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catharsis
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neurosis
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dissociation
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cognitive behavioral therapy
5-
psyche
6-
psychosis
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body dysmorphic disorder
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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borderline personality disorder
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dissociative identity disorder
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coping mechanism
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defense mechanism
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abreaction
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gestalt
16-
bipolar disorder
17-
hypochondria
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kleptomania
19-
latent content
20-
masochism
21-
narcissism
22-
Oedipus complex
23-
psychosomatic disorder
24-
rationalization
25-
condensation
26-
Freudian slip
catharsis
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(catarse (psicologia))

(catarse (psicologia))

catarse

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/kəˈθɑɹsəs/
substantivo

(psychology) the process of relieving a complex by bringing it to consciousness and directly addressing it

synonymabreaction
synonymkatharsis
example
Exemplo
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After months of stress and anxiety, she found catharsis in painting, using art as an outlet for her feelings.
Talking to a therapist about his past traumas brought him a much-needed sense of catharsis and emotional relief.
Watching a powerful drama or tragedy in a theater can lead to catharsis, as viewers experience a release of pent-up emotions through the characters' experiences.
neurosis
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neurose

neurose

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/nʊˈɹoʊsəs/
substantivo

a mental condition that is not caused by organic disease in which one is constantly anxious, worried, and stressed

synonymneuroticism
synonympsychoneurosis
example
Exemplo
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Neurosis often manifests as chronic anxiety, obsessive behaviors, or phobias that interfere with daily functioning.
Unlike psychosis, neurosis does not involve a loss of contact with reality, but it can still significantly impact mental health.
People with neurosis may experience excessive worry and stress over minor issues, affecting their overall quality of life.
What is "neurosis"?

Neurosis is a mental condition characterized by constant anxiety, worry, and stress that is not caused by physical illness. People experiencing neurosis may feel constantly tense or overwhelmed by their emotions. This condition can interfere with daily functioning and overall well-being, leading to difficulties in managing responsibilities, relationships, and self-care. Treatment for neurosis often involves therapy to help individuals understand and cope with their anxious thoughts and behaviors, as well as develop healthy coping strategies to reduce stress and improve quality of life.

Informações Gramaticais:

Forma plural
neuroses
dissociation
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dissociação

dissociação

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/dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/
substantivo

a psychological and neurological process involving a separation or disconnection of thoughts, memories, identity, or consciousness, often as a response to trauma or stress

synonymdisassociation
example
Exemplo
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Dissociation is a complex phenomenon that involves alterations in consciousness, perception, and self-awareness.
Dissociation can lead to memory gaps or amnesia, where individuals may forget significant portions of their experiences.
Dissociation is commonly associated with conditions like dissociative identity disorder, where distinct personality states emerge.
cognitive behavioral therapy
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(psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental)

(psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental)

terapia cognitivo-comportamental

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/kˈɑːɡnɪtˌɪv bɪhˈeɪvjɚɹəl θˈɛɹəpi/
substantivo

a psychotherapy that targets negative thoughts and behaviors to address mental health issues

example
Exemplo
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Many people with anxiety and depression find significant relief through cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches coping strategies and problem-solving skills.
Cognitive behavioral therapy can be conducted in individual or group settings, and often includes homework assignments to practice new skills outside of sessions.
During cognitive behavioral therapy sessions, clients learn to challenge irrational beliefs and replace them with more realistic and positive ones.
What is "cognitive behavioral therapy"?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of talk therapy that helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors. It is used to treat a variety of mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and stress. During CBT sessions, a therapist works with the individual to recognize harmful thoughts, challenge them, and replace them with more positive and realistic ones. The goal of CBT is to improve emotional well-being and develop healthier ways of thinking and behaving.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
psyche
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(alma)

(alma)

psique

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/ˈsaɪki/
substantivo

the entirety of the human mind, including conscious and unconscious elements, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

synonymsoul
example
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The study of the psyche extends to fields such as neuropsychology, examining the relationship between brain function and mental processes.
Understanding the psyche is essential in clinical psychology to address mental health issues and disorders.
Psychologists use various methods to investigate the intricacies of the human psyche, from cognitive functions to emotional responses.
psychosis
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psicose

psicose

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/saɪˈkoʊsəs/
substantivo

a severe mental condition in which the patient loses contact with external reality

example
Exemplo
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Early intervention is crucial for people with psychosis, as prompt treatment can lead to better long-term outcomes and reduce the risk of severe complications.
Treatment for psychosis typically involves a combination of antipsychotic medications and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.
Individuals experiencing psychosis may hear voices or see things that are not present, making it difficult to distinguish between what is real and what is not.
What is "psychosis"?

Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by a disconnection from reality, which can include hallucinations, delusions, and confused thinking. Hallucinations involve seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not there, while delusions are false beliefs that are firmly believed in despite evidence to the contrary. People experiencing psychosis may also have disorganized thoughts and speech, as well as difficulty concentrating or focusing. Psychosis can be a symptom of various mental health disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe depression, or it can be caused by substance abuse or medical conditions. Treatment typically involves medication, therapy, and support to manage symptoms and improve functioning.

Informações Gramaticais:

Forma plural
psychoses
body dysmorphic disorder
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(dismorfia corporal)

(dismorfia corporal)

transtorno dismórfico corporal

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/bˈɑːdi dɪsmˈoːɹfɪk dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a psychological disorder that causes a person to spend a lot of time thinking obsessively about the imaginary imperfections in their appearance

What is "body dysmorphic disorder"?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterized by obsessive concern with flaws in physical appearance, which are often minor or imagined. Individuals with BDD may spend excessive amounts of time closely inspecting their appearance, comparing themselves to others, and seeking reassurance about their imagined flaws. This concern causes significant distress and can lead to avoidance of social situations, depression, and reduced functioning in daily life. Treatment for body dysmorphic disorder typically involves therapy to help individuals challenge and change false beliefs about their appearance, as well as medication in some cases.

obsessive-compulsive disorder
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(TOC)

(TOC)

transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

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/ˈɑːkd/
substantivo

a disorder causing a person to have recurring unwanted thoughts or to do something such as cleaning or checking on something over and over

What is "obsessive-compulsive disorder"?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by unwanted and uncontrollable thoughts, known as obsessions; and repetitive behaviors or mental acts, known as compulsions, which individuals feel forced to perform in response to these obsessions. People with OCD may experience distress or anxiety if they are unable to complete their compulsions, even though they recognize that these behaviors are excessive or irrational. Examples of obsessions include fears of contamination or doubts about safety. Examples of compulsions include excessive cleaning, checking, counting, or arranging objects in a specific way. OCD can significantly interfere with daily life, relationships, and work or school functioning. Treatment typically involves therapy and sometimes medication to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
post-traumatic stress disorder
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(TEPT)

(TEPT)

transtorno de estresse pós-traumático

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/pˈoʊsttɹɔːmˈæɾɪk stɹˈɛs dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a disorder that is formed in a person who has experienced a very shocking or frightening event, causing them to have nightmares or flashbacks from the event

example
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Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the traumatic event.
People with post-traumatic stress disorder may avoid places, people, or activities that remind them of the traumatic event, leading to social isolation and difficulties in daily functioning.
Early intervention and support are crucial for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, as timely treatment can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life.
What is "post-traumatic stress disorder"?

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as war, natural disasters, assault, or accidents. Symptoms of PTSD can include flashbacks, nightmares, intense anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. People with PTSD may also experience emotional numbness, avoiding places or situations that remind them of the trauma, and changes in mood or behavior. PTSD can significantly impact daily life and relationships. Treatment often involves therapy as well as medications to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
borderline personality disorder
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(transtorno de personalidade limítrofe)

(transtorno de personalidade limítrofe)

transtorno da personalidade borderline

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/bˈoːɹdɚlˌaɪn pˌɜːsənˈælɪɾi dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a mental illness that causes a person to act impulsively, to experience severe shifts in mood, and to be unable to form interpersonal relationships

What is "borderline personality disorder"?

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental health condition characterized by unstable emotions, relationships, and self-image. People with BPD often experience intense and unstable moods, difficulty managing emotions, and a strong fear of abandonment. They may also engage in impulsive behaviors such as reckless spending, substance abuse, or self-harm. Additionally, individuals with BPD may have a false sense of self and struggle with identity issues. Treatment typically involves therapy to help manage symptoms and improve coping skills.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
dissociative identity disorder
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(transtorno de identidade dissociativa)

(transtorno de identidade dissociativa)

transtorno dissociativo de identidade

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/dɪsˈoʊsiətˌɪv aɪdˈɛntɪɾi dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a psychological condition in which there are more than one personality in a person, each personality has different memories and patterns of behavior

example
Exemplo
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Individuals with dissociative identity disorder may experience memory gaps, time loss, and a sense of being disconnected from their thoughts, feelings, and surroundings.
Treatment for dissociative identity disorder typically involves psychotherapy, including trauma-focused therapy and techniques to integrate the different identity states.
Living with dissociative identity disorder can be challenging, as individuals may struggle to maintain a cohesive sense of identity and may experience difficulties in relationships and daily functioning.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
coping mechanism
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(estratégia de coping)

(estratégia de coping)

mecanismo de coping

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/kˈoʊpɪŋ mˈɛkənˌɪzəm/
substantivo

a strategy or behavior used to manage or counteract challenging emotions, thoughts, or situations

example
Exemplo
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Deep breathing exercises and mindfulness meditation are effective coping mechanisms for reducing feelings of anxiety and promoting relaxation.
Social support from friends, family, or support groups can be a valuable coping mechanism for dealing with challenging life events or emotional difficulties.
Exercise can serve as a coping mechanism for managing stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins and promoting a sense of well-being.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
defense mechanism
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(estratégia de defesa)

(estratégia de defesa)

mecanismo de defesa

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/dɪfˈɛns mˈɛkənˌɪzəm/
substantivo

an unconscious mental strategy individuals use to cope with anxiety, discomfort, or threatening emotions

synonymdefence
synonymdefence mechanism
synonymdefence reaction
synonymdefense
synonymdefense reaction
example
Exemplo
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Sublimation is a defense mechanism where individuals channel unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
Denial, a defense mechanism, involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality of a situation.
Undoing is a defense mechanism where individuals try to reverse or make up for unacceptable thoughts or actions through compulsive behaviors.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
abreaction
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(libertação emocional)

(libertação emocional)

abreação

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/ɐbɹɪˈækʃən/
substantivo

the release of repressed emotions or traumatic memories through therapeutic means, often resulting in catharsis and emotional relief

synonymcatharsis
synonymkatharsis
example
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Abreaction can occur during therapy sessions.
Abreaction helps individuals heal from past traumas.
He underwent abreaction to address his anxiety.
gestalt
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(totalidade)

(totalidade)

gestalt

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/ɡəʃtˈɑːlt/
substantivo

the concept that individuals perceive objects as unified wholes rather than the sum of their parts

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The gestalt approach emphasizes holistic understanding.
bipolar disorder
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(bipolaridade)

(bipolaridade)

transtorno bipolar

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/baɪpˈoʊlɚ dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a chronic mental health condition marked by episodes of mania and depression

synonymmanic depression
synonymmanic depressive illness
synonymmanic-depressive psychosis
example
Exemplo
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Individuals with bipolar disorder may experience manic episodes marked by increased energy, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior, followed by depressive episodes with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in activities.
Treatment for bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication, such as mood stabilizers and antidepressants, and psychotherapy to help manage symptoms and prevent relapse.
People with bipolar disorder may also benefit from lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding drugs and alcohol, to help stabilize mood.
What is "bipolar disorder"?

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings that swing between emotional highs, known as mania, and lows, known as depression. During manic episodes, individuals may feel overly energetic, extremely happy, or irritable, and engage in impulsive behaviors. Depressive episodes involve feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and losing interest or pleasure in activities. These mood swings can affect sleep, energy levels, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly. Treatment usually involves a mix of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes to manage symptoms and control one's mood.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
hypochondria
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hipocondria

hipocondria

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/ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiə/
substantivo

a mental condition in which a person is constantly anxious and worried about their health

synonymhypochondriasis
example
Exemplo
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People with hypochondria may experience significant distress and impairment in their daily lives due to their preoccupation with health concerns.
Individuals with hypochondria may constantly check their bodies for signs of illness, research medical conditions online, and seek reassurance from doctors, friends, or family members about their health.
Support from mental health professionals, as well as education about the nature of hypochondria and its treatment options, can help individuals with this condition manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
What is "hypochondria"?

Hypochondria, also known as illness anxiety disorder, is a condition where a person is overly worried about having a serious illness despite having little or no medical evidence to support it. Individuals with hypochondria often mistake normal bodily sensations as signs of a serious medical condition, leading to constant anxiety and obsession with health concerns. This excessive worry can significantly interfere with daily life, causing distress and reduced functioning. Treatment usually involves therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals challenge their irrational health-related fears and learn coping strategies to manage anxiety.

kleptomania
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cleptomania

cleptomania

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/klˌɛptəmˈeɪniə/
substantivo

a mental condition in which one is obsessed with stealing things without any financial motive

example
Exemplo
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Support from mental health professionals and support groups can be valuable for individuals with kleptomania in learning coping strategies and preventing relapse into stealing behaviors.
Individuals with kleptomania may experience a sense of tension or excitement before stealing and relief or gratification afterward, despite feelings of guilt or remorse.
Treatment for kleptomania often involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), to help individuals understand and manage the underlying impulses and triggers for stealing.
What is "kleptomania"?

Kleptomania is a mental health disorder characterized by repeated impulses to steal items that are not needed for personal use or for their value. People with kleptomania often experience tension before stealing, followed by feelings of relief or satisfaction afterward. Unlike typical stealing, individuals with kleptomania may steal items they do not need or want, often feeling shame, guilt, or regret afterward. The behavior is typically impulsive and not motivated by anger or revenge. Treatment may involve therapy, medication, and support groups to help individuals manage urges and address underlying emotional issues.

latent content
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(significado latente)

(significado latente)

conteúdo latente

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/lˈeɪtənt kˈɑːntɛnt/
substantivo

the underlying, symbolic meanings embedded within dreams as interpreted through psychoanalytic theory, contrasted with the manifest content

example
Exemplo
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The latent content of dreams often reveals hidden desires or fears.
Exploring the latent content of dreams can aid in self-discovery.
Freud believed that dreams contain both manifest and latent content.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
masochism
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maquiavolismo

maquiavolismo

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/ˈmæsəkɪzəm/
substantivo

the tendency to derive sexual pleasure from experiencing physical or emotional pain or humiliation

example
Exemplo
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Masochism is often associated with low self-esteem and unresolved emotional issues.
Masochism can manifest in various forms, including self-inflicted harm.
Masochism can be harmful if not addressed in therapy.
narcissism
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narcisismo

narcisismo

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/ˈnɑɹsɪˌsɪzəm/
substantivo

a psychological trait or personality disorder where someone is excessively self-centered and believes they are superior to others

synonymself-love
example
Exemplo
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Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and a constant need for admiration from others.
Narcissism can be a barrier to personal growth and development, as individuals may struggle to see beyond their own desires and ambitions.
The narcissism of the protagonist was evident in his constant boasting and need for attention.
Oedipus complex
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complexo de Édipo

complexo de Édipo

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/ˈiːdɪpəs kˈɑːmplɛks/
substantivo

a child's unconscious desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent

synonymOedipal complex
example
Exemplo
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The Oedipus complex describes a boy's feelings for his mother.
The Oedipus complex can influence personality development.
The Oedipus complex is a stage in psychosexual development.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
psychosomatic disorder
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(doença psicossomática)

(doença psicossomática)

transtorno psicossomático

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/sˌaɪkoʊsəmˈæɾɪk dɪsˈoːɹdɚ/
substantivo

a psychological condition characterized by physical symptoms that derive from mental or emotional causes, often without any medical explanation

example
Exemplo
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Individuals with a psychosomatic disorder may experience symptoms such as headaches, stomach pain, or fatigue that have no apparent medical cause.
Treatment for psychosomatic disorders often involves addressing underlying psychological stressors through therapy, relaxation techniques, and stress management strategies.
A psychosomatic disorder is a condition in which physical symptoms are caused or aggravated by psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, or emotional distress.
What is a "psychosomatic disorder"?

A psychosomatic disorder is a condition where physical symptoms are caused or worsened by psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, trauma, or emotional distress. In other words, emotional or mental factors trigger physical symptoms without an underlying medical cause. Examples of psychosomatic disorders include tension headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic pain syndromes. Treatment usually involves addressing both the physical symptoms and the underlying psychological factors through therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, and stress management strategies.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
rationalization
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(justificação)

(justificação)

racionalização

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/ˌɹæʃənəɫɪˈzeɪʃən/, /ˌɹæʃnəɫɪˈzeɪʃən/
substantivo

(psychiatry) the process by which individuals justify or explain their behaviors, often unconsciously, in a way that aligns with their self-image or societal norms

example
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Rationalization often distorts reality to fit personal beliefs.
Rationalization helps people feel better about their decisions.
He employed rationalization to explain away his mistakes.
condensation
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condensação

condensação

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/ˌkɑndənˈseɪʃən/
substantivo

(psychoanalysis) the process by which disparate elements of the unconscious mind are combined into a single symbol or image, often observed in dreams or during free association in therapy

example
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Condensation offers a concise way to convey complex psychological concepts.
Dreams often involve condensation, blending different elements into singular symbols.
Exploring condensation in dreams unveils deeper layers of the subconscious.
Freudian slip
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(escorregão freudiano)

(escorregão freudiano)

lapso freudiano

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/fɹˈɔɪdiən slˈɪp/
substantivo

an error that reveals the speaker's actual thoughts or feelings

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
pattern

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Aprendeu 26 palavras de Psychology. Para melhorar a aprendizagem e revisão de vocabulário, comece a praticar!

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