hash=3d61be3e816472baa3991f8296c6c8c68d69f142&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A pest is a destructive creature that causes harm or annoyance to humans, their property, crops, or livestock. These can include insects such as mosquitoes, termites, and cockroaches that spread disease, damage crops, or invade homes, as well as larger animals such as rodents that can destroy property and carry diseases. While some pests can be controlled through natural methods, such as introducing predators or using repellents, others require more aggressive measures such as pesticides or extermination.

What is a "pest"?

pest

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGVzdA&hash=17b40bd2bfa161b66d857a239904317d37683627&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to treat

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdHJlYXQ&hash=9abcb597bcba8cd5ce21f12e10f0cdbc42700bf4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

cross

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jvc3M&hash=a19e94abf5d0196f9a111d425e1d089892d7315e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to laminate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbGFtaW5hdGU&hash=4f3b4ccc0c5060bcb4e831ba4ed63bab36493f60&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

An adhesive is a substance used to attach materials together by forming a strong connection between surfaces. It can come in various forms, such as glue, tape, or paste, and is designed to create a lasting hold. Adhesives are commonly used in a wide range of situations, from crafts and household repairs to industrial and construction projects.

What is an "adhesive"?

adhesive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWRoZXNpdmU&hash=4aa82161640e6a496d69e30b7b0fbebc341cd6bf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

crosswise

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3Jvc3N3aXNl&hash=5fd13ca928f3404cd9db53597c43930a8bec8442&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

building block

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YnVpbGRpbmcgYmxvY2s&hash=20373e0718674dca2ece8e05951d8f036060f49b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

supplier

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VwcGxpZXI&hash=d61abddf06646f0d1024fd171375bc1c0cd3e01e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

vice president

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dmljZSBwcmVzaWRlbnQ&hash=31a4866735f2728e380385442ef8fb906151eea4&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

demand

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVtYW5k&hash=38940539410bb0a6a4e1b32488624c9644844434&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

driver

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZHJpdmVy&hash=f6f9c6fbc00b9a75404ae7f0d54e76ba64366900&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to aggravate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWdncmF2YXRl&hash=ad83fcb918298aa92e17321db237bcb536e0e101&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

pourable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cG91cmFibGU&hash=5db51f63c705a2a98d6b9613e4fcfced1a2d1bc3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

engineered

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZW5naW5lZXJlZA&hash=0aecbe81dd806fd72b380102ba37435331350d86&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 1 (1)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademicki "Test 3 - Czytanie - Fragment 1 (1)" Słownictwo

IELTS 18 - Academic | Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)

Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic "Test 3 - Reading - Passage 1 (1)" Vocabulary