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Doenças infecciosas

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yellow fever
2-
tetanus
3-
swine flu
4-
smallpox
5-
scrapie
6-
SARS
7-
SARS-CoV-2
8-
pneumonia
9-
plague
10-
pertussis
11-
meningitis
12-
measles
13-
croup
14-
Covid-19
15-
common cold
16-
cholera
17-
chickenpox
18-
long Covid
19-
leprosy
20-
rubella
21-
gastric flu
22-
paratyphoid fever
23-
ebola
24-
tonsillitis
25-
mumps
26-
diphtheria
27-
influenza
28-
avian flu
29-
giardiasis
30-
infectious mononucleosis
31-
malaria
32-
toxic shock syndrome
33-
typhoid
34-
tuberculosis
35-
bubonic plague
36-
cytomegalovirus
37-
epstein-barr virus
38-
legionnaires' disease
39-
leptospirosis
40-
scarlet fever
41-
scrofula
42-
typhus
43-
weil's disease
44-
yaws
45-
anthrax
46-
toxoplasmosis
47-
dengue fever
48-
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
49-
West Nile virus
yellow fever
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febre amarela

febre amarela

flag
/jˈɛloʊ fˈiːvɚ/
substantivo

a tropical viral disease, characterized by fever, muscle pain, etc. which consequently leads to jaundice and potential death, transmitted by infected mosquitoes

synonymblack vomit
synonymyellow jack
What is "yellow fever"?

Yellow fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes infected with the yellow fever virus. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice, which gives the disease its name due to the yellowing of the skin and eyes. In severe cases, yellow fever can lead to organ failure and death. The disease is primarily found in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent yellow fever, and travelers to affected areas are often advised to get vaccinated before their trip. Additionally, controlling mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites can help reduce the risk of catching the disease.

tetanus
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tétano

tétano

flag
/ˈtɛtənəs/
substantivo

a severe infectious disease marked by painful muscle contractions, particularly that of the jaw, as a result of bacteria invading the body through cuts or wounds

synonymlockjaw
What is "tetanus"?

Tetanus is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Clostridium tetani. It typically enters the body through cuts or wounds contaminated with the tiny particles that the bacterium produces, called spores, which are found in soil, dust, and animal feces. Tetanus can lead to intense muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw muscles. Other symptoms may include difficulty swallowing, stiffness of the neck and abdominal muscles, fever, and sweating. In serious cases, tetanus can lead to breathing difficulties and even death. Vaccination with the tetanus vaccine is the best way to prevent the disease, and booster shots are recommended every 10 years to maintain immunity. Quick wound care, including cleaning and disinfection, is also essential to prevent tetanus infection.

swine flu
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(gripe H1N1)

(gripe H1N1)

gripe suína

flag
/swˈaɪn flˈuː/
substantivo

a potentially fatal disease passed between humans that is caused by an influenza strain similar to swine flu in pigs

synonymswine influenza
What is "swine flu"?

Swine flu, also known as the H1N1 influenza virus, is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza A virus. It spreads in a similar way to seasonal flu, mainly through coughing, sneezing, or touching contaminated surfaces. Symptoms of swine flu can include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. Most cases of swine flu are mild and resolve on their own without treatment. However, in some cases, particularly in people with underlying health conditions or weakened immune systems, it can lead to severe illness or complications like pneumonia. Vaccination is the best way to prevent swine flu, and it is often included in the seasonal flu vaccine.

smallpox
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varíola

varíola

flag
/ˈsmɔɫˌpɑks/
substantivo

an acute infectious disease characterized by fever and skin eruption, usually leaving permanent scars

synonymvariola
synonymvariola major
Wha is "smallpox"?

Smallpox is a highly contagious and sometimes deadly infectious disease caused by the variola virus. It is characterized by fever and a distinctive skin rash consisting of small, raised bumps filled with fluid. The disease is spread through contact with the fluid from the blisters of an infected person or when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Smallpox was completely wiped out in 1980 following a successful global vaccination campaign. Vaccination with the smallpox vaccine, which contains a live virus called vaccinia, provided immunity against the disease. Routine vaccination for smallpox is no longer necessary since the disease has been wiped out, but small amounts of the virus still exist in laboratories for research purposes.

scrapie
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scrapie

scrapie

flag
/skɹˈæpaɪ/
substantivo

an infectious and often fatal disease that mainly affects the nervous system of sheep

What is "scrapie"?

Scrapie is a deadly brain disease that affects sheep and goats. It cause damage to the brain and nervous system, with symptoms that include changes in behavior, such as nervousness, as well as trembling and loss of coordination. The disease is believed to be caused by abnormal prion proteins, which gather in the brain and spinal cord, leading to neurological damage. Scrapie is spread through contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids. It is not known to affect humans, but it can have significant economic impacts on affected livestock populations. While there is no cure for scrapie, efforts to control its spread include surveillance, quarantine, and selective breeding for resistance.

SARS
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(Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Severa)

(Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Severa)

SARS

flag
/ˈsɑɹz/
substantivo

a viral illness that primarily affects the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as fever, coughing, and breathing difficulties, and it can lead to severe illness and even death

What is "severe acute respiratory syndrome"?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). It first appeared in China in 2002 and quickly spread to other countries, causing a global outbreak. SARS is highly contagious and spreads primarily when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, and difficulty breathing. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia and severe respiratory distress. The outbreak was controlled through public health measures such as isolation, quarantine, and travel restrictions. There is no specific treatment for SARS, so management focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing the spread of the virus.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2

flag
/sˈɑːɹzkˈoʊ vˈiː tˈuː/
substantivo

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a variation of coronavirus that was first reported back in 2019

What is "SARS-CoV-2"?

SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a highly contagious virus that mainly spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. COVID-19 symptoms can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe, and may include fever, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle or body aches, loss of taste or smell, sore throat, stuffy nose, upset stomach, or diarrhea. In severe cases, COVID-19 can lead to pneumonia, severe breathing problems, organ failure, and death, particularly in older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Preventive measures such as wearing masks, staying away from crowded places, frequent handwashing, and vaccination have been essential in controlling the spread of the virus and reducing the impact of the pandemic.

pneumonia
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pneumonia

pneumonia

flag
/nuːˈmoʊnjə/
substantivo

the infection and inflammation of air sacs in one's lungs, usually caused by a bacterial infection that makes breathing difficult

example
Exemplo
click on words
Pneumonia can be caused by various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and typically presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, and chest pain.
Vaccination against common pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza virus, can help prevent pneumonia and reduce its severity if contracted.
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial pneumonia infection and recommended supportive care to alleviate symptoms.
What is "pneumonia"?

Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by various bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It typically leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and fatigue. In severe cases, pneumonia can cause complications and even be life-threatening, particularly in older adults, young children, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antiviral medication for viral pneumonia, and supportive care to manage symptoms and help the body fight off the infection. Early diagnosis and quick treatment are important to prevent complications and promote recovery.

plague
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(praga)

(praga)

peste

flag
/ˈpɫeɪɡ/
substantivo

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

synonympest
synonympestilence
synonympestis
example
Exemplo
click on words
Symptoms of the plague can include fever, chills, headache, weakness, and painful swollen lymph nodes.
The plague, also known as the Black Death, is a deadly infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Historical outbreaks of the plague have had devastating consequences, including widespread mortality during pandemics such as the Black Death in the 14th century.
What is the "plague"?

Plague is a serious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. It is usually spread through the bite of infected fleas, which can carry the bacterium from rodents to humans. Plague has historically caused widespread pandemics, like the Black Death in the Middle Ages, but today it is rare and mostly occurs in specific regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Symptoms may include fever, chills, weakness, swollen glands, and difficulty breathing. Quick treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent serious complications and death. Public health measures, such as controlling rodents and preventing flea bites, are also important for stopping the spread of plague.

pertussis
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coqueluche

coqueluche

flag
/pɝˈtəsɪs/
substantivo

a contagious respiratory disease often characterized by violent coughs and breathing difficulties

synonymwhooping cough
What is "pertussis"?

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial infection that affects the respiratory system. It is caused by a bacterium called Bordetella pertussis. The disease is characterized by severe coughing fits that can last for weeks. Pertussis is particularly dangerous for infants and young children, but it can affect people of all ages. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pertussis.

meningitis
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meningite

meningite

flag
/ˌmɛnənˈdʒaɪtəs/
substantivo

a serious infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the thin protective tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord, causing intense headaches and high temperature

What is "meningitis"?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, usually caused by an infection. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, with bacterial meningitis being the most severe form. Symptoms often include a sudden high fever, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and confusion. Meningitis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical treatment, especially bacterial meningitis, which can lead to serious complications or death if not treated quickly. Vaccines can help prevent certain types of meningitis.

measles
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sarampo

sarampo

flag
/ˈmizəɫz/
substantivo

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

synonymmorbilli
synonymrubeola
example
Exemplo
click on words
Symptoms of measles include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red rash.
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children.
Measles can spread through coughing and sneezing, as well as direct contact with infected droplets.
What is "measles"?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It primarily affects children and is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red, spotty skin rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

measles
croup
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crupe

crupe

flag
/ˈkɹup/
substantivo

a common respiratory infection in children that causes swelling around the vocal cords

synonymspasmodic laryngitis
What is "croup"?

Croup is a common childhood respiratory condition caused by viruses. It leads to swelling in the windpipe and vocal cords, resulting in a characteristic bark-like cough and noisy breathing. Croup typically affects children between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, with symptoms often worsening at night. While it can be distressing for both children and parents, croup usually improves on its own within a few days with home care measures like steam therapy and staying hydrated. In intense cases, medical attention may be necessary to help with breathing difficulties.

Covid-19
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Covid-19

Covid-19

flag
/kˈɑːvɪd nˈaɪntiːn/
substantivo

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

example
Exemplo
click on words
The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound socio-economic impacts, leading to changes in healthcare, travel, and everyday life globally.
What is "Covid-19"?

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It mainly spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms can vary but commonly include fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, and loss of taste or smell. While most cases are mild, some individuals may experience serious complications, particularly older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Preventive measures like wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and getting vaccinated help reduce the spread of the disease and protect people against serious illness.

common cold
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(resfriado comum)

(resfriado comum)

gripe comum

flag
/kˈɑːmən kˈoʊld/
substantivo

a viral infection causing symptoms like a runny nose, cough, and sore throat

synonymcold
example
Exemplo
click on words
She missed school because of a common cold.
He caught a common cold after being outside in the cold.
Drinking plenty of water helps when you have a common cold.
What is the "common cold"?

The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory system, typically caused by the virus called rhinoviruses or other respiratory viruses. It spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the nose or mouth. Symptoms often include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, mild fever, and general fatigue. While uncomfortable, the common cold usually resolves on its own within a week or two with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to ease symptoms.

common cold
cholera
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cólera

cólera

flag
/ˈkɑɫɝə/
substantivo

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

synonymAsiatic cholera
synonymepidemic cholera
synonymIndian cholera
example
Exemplo
click on words
The cholera outbreak highlighted the need for better sanitation and hygiene practices.
She contracted cholera during her travels and had to be hospitalized immediately.
Health officials rushed to contain the cholera epidemic and provide clean water to affected areas.
What is "cholera"?

Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. It spreads through contaminated water or food, especially in places with poor hygiene. Cholera bacteria release a toxin that makes the intestines release lots of water, leading to watery diarrhea, vomiting, and fast loss of fluids and important minerals. Without quick treatment, severe dehydration can happen, which can be life-threatening. Treatment usually involves drinking special drinks with salt and sugar, called oral rehydration solution (ORS), or, in serious cases, getting fluids directly into a vein. Antibiotics may also be used to shorten the duration of symptoms and reduce the spread of the disease. Prevention of cholera involves improving hygiene, ensuring access to clean water, and vaccination in high-risk areas.

chickenpox
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catapora

catapora

flag
/tʃˈɪkɪnpˌɑːks/
substantivo

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

synonymvaricella
What is "chickenpox"?

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It mainly affects children and causes an itchy rash of red spots or blisters, often with flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue. The rash typically starts on the face, chest, and back before spreading to the rest of the body. Chickenpox is spread when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus or direct contact with the rash. While uncomfortable, most cases of chickenpox resolve on their own within a week or two without serious complications. However, it can be more serious in adults, pregnant women, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is available and highly effective in preventing chickenpox and its potential complications.

long Covid
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(síndrome pós-COVID)

(síndrome pós-COVID)

Covid longo

flag
/lˈɑːŋ kˈɑːvɪd/
substantivo

a medical condition wherein people continue to experience COVID-19 symptoms for weeks or months after they begin to recover

What is "long Covid"?

Long Covid refers to a condition where individuals experience lingering symptoms or new health issues for weeks or even months after recovering from COVID-19. Symptoms can vary widely and may include fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, joint pain, thinking difficulties, often referred to as "brain fog", and persistent loss of taste or smell, among others. The exact cause of long Covid is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including ongoing inflammation, immune system problems, and possible organ damage. Long Covid can significantly impact a person's quality of life and may require care from different types of doctors or healthcare providers, along with support from various experts.

leprosy
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lêpras

lêpras

flag
/ˈɫɛpɹəsi/
substantivo

a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae that can affect the nerves, skin, eyes, and lining of the nose

synonymHansen's disease
What is "leprosy"?

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. It mainly affects the skin and nerves, leading to skin wounds, nerve damage, and potential deformities if left untreated. Leprosy is not highly contagious and is spread through prolonged close contact with untreated individuals. Symptoms may include skin wounds, numbness or loss of sensation in affected areas, muscle weakness, and eye damage. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can effectively cure leprosy and prevent complications.

rubella
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(sarampo alemão)

(sarampo alemão)

rubéola

flag
/ɹuˈbɛɫə/
substantivo

a contagious viral illness, often occurring in children, that causes a red rash on the body as well as symptoms like fever, sore throat, and eye redness

synonymepidemic roseola
synonymGerman measles
synonymthree-day measles
What is "rubella"?

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious viral infection caused by the rubella virus. It typically causes a mild illness with symptoms such as a low-grade fever, rash, sore throat, and swollen glands. The characteristic rash usually begins on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body. Rubella is most dangerous when caught during pregnancy, as it can lead to serious birth defects and complications for the developing baby, known as congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing rubella and is typically given as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

gastric flu
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(gastroenterite)

(gastroenterite)

gripe gástrica

flag
/ɡˈæstɹɪk flˈuː/
substantivo

an intestinal infection‌ that often causes watery diarrhea, inflammation, nausea, vomiting, or fever

What is "gastric flu"?

Gastric flu, often referred to as gastroenteritis, is an illness that causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is usually caused by viruses such as norovirus or rotavirus, although bacteria, parasites, or contaminated food and water can also be responsible. Symptoms typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and sometimes fever. Gastric flu is highly contagious and can spread through close contact with infected individuals, contaminated surfaces, or consuming contaminated food or water. Most cases of gastric flu resolve on their own within a few days with rest, hydration, and supportive care.

paratyphoid fever
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(paratifo)

(paratifo)

febre paratifóide

flag
/pˈæɹətˌɪfɔɪd fˈiːvɚ/
substantivo

a bacterial infection causing symptoms similar to typhoid fever, transmitted through contaminated food or water, and treated with antibiotics

synonymparatyphoid
example
Exemplo
click on words
Early detection and prompt medical intervention contribute to successful recovery from paratyphoid fever.
Paratyphoid fever is less common than typhoid fever but can occur in regions with inadequate sanitation.
Individuals with paratyphoid fever should follow medical advice, complete the prescribed antibiotic course, and stay hydrated.
What is "paratyphoid fever"?

Paratyphoid fever is an infectious illness caused by the bacteria named Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi. Symptoms typically include fever, headache, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Paratyphoid fever is usually caught by consuming contaminated food or water. Good hygiene practices, such as washing hands and properly cooking food, can help prevent its spread. Also, antibiotics are often used to treat the infection.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
ebola
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ebola

ebola

flag
/iˈboʊɫə/
substantivo

a potentially fatal disease that causes problems with how one's blood clots

synonymEbola fever
synonymEbola hemorrhagic fever
What is "ebola"?

Ebola is a serious and often deadly viral illness caused by the Ebola virus. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, intense headache, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and unexplained bleeding or bruising. Ebola is spread to humans from wild animals and can spread through human-to-human contact by touching bodily fluids. The virus can cause outbreaks with high death rates, though early supportive care and isolation of infected individuals can improve survival chances. Efforts to control Ebola outbreaks include rapid diagnosis, quarantine measures, and vaccination campaigns.

tonsillitis
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tonsilite

tonsilite

flag
/tˌɑːnsɪlˈaɪɾɪs/
substantivo

an infection or inflammation of the tonsils

What is "tonsillitis"?

Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils, which are two small glands located at the back of the throat. It is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms typically include a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen tonsils, fever, and sometimes white or yellow patches on the tonsils. Tonsillitis can be contagious and spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Treatment often involves rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and pain relievers. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed if the cause is bacterial.

mumps
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(parotidite)

(parotidite)

caxumba

flag
/ˈməmps/
substantivo

an infectious viral disease characterized by fever and the painful swelling of the neck

synonymepidemic parotitis
What is "mumps"?

Mumps is a contagious viral infection that mainly affects the glands that produce saliva, causing them to swell. It is caused by the mumps virus, which spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms typically include swollen and tender glands, especially around the jaw, along with fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Mumps can also lead to complications such as inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, deafness, or meningitis. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing mumps and is typically given as part of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.

mumps
diphtheria
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difteria

difteria

flag
/dɪfˈθɪɹiɑ/
substantivo

a chronic infection caused by a gram-positive bacterium and characterized by the formation of a false membrane in the air passages, particularly those of the throat

What is "diphtheria"?

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It usually affects the throat and nose, leading to the formation of a thick grayish coating in the throat, fever, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Diphtheria spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus or by touching contaminated surfaces. In serious cases, it can lead to breathing problems, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. Vaccination with the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is highly effective in preventing diphtheria.

influenza
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(influenza)

(influenza)

gripe

flag
/ˌɪnfɫuˈɛnzə/
substantivo

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus that attacks the nose, lungs, and throat

synonymflu
synonymgrippe
What is "influenza"?

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhea. Influenza spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face. Most people recover from the flu without complications, but it can lead to severe illness or death, particularly in high-risk groups such as young children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying health conditions. Vaccination is the best way to prevent influenza and its potentially serious complications.

influenza
avian flu
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(influenza aviária)

(influenza aviária)

gripe aviária

flag
/ˈeɪvɪən flˈuː/
substantivo

a type of influenza virus that rapidly spreads among birds and in rare cases, it can affect humans as well

What is "avian flu"?

Avian flu, also known as bird flu, is a viral infection caused by influenza viruses that primarily affect birds. While most types of avian flu do not infect humans, some, such as H5N1 and H7N9, have caused occasional infections in people. Human cases of avian flu typically occur after close contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. Symptoms of avian flu in humans can vary but may include fever, cough, sore throat, difficulty breathing, and pneumonia. Severe cases can lead to complications and even death. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with sick birds, properly cooking their meat and eggs, and practicing good hygiene, such as handwashing.

giardiasis
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(giardíase)

(giardíase)

giardíase

flag
/dʒɐədˈɪæsiz/
substantivo

an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea

example
Exemplo
click on words
Symptoms of giardiasis may include watery diarrhea, bloating, and weight loss.
For prevention of giardiasis, you can practice good hygiene, especially when handling food and water.
What is "giardiasis"?

Giardiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. It typically spreads through contaminated food or water, or by close contact with an infected person or animal. Symptoms of giardiasis often include diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and fatigue. In some cases, symptoms may be serious and last for several weeks. Treatment usually involves medication to kill the parasite and relieve symptoms. Good hygiene, such as washing hands thoroughly and avoiding untreated water sources, can help prevent giardiasis.

infectious mononucleosis
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(mono)

(mono)

mononucleose infecciosa

flag
/ɪnfˈɛkʃəs mˌɑːnoʊnˌuːklɪˈoʊsɪs/
substantivo

a viral infection primarily caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, leading to symptoms like extreme fatigue, sore throat, and swollen glands

synonymglandular fever
synonymkissing disease
example
Exemplo
click on words
Infectious mononucleosis is most common in teenagers and young adults but can occur at any age.
Infectious mononucleosis is usually self-limiting, with symptoms improving over a few weeks.
What is "infectious mononucleosis"?

Infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono or glandular fever, is a viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It spreads through saliva and close contact with infected individuals. Symptoms of mono typically include fatigue, sore throat, fever, swollen glands, and swollen tonsils. Some people may also experience rash, headache, and abdominal pain. Most cases of mono are mild and resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, but it can take several weeks or even months to fully recover. Complications such as an enlarged spleen or liver may occur, so it is essential to avoid some sports and heavy lifting during recovery.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
malaria
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(paludismo)

(paludismo)

malária

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/məˈɫɛɹiə/
substantivo

a potentially fatal disease normally transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito

example
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Symptoms of malaria include high fever, chills, and flu-like illness.
The outbreak of malaria in the village prompted a swift response from medical teams.
He contracted malaria during his trip to the tropical region and had to be treated immediately.
What is "malaria"?

Malaria is a serious and often life-threatening disease caused by parasites spread to humans through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms typically include fever, chills, sweats, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. In serious cases, malaria can lead to complications such as organ failure and death. The disease is most common in tropical and subtropical regions, where the Anopheles mosquito thrives. Prevention measures include using insect repellent, sleeping under bed nets, and taking antimalarial medication when traveling to regions with a lot of malaria. Early diagnosis and quick treatment with antimalarial medications are crucial for effective management of the disease.

toxic shock syndrome
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(choque tóxico)

(choque tóxico)

síndrome do choque tóxico

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/tˈɑːksɪk ʃˈɑːk sˈɪndɹoʊm/
substantivo

a rare, potentially life-threatening condition caused by bacterial toxins, often associated with tampon use in menstruating individuals

example
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Toxic shock syndrome symptoms may include sudden high fever, a sunburn-like rash, and low blood pressure.
Education on proper tampon use and hygiene practices can help reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome.
What is "toxic shock syndrome"?

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins produced by certain types of bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It can occur in both men and women, but it is most commonly associated with menstruating women who use tampons. Symptoms of TSS may include sudden high fever, rash resembling sunburn, low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and confusion. TSS can progress quickly and lead to life-threatening complications such as organ failure and shock. Treatment usually involves hospitalization, antibiotics given through a tube in a vein, and supportive care to help the patient's condition. Prevention involves good hygiene practices and avoiding leaving tampons in for extended periods.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
typhoid
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(febre tifóide)

(febre tifóide)

tifo

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/ˈtaɪfɔɪd/
substantivo

a serious and potentially life-threatening disease marked by high fever, diarrhea, and red spots that appear on the chest and abdomen

synonymenteric fever
synonymtyphoid fever
What is "typhoid"?

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria. It spreads through contaminated food and water or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms often include ongoing fever, headache, stomach pain, weakness, and loss of appetite. In serious cases, it can lead to complications like holes in the intestines or bloodstream infection, which can be life-threatening if not treated quickly with antibiotics. Vaccination against typhoid is available and recommended for individuals traveling to regions where the disease is common. Maintaining good hygiene and drinking clean water can also help prevent typhoid infection.

tuberculosis
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(tuberculose pulmonar)

(tuberculose pulmonar)

tuberculose

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/təˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsɪs/, /tuˌbɝkjəˈɫoʊsəs/, /tuˌbɝkjuˈɫoʊsəs/
substantivo

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

What is "tuberculosis"?

Tuberculosis, often referred to as TB, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms of TB may include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood or phlegm, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it highly contagious. While TB can be serious if left untreated, it is curable with antibiotics. Treatment typically involves a combination of several medications taken over several months. Prevention measures include early detection, isolation of infected individuals, and vaccination in regions where TB is common.

bubonic plague
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(peste negra)

(peste negra)

peste bubónica

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/bjuːbˈɑːnɪk plˈeɪɡ/
substantivo

a highly contagious and often fatal bacterial infection characterized by painful swollen lymph nodes, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and transmitted through the bite of infected fleas

synonymglandular plague
synonympestis bubonica
example
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Bubonic plague historically caused devastating pandemics, such as the Black Death in the 14th century.
Public health measures play a role in preventing the spread of bubonic plague.
Symptoms of bubonic plague include fever, chills, weakness, and the distinctive appearance of painful, swollen lymph nodes.
What is the "bubonic plague"?

The bubonic plague, often referred to simply as the plague, is a severe and highly contagious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. It is spread to humans through the bites of infected fleas, usually from rodents like rats. Symptoms of the bubonic plague include fever, chills, headache, swollen and painful glands, and sometimes skin wounds. Without quick treatment with antibiotics, the bubonic plague can lead to severe complications such as blood poisoning and infection of the lungs, which can be deadly. Although rare today, outbreaks of the bubonic plague still occur in some parts of the world.

Informações Gramaticais:

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cytomegalovirus
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citomegalovírus

citomegalovírus

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/ˌsaɪtəˌmɛɡəɫoʊˈvaɪɹəs/
substantivo

a common herpesvirus that may cause mild to severe illness, particularly in individuals with weakened immune system, and is transmitted through bodily fluids

example
Exemplo
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Treatment is typically not required for cytomegalovirus in healthy individuals with mild or no symptoms.
What is "cytomegalovirus"?

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that belongs to the herpesvirus family. It usually causes mild or symptom-free infections in healthy individuals but can lead to more serious complications in people with weakened immune systems, such as newborns, transplant recipients, and those with HIV or AIDS. CMV is spread through close contact with bodily fluids, including saliva, urine, blood, and breast milk, as well as through organ transplantation and blood transfusions. Symptoms of CMV infection may include fever, fatigue, sore throat, swollen glands, and muscle aches, though many people may not experience any symptoms at all. Pregnant women can pass CMV to their unborn babies, potentially causing health problems or other issues. Treatment for CMV infection depends on the seriousness of symptoms and the individual's health condition, but antiviral medications may be prescribed in certain cases.

epstein-barr virus
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(herpesvírus Epstein-Barr)

(herpesvírus Epstein-Barr)

vírus Epstein-Barr

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/ˈɛpstaɪnbˈɑːɹ vˈaɪɹəs/
substantivo

a common herpesvirus associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause various illnesses, transmitted through saliva

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Exemplo
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Infectious mononucleosis is a common illness caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
What is the "epstein-barr virus"?

The epstein-barr virus (EBV) is a common virus in the herpesvirus family. It is mainly known for causing infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as mono. EBV is spread through saliva and close contact with infected individuals. Most people are infected with EBV at some point in their lives, often during childhood or adolescence, and may not experience any symptoms or only mild ones. However, EBV can cause symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swollen glands, fatigue, and enlarged spleen or liver in some individuals. In addition to infectious mononucleosis, EBV has been linked to certain cancers. Treatment for EBV infection typically involves rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers to ease symptoms.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
legionnaires' disease
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(legionelose)

(legionelose)

doença dos legionários

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/lˌiːdʒənˈɛɹz dɪzˈiːz/
substantivo

a severe form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella, often contracted through inhaling contaminated water droplets

What is "legionnaires' disease"?

Legionnaires' disease is a severe form of pneumonia caused by a bacterium called Legionella pneumophila. It usually spreads when people breathe in bacteria-contaminated water droplets from places like cooling towers, hot tubs, or air conditioning systems. Symptoms of legionnaires' disease often include high fever, chills, cough, muscle aches, headache, and shortness of breath. In serious cases, it can lead to complications such as respiratory failure or kidney failure, which can be life-threatening. Immediate treatment with antibiotics is essential for recovery. Legionnaires' disease is not spread from person to person and is most common in older adults, smokers, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Preventive measures include proper maintenance of water systems and regular cleaning and disinfection of water sources where Legionella bacteria may grow.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
leptospirosis
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(infecção por leptospira)

(infecção por leptospira)

leptospirose

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/lˌɛptəspɪɹˈoʊsɪs/
substantivo

a bacterial infection transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, causing flu-like symptoms and potentially severe complications

synonymswamp fever
example
Exemplo
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Vaccines for leptospirosis exist and may be recommended in specific high-risk situations.
Awareness of environmental risk factors and prompt medical attention contribute to the prevention of leptospirosis.
Public health efforts focus on rodent control, surveillance, and educating individuals about the risks associated with leptospirosis.
What is "leptospirosis"?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is often spread through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rodents, livestock, or dogs. Symptoms of leptospirosis can vary widely but may include fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes. In serious cases, it can lead to complications such as kidney failure or liver damage. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and prevention measures include avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil, wearing protective clothing, and controlling rodents in and around living areas.

scarlet fever
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(escarlatina)

(escarlatina)

febre escarlatina

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/skˈɑːɹlət fˈiːvɚ/
substantivo

a childhood illness with a red rash, sore throat, and fever caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria

synonymscarlatina
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Exemplo
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Untreated cases of scarlet fever can lead to complications like rheumatic fever or kidney problems.
The rash in scarlet fever typically starts on the chest and spreads to other areas of the body.
Prompt medical attention is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of scarlet fever.
What is "scarlet fever"?

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. It typically occurs in children and has symptoms such as high fever, sore throat, swollen glands, and a characteristic rash that feels rough like sandpaper. The rash usually starts on the chest and abdomen and spreads to other parts of the body. Scarlet fever is highly contagious and spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to help clear the infection and reduce the risk of complications. With quick treatment, most cases of scarlet fever resolve without serious problems.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
scrofula
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escrofula

escrofula

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/skɹˈɑːfjʊlə/
substantivo

a swelling of the lymph nodes, often in the neck, caused by tuberculosis or other bacterial infections

synonymking's evil
synonymstruma
example
Exemplo
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The historical association between scrofula and tuberculosis reflects the evolution of medical knowledge and terminology.
In the past, scrofula was thought to be curable by the touch of a monarch, leading to the term "King's Evil."
Tuberculosis is a common cause of scrofula, but other chronic infections can also result in similar lymph node enlargements.
What is "scrofula"?

Scrofula is a term historically used to describe a form of tuberculosis that affects the lymph nodes in the neck, causing them to swell and form fluid-filled lumps or wounds. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures that are part of the body's immune system. It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In modern medical terminology, scrofula is often referred to as tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis. Today, scrofula is rare in developed countries but may still occur in areas with high rates of tuberculosis. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to fight the tuberculosis infection.

typhus
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(tifóide)

(tifóide)

tifo

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/ˈtaɪfəs/
substantivo

a potentially fatal disease characterized by high temperature and appearance of purple marks on the body

synonymtyphus fever
What is "typhus"?

Typhus is a group of infectious diseases caused by a type bacteria. It is typically spread to humans through the bite of infected fleas, lice, or ticks. Symptoms of typhus may include high fever, headache, rash, muscle aches, and sometimes confusion. There are different types of typhus, including murine typhus, spread by fleas, and epidemic typhus, spread by body lice. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, and prevention measures include controlling the populations of fleas, lice, and ticks, practicing good hygiene, and avoiding areas where typhus is common.

weil's disease
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(leptospirose)

(leptospirose)

doença de Weil

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/wˈaɪlz dɪzˈiːz/
substantivo

a bacterial infection caused by the Leptospira bacteria, transmitted through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals

What is "weil's disease"?

Weil's disease, also known as leptospirosis, is a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is often spread through contact with water or soil contaminated with the urine of infected animals, such as rodents, livestock, or dogs. Symptoms of weil's disease can vary widely but may include fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes. In serious cases, it can lead to complications such as kidney failure or liver damage. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and prevention measures include avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil, wearing protective clothing, and controlling rodents in and around living areas.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
yaws
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(yaws (infecção tropical))

(yaws (infecção tropical))

yaws

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/jˈɔːz/
substantivo

a tropical bacterial infection that causes chronic skin lesions and bone deformities, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions

synonymframbesia
synonymframboesia
example
Exemplo
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Yaws is endemic in tropical regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.
Yaws is more common in children, and prompt treatment is essential to prevent long-term complications.
Public health initiatives aim to reduce the prevalence of yaws through community-based interventions.
What is "yaws"?

Yaws is a chronic bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Treponema pallidum pertenue. It mainly affects the skin, bones, and cartilage. Yaws is typically spread through direct contact with the skin wounds of an infected person, often during childhood. Symptoms of yaws may include painless, raised, and crusted skin wounds, usually on the legs, arms, or face. Without treatment, yaws can lead to damaging bone and joint deformities. However, it can be effectively treated with antibiotics, and preventive measures include improving hygiene in affected communities.

anthrax
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antraz

antraz

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/ˈænθɹæks/
substantivo

a serious bacterial disease of warm-blooded animals, particularly cattle and sheep, that can be transmitted to people by contaminated wool, raw meat, or other animal products

synonymsplenic fever
What is "anthrax"?

Anthrax is a serious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It can affect humans, animals, and even plants. Anthrax commonly occurs in livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. Humans can become infected through contact with infected animals or their products, as well as through breathing in tiny particles from infected materials or contact with contaminated soil. Symptoms of anthrax vary depending on the type of exposure but can include fever, chills, fatigue, cough, chest pain, and skin wounds. Inhalation anthrax is the most severe form and can be deadly if not treated immediately. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and prevention measures include vaccination for at-risk populations, such as veterinarians and livestock handlers, as well as surveillance of animal populations.

toxoplasmosis
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(doença por toxoplasma)

(doença por toxoplasma)

toxoplasmose

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/tˌɑːksəplɐzmˈoʊsɪs/
substantivo

a parasitic disease that mainly affects unborn children and is mostly transmitted through undercooked meat, soil, or cat feces

What is "toxoplasmosis"?

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It can affect humans and animals. People can get infected by eating undercooked contaminated meat, especially pork, lamb, or venison, or by digesting water, soil, or food contaminated with the parasite's eggs. In most healthy individuals, toxoplasmosis causes mild flu-like symptoms or no symptoms at all. However, it can be serious for pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to complications such as birth problems or severe illness. Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly, washing fruits and vegetables, and avoiding contact with cat feces.

dengue fever
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(febre dengue)

(febre dengue)

dengue

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/dˈɛnɡi fˈiːvɚ/
substantivo

a mosquito-borne viral infection causing flu-like symptoms and, in severe cases, potentially leading to hemorrhagic fever or shock

synonymbreakbone fever
synonymdandy fever
synonymdengue
example
Exemplo
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Dengue fever is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes.
Public health campaigns educate communities on preventing dengue fever.
Travelers to regions with a high risk of dengue fever should be careful of mosquito bites.
What is "dengue fever"?

Dengue fever is a viral illness spread by mosquitoes infected with the dengue virus. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions. Symptoms typically include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and skin rash. In serious cases, dengue fever can lead to life-threatening conditions characterized by intense bleeding, organ failure, and dangerously low blood pressure. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications, with rest, hydration, and pain relief medications. Prevention measures include reducing mosquito breeding areas, using insect repellents, and wearing protective clothing to avoid mosquito bites. Also, vaccines are available in some countries to prevent dengue fever.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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(febre manchada das Montanhas Rochosas)

(febre manchada das Montanhas Rochosas)

febre maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas

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/ɹˈɑːki mˈaʊntɪn spˈɑːɾᵻd fˈiːvɚ/
substantivo

a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, characterized by fever, rash, and, if untreated, potential complications involving multiple organ systems

synonymtick fever
example
Exemplo
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Early symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever may include fever, headache, and muscle aches.
Prompt treatment with antibiotics is essential to prevent severe outcomes in Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Ongoing research aims to improve public awareness regarding Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
What is "Rocky Mountain spotted fever"?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a bacterial infection spread by the bite of infected ticks, particularly the American dog tick and the Rocky Mountain wood tick. It is most common in North and South America. Symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever typically include high fever, headache, muscle aches, and a spotted rash that usually starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads to the rest of the body. In serious cases, it can lead to complications such as organ damage, neurological problems, or even death if not treated immediately with antibiotics. Prevention involves avoiding tick bites through protective clothing, insect repellents, and avoiding areas with a lot of ticks.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
West Nile virus
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(vírus West Nile)

(vírus West Nile)

vírus do Nilo Ocidental

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/wˈɛst nˈaɪl vˈaɪɹəs/
substantivo

a mosquito-borne virus that can cause mild to severe illness, with symptoms ranging from fever and body aches to neurological complications

synonymWest Nile encephalitis virus
example
Exemplo
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West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
There is no specific antiviral treatment for West Nile virus.
Diagnosis involves blood tests to detect the presence of West Nile virus antibodies.
What is "West Nile virus"?

West Nile virus is a viral infection spread mainly through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly those of the Culex species. Most people infected with West Nile virus experience no symptoms or only mild flu-like symptoms. However, in some cases, particularly in older adults or individuals with weakened immune systems, it can cause serious illness such as West Nile fever, which may have symptoms like high fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and rash. In rare instances, West Nile virus can lead to serious neurological conditions. There is no specific treatment for West Nile virus, so management focuses on relieving symptoms and supportive care. Prevention measures include avoiding mosquito bites by using insect repellents and wearing protective clothing.

Informações Gramaticais:

Substantivo Composto
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