Lecția 5B

The origin of the idiom "an arm and leg" is uncertain, but it is believed to have become popular in the mid-20th century, possibly influenced by similar expressions that imply a significant cost or sacrifice. This phrase is used to describe something that is excessively expensive or requires a significant sacrifice in terms of cost or effort.

The origin of the idiom "make ends meet" is uncertain, but it dates back to at least the 17th century and is thought to have originated from accounting or financial terminology. It is used to describe the act of managing one's finances in a way that allows them to cover all their expenses with their available income, without going into debt or experiencing financial hardship.

The phrase "in the red" originates from the practice of using red ink to indicate negative amounts or deficits in financial records and accounting ledgers. This idiom is used to describe a financial situation where expenses exceed income, resulting in a negative balance or deficit.

The idiom "in the black" originated in the world of finance and accounting, where it is used to describe a business or organization that is profitable and has positive net income. The idiom is commonly used to describe a range of scenarios, such as when a company's profits exceed its expenses, when an individual's savings exceed their debts, or when a non-profit organization has enough funds to cover its expenses and operations.

The origin of the idiom "tighten one's belt" can be traced back to the practice of tightening one's belt to make clothing fit more snugly around the waist. This phrase is used to describe the act of reducing spending and living more frugally in response to financial difficulties or a need to save money.

The origin of the phrase "live beyond one's means" is not specific, but it is a reflection of the idea that individuals should only spend as much as they can afford, based on their income and resources. This idiom is used to describe a lifestyle where a person spends more money than their income can comfortably support, leading to financial difficulties or debt.

A fare is the fee paid for a service, especially for transportation, such as buses, trains, or taxis. It can also apply to fees for things like ridesharing services or ferry rides. The amount of a fare often depends on factors like distance, time, or type of service. The purpose of a fare is to cover the cost of providing the service, helping to maintain and operate transportation systems and ensure they are accessible to users.

A grant is a sum of money provided by an organization, government, or foundation to support a specific purpose or project. Grants are typically given to individuals, organizations, or institutions that meet certain criteria, and they do not need to be repaid. They can be awarded for a variety of reasons, such as funding research, supporting education, or assisting with community development. Grants are often based on need, merit, or specific goals that align with the goals of the granting organization.

Quotes are punctuation marks used to enclose direct speech, written dialogue, or text that is being cited from another source. They typically come in pairs, either as double quotes (“ ”) or single quotes (‘ ’). For example, in the sentence "The teacher asked, 'Are you ready?'" the quotes indicate the exact words spoken by the teacher. Quotes are also used to highlight specific terms or phrases, making it clear that the enclosed text is significant or borrowed from another source. By clearly marking spoken or cited content, quotes help maintain accuracy and clarity in writing.