attempt

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXR0ZW1wdA&hash=9ad635c935b0650d18997b2cae25d2baf0fe6d33&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXR0ZW1wdA&hash=cbee0f80d9a022b4183460691cedeed149b840ca&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to domesticate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZG9tZXN0aWNhdGU&hash=b759b36e91a2c9479862690f6eccf0a25ce7ad87&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZG9tZXN0aWNhdGU&hash=4ca1e038910b8dda7ec2e492897ec4019f72a227&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to cultivate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY3VsdGl2YXRl&hash=9d2c96b5241798fd7567610dc2061faa6839d0a2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY3VsdGl2YXRl&hash=c9ecd508d981d69b7a12074a91404d17131e2563&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

nutritious

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bnV0cml0aW91cw&hash=182c179042ef480e5e2233931326798afaf9d63b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bnV0cml0aW91cw&hash=e214f54b506fefb2d94c6b4ff0066ca967be955b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to rely on

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVseSBvbg&hash=29f5253ce058a7a830e43caf6b8db096bfbc2cf0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVseSBvbg&hash=28e6c57e5333ed298ae9c8bf598abe6cb6d89adf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

revolutionary

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmV2b2x1dGlvbmFyeQ&hash=8eddfabc59a62f79611e7eb923e00e99d2df233d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmV2b2x1dGlvbmFyeQ&hash=54bb9eb6dbc270f7b20ff4e45319679df544c832&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

genome

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2Vub21l&hash=210addf6f823bcdd0c22baea4621b386a942b481&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2Vub21l&hash=8ce39cea13fbf3795cd18bf0b6e5d89b65cde3b7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. DNA is made of two long, twisted strands that form a spiral shape, and it carries the hereditary information used to build and maintain an organism. Each segment of DNA, called a gene, provides instructions for making specific proteins that influence traits and manage various bodily functions. DNA is found in the cells of all living things and is passed from parents to children, directing growth and development.

What is "deoxyribonucleic acid"?

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=RE5B&hash=1520266da574bdac36936d5762852b685d60a91a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=RE5B&hash=25620c1d3a3addef699bc191ff8dfb05ac281142&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

A cell is the basic structural and functional unit that forms the foundation of all living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out essential processes, such as metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli. Cells have specialized structures and organelles that enable them to perform specific functions, such as the nucleus containing genetic material, mitochondria producing energy, and the cell membrane regulating the exchange of substances. Together, cells make up various tissues, organs, and systems, working harmoniously to maintain the body's structure, function, and overall health.

What is a "cell"?

cell

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2VsbA&hash=058a6f4d199e4625771305c3e3250b290551b423&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y2VsbA&hash=4815b503775346a5b03efd2840b5275881dabbd1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to alter

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWx0ZXI&hash=739a13a0716a8f441beffa81a431fda210decd64&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWx0ZXI&hash=983524d048c82b868a79fa78459514a0c8301cbe&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

crop

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3JvcA&hash=268aab12e6bb643756eb475ab7db95a1bbd282fa&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Y3JvcA&hash=d870f5820e8f7f9bd664c5abce5b8726480212be&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

appealing

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwZWFsaW5n&hash=4d4f37d4ad142384afacab20d6990b701b0d4a0e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YXBwZWFsaW5n&hash=0fddca77ec75481b1cd21d05e0c162e4be36630a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

fast-track

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFzdC10cmFjaw&hash=bc5c6397df38b8a57dd12e662c87590eaf77e4a2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZmFzdC10cmFjaw&hash=9e8c5c574216d1dc7469182a1755d9c16d5182fd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

supply

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VwcGx5&hash=fb587c729900ed9d95197b732df305989d8f0bdf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3VwcGx5&hash=37ba9dd85bbb973b4a5786b37fbb4451369bd637&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

resistant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzaXN0YW50&hash=a802b5fa584f18474cfe146eec55596458b34e6a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVzaXN0YW50&hash=0a29e1e8ed2691b77c19cc7d302a488e8820fb49&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to devastate

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGV2YXN0YXRl&hash=90bfb29c7b51c376f0a6aec03d2a1ac4c4037577&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gZGV2YXN0YXRl&hash=d7e0aa54c1ca77a95cffd391271011365b5ab630&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

edible

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZWRpYmxl&hash=63792a5a5237e0309646015821564f229b3a9ed5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZWRpYmxl&hash=92bd5600ca04961d491206caba1c5b39b83722af&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

Maize, also known as corn, is a versatile grain with distinctive features such as its vibrant yellow color, plump kernels, and sweet taste. It has a slightly chewy texture and a delightful crunch when cooked or roasted. Maize can be enjoyed in various forms, from steamed or grilled cobs to popped kernels for snacks. Its natural sweetness adds a pleasant flavor to dishes, making it a popular ingredient in savory and sweet recipes alike. With its versatility and comforting taste, maize is a staple in many cuisines around the world.

What is "maize"?

maize

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFpemU&hash=2357a40f3be488cbea15513ab54839e4d567a944&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFpemU&hash=ba8c39eb1de08df2beabbe297efaabea61b67d78&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

mutation

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bXV0YXRpb24&hash=4c89914bb6f9e485126b638b2773850c89f88028&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bXV0YXRpb24&hash=aff88ddc206d6bab5c83e06e440a7a855ce9be75&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

trait

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJhaXQ&hash=47853bdfa9fb60280cbb1271cf852c62cc4fc7a0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJhaXQ&hash=cc9d097f5f2afd485794428a25b0ebc0f86ba192&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

diversity

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGl2ZXJzaXR5&hash=631fb9f512c9e82b20878e64c34b6e4ed12827bc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZGl2ZXJzaXR5&hash=6d03f7fe302a3f32680045af57bb54ae78454908&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

strain

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RyYWlu&hash=9d495c56dc2c84683449506d556ba634d0abf2fc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RyYWlu&hash=40b6ebcd5b119e38719a7531bfb2afab7fab7a54&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to work out

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gd29yayBvdXQ&hash=0153421be84a90d0b045263b1d0bdb3d874fa05d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gd29yayBvdXQ&hash=f7fd5dd28b6547e1457e25138994e29a2de12e41&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to reintroduce

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVpbnRyb2R1Y2U&hash=7b501fb2949e4a17164437219676539f4f1ef77d&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmVpbnRyb2R1Y2U&hash=9d6bb332ecdf82906b512f58647a12419c497f3c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

The phrase "from scratch" originated as a cooking term, meaning to start a recipe using only basic ingredients like flour, sugar, and eggs. It implies that the cook is making everything from the very beginning, rather than using a pre-made mix or other shortcuts. Over time, the phrase has come to be used more broadly to describe starting any sort of project or task with no prior preparation or assistance. It suggests that the person or team must start with the very basics and build up from there.

What is the origin of the idiom "from scratch" and when to use it?

from scratch

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZnJvbSBzY3JhdGNo&hash=71237f22abdd0b390be25889ebb49edd1a4a5cb5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZnJvbSBzY3JhdGNo&hash=d4bea0e529bf2a1eacf375be088e5d661b7b7d70&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

structure

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RydWN0dXJl&hash=d62549715463f9c50e3a3063eca788fe57caa9c8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RydWN0dXJl&hash=e1a13866e0a2c1b3403285ba38cb65dc93a67495&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to pass down

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGFzcyBkb3du&hash=790d04d19419beb858f54340a7f79fcc93252ffb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcGFzcyBkb3du&hash=6c1aa276b3251cfc2b6f7acc59c879f64ed5b7de&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

pigment

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGlnbWVudA&hash=53bdc359caa31703ad65a84c9265aff802ec04fa&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cGlnbWVudA&hash=6bbc989feefd29fd56f7fbd65ccf3a46b62ecf71&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to boost

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYm9vc3Q&hash=2d8bc592448659f6dc50873fba6eba13c7543347&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYm9vc3Q&hash=7802f8e5d435054c5d0b006a2753365562b015bd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

tolerant

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG9sZXJhbnQ&hash=6a19b397842a2aed7407c9ab1560f5069f224017&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG9sZXJhbnQ&hash=fc650313c1c1112c49f707a8ec30105fbd6c51b9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

extent

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW50&hash=69eda58ccdb700188ad8952f603e3246beb8b88f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZXh0ZW50&hash=e4c2ae1740cb23bdc972dc080c66bbbdbde45b38&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

sprawling

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3ByYXdsaW5n&hash=afe26d46da878aa6472772fb1c44019c9cdb36b0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3ByYXdsaW5n&hash=284f64afad5e76d6501e8b3c47ab0856de449d1f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

habit

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFiaXQ&hash=42a15ab22076d07309074a2e5fbd6748021cfea0&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aGFiaXQ&hash=b509f4330602dad6925b8b89b05b7132bdef4daf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

licence

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGljZW5jZQ&hash=113291be26bdbf7c7609dd87e00753d187cc7481&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bGljZW5jZQ&hash=f40f3eb98ea7ac064db9dd1c1e82b0c519fb1d70&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

regulatory

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVndWxhdG9yeQ&hash=4b62d6cfcfa93608ecd88cb45ffd17fe25226c61&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=cmVndWxhdG9yeQ&hash=a43a9c3b2fc99994263d8dd9faa6f52025b15dcf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

obscure

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b2JzY3VyZQ&hash=0b93cd5c12fe4b9304b4aeacd7059d90d9296e01&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=b2JzY3VyZQ&hash=60b02d711cd0b7a3a2dfca6fc6417c9551f4dc3e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

staple

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RhcGxl&hash=5596ed86fe74fcfd615e2f420237d3ff1883630e&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c3RhcGxl&hash=d2360e5e48fbccf8eb30529163f1fb7d570e9204&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

mainstream

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFpbnN0cmVhbQ&hash=08b779f63bdb7b699cbe6de9d60efc13b3146c84&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bWFpbnN0cmVhbQ&hash=f28b68905e11ffd572fb1bd146726bb44039bff5&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

drought

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZHJvdWdodA&hash=d60f6d2d2f3f70f86061fd8aedc7041a033fb661&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=ZHJvdWdodA&hash=53969656a751ca2fddfc7930f6795ab4acb11568&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to thrive

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGhyaXZl&hash=8e8d53e50a8332da3051ae34faf0c1c1ffd4eb2b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gdGhyaXZl&hash=46146fe27107ba3671c98271231d67f2bfc13116&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to reveal

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmV2ZWFs&hash=f49c5c1933c1ccff185ce12a3c256883129928fd&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gcmV2ZWFs&hash=0623090afa2f5c3d9cf9b95f049eb38197484a38&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

nota bene

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bm90YSBiZW5l&hash=4395e5f3086d00a1cd192273a56672a6aa57935b&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=bm90YSBiZW5l&hash=bbcfab019e64452e1d1f3bbf01e8c67d910c9dfe&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

infection

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW5mZWN0aW9u&hash=a02ee09a7a342f71f8cc3d80401164538ffa9b9c&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW5mZWN0aW9u&hash=a03f96bbb5e61a49894510530bc605ed7d03e5eb&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to arise

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYXJpc2U&hash=2d74f97643ea995e2e7eadee69420dcc3e3265b7&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYXJpc2U&hash=f95e1876a6abe49bd5b74da7eb135e3a9f4674db&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

genetically

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VuZXRpY2FsbHk&hash=aafe183bcdcbb82a0035d1f2ef936889e91c80a3&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=Z2VuZXRpY2FsbHk&hash=2a0d712d5d19bf9e5558d5459e97ff5b7b21ce85&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to adapt

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWRhcHQ&hash=a93043982b099d3400146ce62412829876451459&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWRhcHQ&hash=3b70cb4d7ebede443f07f0dda2519469764538d6&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

scale

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NhbGU&hash=ee626882c8fc276e9b3afa7b290612521e250806&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=c2NhbGU&hash=d6d6fe8faf603b8a2d2e7d678f460d90680ad127&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

advisable

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWR2aXNhYmxl&hash=ef74f28f7bf2c914614856b18b6a38b9724e2de8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=YWR2aXNhYmxl&hash=d69e602d6112602470129f1920928998182baf61&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to modify

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbW9kaWZ5&hash=356947df6dbef6443803842b66f878512a339cbc&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbW9kaWZ5&hash=fc6ab58ec0a899d9c02085f030405a440f35362f&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to affect

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWZmZWN0&hash=a1457ab22b741fa1f68f93fb33974444ffed35c8&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYWZmZWN0&hash=33e94309324a89b7e63a594b5dad3693eefb5ef1&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to mimic

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWltaWM&hash=96acb5254f678a17adf39d3714774d2e7b5776ea&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gbWltaWM&hash=108d8360d133ca23e80a069bb796248b7d4a3b43&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to breed

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYnJlZWQ&hash=773de94c623c4672297b6de7495aa6371a33a32a&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gYnJlZWQ&hash=79982569b3c6e9031bfa21a638c74638705d8b41&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

truss

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJ1c3M&hash=bca5d075c9d47efc7bfcd02775e5eccec25952a2&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dHJ1c3M&hash=d65cf940597efbe7967e648635de5f767731cd62&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

to catapult

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY2F0YXB1bHQ&hash=738c1b7f42fe9bd0e66127de11d262b011ea7aaf&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=dG8gY2F0YXB1bHQ&hash=59cd56c7594ce417036fce19b57d0385eb226770&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

in  {one's} sights

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW4gIG9uZSdzIHNpZ2h0cw&hash=2b6f88343bf4fa6c298d4dafdbbbf73827befaf9&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts

https://tts.langeek.co/read?text=aW4gIG9uZSdzIHNpZ2h0cw&hash=a432006ab0839fa15a681cda0164baeb50576837&lang=en&cache-only=0&driver=googletts&accent=GB

Learn vocabulary from Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic, Test 2 Reading Passage 2, and review useful words and expressions from this reading text.

Słownictwo do testu akademickiego 2, tekstu czytania 2, Cambridge IELTS 17