influence

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW5mbHVlbmNl&hash=371e7ab118e4d2524aeb10b40c63c35c02b9227a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to advance

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWR2YW5jZQ&hash=ab8da52013726dac0353bd14ce89e19b21c347c7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

contact

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29udGFjdA&hash=a1b56ba168bc03d9c0a75bb84c4fe0f3addc5e59&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

study

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3R1ZHk&hash=6d25a05251404418f011025bfc7ab2fd7593434f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

observation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b2JzZXJ2YXRpb24&hash=9d5664a6f9ac7488dd3b83fc1214320d263f6444&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

extensive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW5zaXZl&hash=b6d53e12edb6bea8947534cee61d9ee0f5aadd7f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

speculation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3BlY3VsYXRpb24&hash=55494dfd2e3edc143208c53d2e27e49f0ad24328&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

parallel

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGFyYWxsZWw&hash=ddcb11f9608f03524d63fdd6fc3f55d2208d6442&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

A biographer is a person who writes detailed accounts of other people's lives. They research and gather information about their subjects, including personal experiences, achievements, and significant events. The goal of a biographer is to present a comprehensive and insightful portrayal of their subject, often highlighting their impact and contributions to society. Biographers use various sources such as interviews, documents, and historical records to create an accurate and engaging narrative.

Who is a "biographer"?

biographer

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YmlvZ3JhcGhlcg&hash=51490aa27414bcb01ac85a1edc1a6763aba252d5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

accurate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWNjdXJhdGU&hash=c5b085f3b07b40a5efba50be48ec9da58453c312&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to [take] shape

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGFrZSBzaGFwZQ&hash=efc0bc8081b25eb3dfbb1834ca7443b017a3d7ef&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to evolve

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZXZvbHZl&hash=3ab17eb073ccb0d1a4915046162f3f514ce998de&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

firmly

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmlybWx5&hash=bd09412ce37eade5a799900f9fca1c54488053eb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to [be] of the opinion that

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYmUgb2YgdGhlIG9waW5pb24gdGhhdA&hash=bb20b5eb9c01bf0db39d32ad6ec9e33c82f301e2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

sense

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2Vuc2U&hash=4ed8873697f07228028dd927f31e1d36c18fc2e7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

apparent

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwYXJlbnQ&hash=834addc2efc647deb364a1b029d0bc6822c4f3b9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

retrospectively

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmV0cm9zcGVjdGl2ZWx5&hash=5f624bd77d426835803d748156c52dc73d270eb0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

happenstance

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFwcGVuc3RhbmNl&hash=47620a2d4f3ad6dba75087501b1df16e0033d5b5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

coherent

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y29oZXJlbnQ&hash=bc2b83310a415aa6660c9eee37ef5a0619beba5f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

a narrative is a structured representation of events, situations, or processes that is crafted to align with a specific set of aims or values. These narratives are not merely descriptive; they are often constructed to support particular ideologies, influence public perception, or advance a political agenda. For instance, a political narrative might highlight certain achievements or downplay negative aspects to create a favorable image of a policy or leader. Similarly, in sociology, narratives can shape societal understanding by framing issues like inequality or social change in a way that reflects the values and goals of a particular group or institution. Essentially, narratives in these fields serve to guide interpretations and actions by presenting information in a way that conforms to overarching objectives.

What is a "narrative"?

narrative

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bmFycmF0aXZl&hash=c0be8192151db2fa8268cc52fcee6600569a67fc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to dispute

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGlzcHV0ZQ&hash=3fc735605b095869eda960fc059a0af7083aa860&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to defend

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGVmZW5k&hash=4c137ebeb370bcd90c2f366082182b519c227d84&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

respected

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzcGVjdGVk&hash=15000f1ccc0cb1664da0fa10d20df22e7a3a6474&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

publication

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cHVibGljYXRpb24&hash=9c10d21a1ef942d246d851c61a7c4d0e42e316fa&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to rely on

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVseSBvbg&hash=29f5253ce058a7a830e43caf6b8db096bfbc2cf0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

range

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmFuZ2U&hash=36d2598467090277c1ec6dec802a0488e9900a22&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

modest

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bW9kZXN0&hash=9038b105d9da1bab4a5869d38ab6626dddc0251c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

vast

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dmFzdA&hash=7523bca9f2a18aeb10544f30627e5d4f15ac7019&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

record-breaking

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVjb3JkLWJyZWFraW5n&hash=a9468a34a88090bfc6e8a314227365e1068cda2d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

debate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGViYXRl&hash=6df0f1e771602bf69575f6e24c784856e1c03ce2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

hazardous

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGF6YXJkb3Vz&hash=287c4a4b92894519174373bee6175ef1c0b4a88e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

perspective

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGVyc3BlY3RpdmU&hash=b1ed066d48fb1e7b2f9472ad22f2bd963b4b0767&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

desirable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGVzaXJhYmxl&hash=19f46ca020366bca34bf027e07bb50db1d434423&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to indicate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gaW5kaWNhdGU&hash=c565527d141f83d266876bd6a54f449f1d24bbe8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

particularly

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGFydGljdWxhcmx5&hash=b4b62b517ec85526a703ae51b72813208bdfa5cb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

ambitious

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YW1iaXRpb3Vz&hash=201c7db652d6f6f746dcc5e05ffffe117967efcf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to adopt

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWRvcHQ&hash=6bebf1cb35c2607935ba77c415de11fe91ebf478&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to doubt

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZG91YnQ&hash=42391ed8b922e4e745a75d458bf774a91a4b9ccd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to ensure

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZW5zdXJl&hash=7f70d57526af135fc5fbb42306fe81276a938eea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

sufficient

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VmZmljaWVudA&hash=2ae7f40785d1dfc66d65e90033612c2d55062ad3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

guide

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z3VpZGU&hash=659883edda801a31eb6446d0423d7e5ea9351005&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to [make] sense

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWFrZSBzZW5zZQ&hash=882cd368f8cd82d3722b43164ddc7413998c7f3d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to urge

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdXJnZQ&hash=17fd7230776d616837c9c66f17b543c1c2e3bf35&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

interruption

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW50ZXJydXB0aW9u&hash=9810d0d3a1f7e6f58752411dc0a71d56169873ad&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

change of mind

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2hhbmdlIG9mIG1pbmQ&hash=a29837b0736cf631e507b65366210e8c4a77e610&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

renewed

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVuZXdlZA&hash=f00fdb235873dc4cca1182506e8afde22a8e9ecc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to entail

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZW50YWls&hash=76d3cf47b976fbfeb2099e9e017ef2eab5d96ce2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

to publish

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcHVibGlzaA&hash=aff96b982289d3d794f70a92ed1735415fc6b311&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

exception

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXhjZXB0aW9u&hash=66224e4cb8555fcd4f4ac46f4de22a1312b3bb44&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

Here you can find the vocabulary from Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2) in the Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic coursebook, to help you prepare for your IELTS exam.

Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 3 (2)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Akademicki "Test 4 - Czytanie - Fragment 3 (2)" Słownictwo

IELTS 18 - Academic | Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)

Cambridge IELTS 18 - Academic "Test 4 - Reading - Passage 3 (2)" Vocabulary