Monomania refers to an obsession or fixation on a single idea, subject, or object, and ignoring all others. Individuals with monomania may become extremely preoccupied with a particular topic or pursuit, often to the point that it causes harm to other aspects of their life. This intense focus can lead to difficulties in maintaining relationships, pursuing other interests, or functioning effectively in daily activities. While monomania is not considered a formal mental disorder, it can still have significant impact on an individual's well-being and they may benefit from therapeutic treatments to broaden their focus and improving overall balance in life.

What is "monomania"?

monomania

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Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually during the fall and winter months when daylight hours are shorter. People with SAD may experience symptoms such as low mood, lack of energy, oversleeping, overeating, and difficulty concentrating. These symptoms typically improve as the seasons change and daylight hours increase in the spring and summer. The exact cause of SAD is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to changes in light exposure, which can disturb the body's internal clock and mood-controlling hormones. Treatment for SAD often involves light therapy, where individuals are exposed to bright artificial light to mimic natural sunlight, as well as other therapies such as medication and counseling.

What is "seasonal affective disorder"?

‌seasonal affective disorder

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Postpartum depression is a type of mood disorder that affects some individuals after giving birth. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue, which can interfere with daily activities and bonding with the newborn. Postpartum depression can make it difficult for parents to care for themselves and their baby, and it can harm relationships. It is important for those experiencing postpartum depression to seek help from healthcare providers, as treatment options such as therapy, support groups, and medication are available to help manage symptoms and support recovery.

What is "postpartum depression"?

postpartum depression

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anorexia

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anorexic

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maladjusted

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterized by obsessive concern with flaws in physical appearance, which are often minor or imagined. Individuals with BDD may spend excessive amounts of time closely inspecting their appearance, comparing themselves to others, and seeking reassurance about their imagined flaws. This concern causes significant distress and can lead to avoidance of social situations, depression, and reduced functioning in daily life. Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder typically involves therapy to help individuals challenge and change false beliefs about their appearance, as well as medication in some cases.

What is "body dysmorphic disorder"?

body dysmorphic disorder

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Megalomania is a mental health condition characterized by an exaggerated sense of power, importance, or wealth. People with megalomania often believe themselves to be superior or more powerful than others. They may dream about achieving greatness or having unlimited success, influence, or wealth. This condition can lead to behaviors such as arrogance, making themselves seem bigger, and an indifference for others' feelings or needs. Treatment may involve therapy to address underlying issues and help individuals recognize their unrealistic beliefs and behaviors.

What is "megalomania"?

megalomania

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Shock therapy, also known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), is a treatment that involves the use of electrical shocks to cause controlled seizures in the brain. This technique can ease the symptoms of serious mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia, especially when other treatments have not been effective. Patients are usually numb or unconscious during shock therapy to reduce discomfort. Even though the exact way this treatment works is not fully understood, it is known to have a significant impact on brain chemistry and function, leading to improvements in mood and mental health.

What is "shock therapy"?

shock therapy

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Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a disconnection from reality, which can include hallucinations, delusions, and confused thinking. Hallucinations involve seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there, while delusions are false beliefs that are firmly believed in despite evidence to the contrary. People experiencing psychosis may also have disorganized thoughts and speech, as well as difficulty concentrating or focusing. Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe depression, or it can be caused by substance abuse or medical conditions. Treatment typically involves medication, therapy, and support to manage symptoms and improve functioning.

What is "psychosis"?

psychosis

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Melancholia is a mental health condition characterized by constant feelings of sadness, emptiness, and hopelessness. People with melancholia may experience a lack of interest or pleasure in activities they once enjoyed, changes in appetite or weight, problems with sleep patterns, and low energy levels. These symptoms can significantly harm daily functioning and may be accompanied by physical problems such as headaches or digestive issues. Melancholia can be a symptom of major depressive disorder or occur on its own as a separate condition. Treatment typically involves therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being.

What is "melancholia"?

melancholia

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An inferiority complex is a feeling of not being good enough or valuable, even when evidence suggests otherwise. Individuals with an inferiority complex may constantly compare themselves to others and believe they are inferior or less capable in various aspects of life. This belief can lead to feelings of insecurity, self-doubt, and a lack of confidence in one's abilities. It may also influence behavior, causing individuals to seek validation or try too hard in certain areas to prove their worthiness. Therapy, self-reflection, and building self-esteem are common approaches to overcoming an inferiority complex.

What is an "inferiority complex"?

inferiority complex

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Breakdown describes a severe decline in mental health characterized by an inability to function normally. It can involve intense emotional distress, difficulty thinking clearly, and problems in daily functioning. Symptoms may include overwhelming sadness, anxiety, confusion, or feeling lost. In some cases, breakdowns may show up as episodes with hallucinations or delusions. Treatment typically involves immediate help, like hospitalization or focused therapy, to support the person and address underlying mental health issues.

What is a "breakdown"?

breakdown

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Catatonia is a mental health condition marked by problems in movement and behavior. People with catatonia may show a range of symptoms, including being still for long periods or moving around excessively without purpose. Other symptoms can include not speaking, repeating what others say, copying others' movements, and unusual postures. Catatonia can happen in various mental health problems, such as schizophrenia or mood disorders, or because of medical issues or substance use. Treatment usually involves dealing with the root cause and may include medication and supportive therapy to manage symptoms and improve functioning.

What is "catatonia"?

catatonia

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Pyromania is a mental health condition characterized by a repeated and intense urge to set fires. Individuals with pyromania may feel a fascination or attraction to fire and experience pleasure, satisfaction, or relief when setting fires or witnessing their effects. This behavior is not motivated by the gain of wealth, revenge, or political ideology but rather by an impulse or need to start fires. Pyromania can lead to significant distress and problems in daily functioning, as well as present serious risks to the individual and others' safety. Treatment typically involves therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals manage their impulses, develop coping strategies, and address underlying emotional issues contributing to the behavior.

What is "pyromania"?

pyromania

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Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by repeated impulses to steal items that are not needed for personal use or for their value. People with kleptomania often experience tension before stealing, followed by feelings of relief or satisfaction afterward. Unlike typical stealing, individuals with kleptomania may steal items they do not need or want, often feeling shame, guilt, or regret afterward. The behavior is typically impulsive and not motivated by anger or revenge. Treatment may involve therapy, medication, and support groups to help individuals manage urges and address underlying emotional issues.

What is "kleptomania"?

kleptomania

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Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a condition where a person is overly worried about having a serious illness despite having little or no medical evidence to support it. Individuals with hypochondria often mistake normal bodily sensations as signs of a serious medical condition, leading to constant anxiety and obsession with health concerns. This excessive worry can significantly interfere with daily life, causing distress and reduced functioning. Treatment usually involves therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals challenge their irrational health-related fears and learn coping strategies to manage anxiety.

What is "hypochondria"?

hypochondria

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Neurosis is a mental condition characterized by constant anxiety, worry, and stress that is not caused by physical illness. People experiencing neurosis may feel constantly tense or overwhelmed by their emotions. This condition can interfere with daily functioning and overall well-being, leading to difficulties in managing responsibilities, relationships, and self-care. Treatment for neurosis often involves therapy to help individuals understand and cope with their anxious thoughts and behaviors, as well as develop healthy coping strategies to reduce stress and improve quality of life.

What is "neurosis"?

neurosis

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Orthorexia nervosa is often described as an unhealthy obsession with eating healthy or "clean" foods to the extent that it interferes with daily life and overall well-being. Individuals with orthorexia nervosa may become overly concerned with the quality and purity of their food, avoiding certain food groups or ingredients they believe to be unhealthy or impure. This obsession with healthy eating can lead to extreme dietary restrictions, social isolation, and negative impacts on physical and psychological health. While orthorexia nervosa may share some similarities with other eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, it is not currently classified as a distinct mental health disorder. However, it is still important to address concerns about unhealthy eating behaviors and seek support from a healthcare professional if necessary.

WHat is "orthorexia nervosa"?

orthorexia nervosa

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psychotic

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self-mutilation

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psychosomatic

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manic-depressive

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A persecution complex is a psychological condition characterized by an irrational belief that one is being mistreated, oppressed, or punished by others. Individuals with a persecution complex may interpret neutral or harmless interactions as evidence of mistreatment or a scheme against them. This belief often leads to feelings of paranoia, resentment, and unfriendliness towards others, as well as a sense of being a victim. While some individuals may have experienced genuine mistreatment or oppression in the past, a persecution complex involves an exaggerated or false sense of punishment that is not based on reality. Treatment for a persecution complex may involve therapy to challenge and change these beliefs, as well as addressing any underlying issues contributing to the condition.

What is a "persecution complex"?

persecution complex

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Psychoanalysis is a mental health treatment approach where trained professionals, called psychoanalysts, help individuals explore their inner thoughts and emotions to understand and address mental issues. This method typically involves sessions where patients freely discuss their thoughts, feelings, and dreams. By examining inner conflicts and past experiences, psychoanalysis aims to provide understanding, resolve inner conflicts, and ease symptoms related to anxiety, depression, and personality disorders. Psychoanalysis is a thorough and long-term treatment approach that requires significant effort from both the patient and the psychoanalyst. It is a valuable method in psychotherapy for gaining deeper self-understanding and achieving emotional healing.

What is "psychoanalysis"?

psychoanalysis

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Psychiatry is a branch of medicine focused on diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental disorders. Psychiatrists, specialists in this field, evaluate patients' mental health through interviews, observations, and psychological tests. They provide various treatments, including medication management, psychotherapy, and other therapeutic treatments, to help individuals manage symptoms and improve their overall well-being. Psychiatry addresses a wide range of conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. Psychiatrists also collaborate with other healthcare professionals to provide thorough care for patients with mental health concerns.

What is "psychiatry"?

psychiatry

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterized by difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD may have trouble focusing, staying organized, and controlling their impulses. Symptoms can vary widely and may include forgetfulness, difficulty following instructions, excessive talking, fidgeting, difficulty waiting or taking turns, and interrupting others. ADHD can impact academic performance, social interactions, and daily functioning. The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood but is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and behavior management techniques to help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for effective management of ADHD.

What is "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"?

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Psychotherapy is a form of treatment for mental health conditions that involves talking with a trained therapist. It aims to help individuals understand their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors better, and to develop strategies to manage them effectively. Psychotherapy can address various issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship problems, without relying on medication. It is a process where the therapist works together with the individual to provide support and guidance for improving mental well-being and personal growth.

What is "psychotherapy"?

psychotherapy

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Here you will learn some English words about mental health and disorders, such as "kleptomania", "BDD", "psychosis", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

Palavras relacionadas a "Saúde Mental e Transtornos" | Vocabulário avançado para o TOEFL