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Syntax

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1-
catena
2-
grammatical relation
3-
function word
4-
antecedent
5-
binding
6-
control
7-
coreference
8-
do-support
9-
exceptional case-marking
10-
extraposition
11-
gapping
12-
verb stacking
13-
gap
14-
pseudogapping
15-
raising
16-
right node raising
17-
shifting
18-
stripping
19-
topicalization
20-
tough movement
21-
inchoative aspect
22-
cataphora
23-
declension
24-
telicity
25-
parenthesis
26-
interrogative
27-
apposition
28-
coordination
29-
number
30-
gender
31-
person
32-
first-person
33-
plural form
34-
masculine
35-
neuter
36-
feminine
37-
part of speech
38-
closed-class word
39-
open-class word
40-
agreement
41-
grammatical case
42-
subordinate conjunction
43-
conjunction
44-
coordinate conjunction
45-
correlative conjunction
46-
subject-verb agreement
47-
interposition
48-
wh-word
49-
functional category
50-
complementizer
51-
intensifier
52-
periphrasis
53-
interjection
54-
adjunct
55-
disjunct
56-
noun modifier
57-
binomial
58-
mood
59-
tense
60-
verb
61-
noun
62-
pronoun
63-
adjective
64-
determiner
65-
adverb
66-
adposition
67-
solecism
68-
pro-drop language
69-
topic-prominent language
70-
anaphora
catena
substantiv
c
k
a
ə
t
t
e
i
n
n
a
ə
Spelling
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(succesiune)

(succesiune)

lanț

a sequence or chain of linguistic units, such as words or morphemes, that are linked together to form a larger structure

What is a "catena"?

A catena is a linguistic term that refers to a chain of related words or phrases that are connected by their meanings, often forming a coherent unit within a sentence or discourse. This concept emphasizes how different elements of language work together to create meaning. For example, in the phrase "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog," each word contributes to the overall meaning, forming a catena that conveys a specific image or idea. Understanding catenae is important for analyzing how language is structured and how meaning is generated through the relationships between words.

grammatical relation
substantiv
uk flag
/ɡɹɐmˈæɾɪkəl ɹɪlˈeɪʃən/
(raport gramatical)

(raport gramatical)

relație gramaticală

the relationship between words or constituents in a sentence that determines their roles and functions within the sentence

What is "grammatical relation"?

Grammatical relation refers to the way in which words or phrases in a sentence are connected and how they interact with one another based on their roles and functions. This concept helps identify the relationships between subjects, verbs, objects, and other sentence elements. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased the cat," "the dog" is the subject, "chased" is the verb, and "the cat" is the object. Understanding grammatical relations is important for analyzing sentence structure, as it clarifies how meaning is constructed and how different components contribute to the overall message.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
function word
substantiv
uk flag
/fˈʌŋkʃən wˈɜːd/
(cuvânt gramatical)

(cuvânt gramatical)

cuvânt funcțional

a type of word that serves a grammatical or structural role in a sentence rather than carrying lexical meaning

What is a "function word"?

A function word is a type of word that has little lexical meaning but serves to express grammatical relationships between other words within a sentence. These words help convey the structure and meaning of sentences by indicating things like tense, mood, conjunctions, and prepositions. Examples of function words include articles like "the" and "a," prepositions like "in" and "on," conjunctions like "and" and "but," and auxiliary verbs like "is" and "have." Understanding function words is important for grasping how sentences are constructed and how meaning is communicated in language.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
antecedent
substantiv
a
æ
n
n
t
t
e
ɛ
c
s
e
ə
d
d
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(predecesor)

(predecesor)

antecedent

a word, phrase, or clause that is mentioned prior to a pronoun or anaphoric expression and to which the pronoun or anaphor refers

What is an "antecedent"?

An antecedent is a word or phrase that is referred to by a pronoun later in a sentence or discourse. It provides the meaning or context for the pronoun, helping to clarify who or what is being discussed. For example, in the sentence "The teacher assigned homework, and she explained the project," "the teacher" is the antecedent of the pronoun "she." Understanding antecedents is important for maintaining coherence in language, as it ensures that pronouns are clearly connected to their corresponding nouns, enhancing clarity in communication.

binding
substantiv
b
b
i
n
n
d
d
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(obligație)

(obligație)

legare

a concept within the field of syntax and semantics in linguistics that refers to the grammatical and semantic relationships between pronouns, reflexives, and their antecedents within a sentence or discourse

What is "binding"?

Binding refers to the relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent, where the meaning of the pronoun is determined by the antecedent it refers to. This relationship helps establish clarity in sentences, ensuring that readers or listeners understand which noun the pronoun is linked to. For example, in the sentence "The dog chased its tail," the pronoun "its" is bound to the antecedent "the dog," indicating that the tail belongs to the dog. Understanding binding is important for analyzing sentence structure and ensuring clear communication, as it helps avoid ambiguity in referring expressions.

control
substantiv
c
k
o
ə
n
n
t
t
r
r
o
l
l
(reglare)

(reglare)

control

a syntactic relationship between two clauses where the subject of one clause determines the interpretation or reference of an element in the other clause

What is "control"?

Control refers to a grammatical relationship in which one noun or pronoun determines the meaning of another related element in a sentence. This often involves a noun controlling a pronoun, so that the pronoun clearly refers back to the noun. For example, in the sentence "The teacher wants her students to succeed," the noun "teacher" controls the pronoun "her," showing that "her" refers to the teacher. Understanding control helps clarify how words relate to each other, making sentences easier to understand.

coreference
substantiv
c
k
o
ɔ:
r
r
e
ɛ
f
f
e
r
r
e
ə
n
n
c
s
e
(co-referență)

(co-referență)

coreferință

a linguistic relationship where two or more linguistic expressions within a discourse refer to the same entity in the world

What is "coreference"?

Coreference is a linguistic concept that occurs when two or more expressions in a sentence or discourse refer to the same entity. This often involves a pronoun and its antecedent, where the pronoun points back to the noun or phrase mentioned earlier. For example, in the sentence "Sarah lost her book, and she is looking for it," the pronoun "she" is in coreference with "Sarah," and "it" refers back to "the book." Understanding coreference is important for clarity in communication, as it helps ensure that the relationships between different expressions are clear and unambiguous.

do-support
substantiv
uk flag
/dˈuːsəpˈoːɹt/
(do-support (sustinere realizată cu 'do'))

(do-support (sustinere realizată cu 'do'))

sustinere prin 'do'

a syntactic phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, and emphatic statements in certain contexts

What is "do-support"?

Do-support is a grammatical phenomenon in English where the auxiliary verb "do" is used to form questions, negatives, or emphatic statements when there is no other auxiliary verb present. For example, in the sentence "He likes ice cream," the question form would be "Does he like ice cream?" Here, "does" serves as the auxiliary verb that helps form the question. Similarly, in the negative sentence "He does not like ice cream," "does" is used to express negation. Understanding do-support is important for grasping how English structures questions and negative sentences, making it easier to communicate effectively.

exceptional case-marking
substantiv
uk flag
/ɛksˈɛpʃənəl kˈeɪsmˈɑːɹkɪŋ/
(caz excepțional de marcare)

(caz excepțional de marcare)

marcare de caz excepțional

a syntactic phenomenon in which a verb assigns accusative case to a noun phrase that is syntactically an object but semantically related to a higher clause

What is "exceptional case-marking"?

Exceptional case-marking is a grammatical feature found in some languages where a subject takes a specific case that differs from the usual pattern. This often happens when the subject appears in certain sentence structures or with particular verbs. For example, in some languages, a subject that normally would be marked with one case might instead use another case in specific contexts. Understanding exceptional case-marking helps clarify how different languages assign grammatical roles, highlighting unique rules within their structures.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
extraposition
substantiv
e
ɛ
x
ks
t
t
r
r
a
ə
p
p
o
ə
s
z
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(extrapozare)

(extrapozare)

extrapozitie

a syntactic process in which a constituent is moved from its canonical position to a non-canonical position in a sentence for the purpose of improving readability or emphasizing certain elements

What is "extraposition"?

Extraposition is a grammatical construction where a phrase, often a subject or object, is moved to the end of a sentence for clarity or emphasis. This typically involves a clause or noun phrase that is usually placed at the beginning of the sentence but is instead positioned after the main verb, using a placeholder like "it" or "there" to maintain sentence structure. For example, in the sentence "It is important to study," the clause "to study" is placed after the verb "is," while "it" serves as a placeholder. Extraposition can create a smoother flow in sentences and make complex ideas easier to understand by placing emphasis on the main verb or action.

gapping
substantiv
g
g
a
æ
pp
p
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(absentare)

(absentare)

gapare

a syntactic phenomenon where non-finite verbs or verb phrases are omitted in coordinated clauses, with only the shared elements being expressed, resulting in a shortened or elliptical sentence structure

What is "gapping"?

Gapping is a grammatical phenomenon where elements that are repeated in a sentence are omitted to avoid redundancy. This often occurs in coordinated clauses, where the shared components are left out, making the sentence more concise. For example, in the sentence "John likes pizza, and Mary, pasta," the verb "likes" is omitted after "Mary" because it is understood from the first part of the sentence. Gapping helps create more efficient communication by eliminating unnecessary repetition while still conveying the intended meaning.

verb stacking
substantiv
uk flag
/vˈɜːb stˈækɪŋ/
(îmbinarea verbelor)

(îmbinarea verbelor)

stivuirea verbelor

a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are consecutively combined in a single clause without explicit marking or coordination, resulting in a complex verb phrase

What is "verb stacking"?

Verb stacking is a linguistic phenomenon where multiple verbs are used in sequence without conjunctions to express a series of actions or states. This construction often allows speakers to convey complex ideas in a compact form. For example, in the phrase "She came, saw, conquered," the verbs "came," "saw," and "conquered" are stacked to convey a series of actions performed by the subject. Verb stacking can be an effective way to enhance the rhythm and flow of language while emphasizing the relationship between the actions described.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
gap
substantiv
g
g
a
æ
p
p
(lacuna)

(lacuna)

gap

an empty or unpronounced position within a sentence or phrase, typically representing a missing word or element that is implied or understood from the context

What is a "gap"?

In linguistics, a gap refers to the absence of a word or phrase that is expected in a sentence, usually because it has been omitted for clarity or efficiency. Gaps often occur in constructions like gapping, where repeated elements are left out, or in relative clauses, where the missing element is understood from the context. For example, in the sentence "I want to go hiking, and she does too," there is a gap after "does" where the phrase "want to go hiking" would typically be expected. Understanding gaps is important for analyzing sentence structure and how meaning is conveyed in language without unnecessary repetition.

pseudogapping
substantiv
p
s
s
eu
u:
d
d
o
g
g
a
æ
pp
p
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(gapare falsă)

(gapare falsă)

pseudogapare

a sentence structure where a verb is missing, but the meaning can still be understood based on the context, creating a sense of omission or gap in the sentence

What is "pseudogapping"?

Pseudogapping is a linguistic phenomenon that occurs when a part of a sentence is omitted, but the sentence still retains its grammatical structure and meaning. This often happens in coordinated clauses, where the main verb is left out, but the rest of the clause remains intact. For example, in the sentence "He can play the guitar, and she can the piano," the verb "play" is omitted in the second clause, creating a gap while still conveying the intended meaning. Pseudogapping allows for a more concise expression of ideas and highlights the relationship between the clauses while avoiding unnecessary repetition.

raising
substantiv
r
r
ai
s
z
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(elevare)

(elevare)

ridicare

a syntactic process in which a verb or predicate raises its subject to a higher syntactic position, often resulting in a mismatch between the surface structure and the underlying syntactic structure

What is "raising"?

Raising is a grammatical process where a subject or object appears to move from a subordinate clause to the main clause of a sentence. This typically occurs with verbs that describe a state or condition. For example, in the sentence "It seems that John is happy," the subject "John" is raised from the subordinate clause "that John is happy" to the main clause, with "It seems" being the main focus. Raising helps make sentences clearer by showing the connection between the clauses in a straightforward way.

right node raising
substantiv
uk flag
/ɹˈaɪt nˈoʊd ɹˈeɪzɪŋ/
(ridicarea corectă a nodului)

(ridicarea corectă a nodului)

ridicarea nodului drept

a syntactic phenomenon where multiple constituents to the right of a shared verb are "raised" or elided, except for the rightmost one, creating a parallel structure

What is "right node raising"?

Right node raising is a grammatical construction in which a shared element at the end of coordinated clauses is omitted for efficiency, while the main parts of the clauses remain intact. This typically involves a phrase that is common to both parts of the sentence being placed at the end, creating a clearer and more concise expression. For example, in the sentence "Jack cooks and Mary eats the meal," the phrase "the meal" is shared between the two clauses. Another example includes "Jane has promised but Mark refuses to help with spring cleaning," where "to help with spring cleaning" is the shared element. Right node raising allows for more efficient communication by eliminating redundancy while still conveying the intended meaning.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
shifting
substantiv
sh
ʃ
i
ɪ
f
f
t
t
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(reordonare)

(reordonare)

schimbare

the movement or reordering of constituents within a sentence, often for reasons of emphasis, focus, or stylistic variation

What is "shifting"?

Shifting is a linguistic phenomenon where the focus or perspective in a sentence changes, often involving the movement of a subject or an object to indicate a different viewpoint or context. This can occur in various forms, such as changing the subject from one noun to another or altering the grammatical structure to reflect a new emphasis. For example, in the sentence "The cake was eaten by the children," shifting could change to "The children ate the cake," where the focus shifts from the cake to the children as the subjects. Shifting helps clarify or highlight different aspects of a sentence, enhancing the understanding of who or what is involved in the action.

stripping
substantiv
s
s
t
t
r
r
i
ɪ
pp
p
i
ɪ
n
n
g
g
(ridicare)

(ridicare)

omisiune

(in syntax) a process of omitting some words or phrases of a clause which are repetitive and could be understood from the context

What is "stripping"?

Stripping is a linguistic phenomenon where part of a sentence is omitted for emphasis, usually involving the removal of a repeated element while retaining the core meaning. This often occurs in responses to questions or statements. For example, in the exchange "Do you like apples?" a stripped response might be "I do," omitting the repeated phrase "like apples." Another example is "I enjoy hiking, but my brother does not enjoy hiking" being stripped to "I like hiking, but my brother does not." Stripping enhances communication by eliminating redundancy while still making the intended meaning clear.

topicalization
substantiv
t
t
o
ɑ:
p
p
i
ɪ
c
k
a
ə
l
l
i
z
z
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(tematizare)

(tematizare)

topicizare

the linguistic process of placing a specific word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence to highlight and give emphasis to the topic being discussed

What is "topicalization"?

Topicalization is a grammatical process where a specific element of a sentence is moved to the front to emphasize it as the main topic of discussion. This rearrangement highlights the importance of the moved element, making it the focus of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "She baked a cake for the party," topicalization can change it to "For the party, she baked a cake." Here, "For the party" is emphasized as the main topic. Topicalization helps clarify what is being discussed and guides the listener's or reader's attention to specific information in a sentence.

tough movement
substantiv
uk flag
/tˈʌf mˈuːvmənt/
(mișcare complexă)

(mișcare complexă)

mișcare dificilă

a syntactic phenomenon in which the object of a verb appears to move to the subject position in a sentence, often resulting in a complex and challenging grammatical structure

What is "tough movement"?

Tough movement is a grammatical phenomenon where a subject or object that typically follows a verb is moved to a different position in the sentence, often for emphasis or clarity. This movement involves rephrasing sentences to highlight the action or the noun involved. For example, in the sentence "This task is hard to complete," tough movement can change it to "It is hard to complete this task." Another variation is "To complete this task is hard." Similarly, in the sentence "This book is interesting to read," tough movement can change it to "It is interesting to read this book." Another version is "To read this book is interesting." In these variations, the focus shifts to the action or quality being emphasized, while keeping the overall meaning intact.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
inchoative aspect
substantiv
uk flag
/ˈɪntʃoʊtˌɪv ˈæspɛkt/
(aspect inaugural)

(aspect inaugural)

aspect inchoativ

a grammatical aspect that indicates the beginning or initiation of an action or state

What is the "inchoative aspect"?

Inchoative aspect is a grammatical feature that describes the beginning or emergence of a state or action. It indicates a change of state, focusing on the process of something starting or coming into existence rather than its completion. For example, in the sentence "She began to cry," where "began" marks the onset of the action. Understanding inchoative aspect helps convey the idea of change over time, emphasizing the initial stages of actions or states.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
cataphora
substantiv
c
k
a
æ
t
t
a
a
ph
f
o
o:
r
r
a
ə
(anticipație)

(anticipație)

catafora

(grammar) the use of a word or phrase that refers to or has the same meaning as a later word

What is "cataphora"?

Cataphora is a linguistic phenomenon where a word or phrase refers to another word or phrase that follows it in a sentence. This often occurs when a pronoun or other referring expression appears before the noun it refers to, creating a sense of anticipation for the reader or listener. For example, in the sentence "Before she entered the room, Mary felt nervous," the pronoun "she" is a cataphor that refers to "Mary," which appears later in the sentence. Cataphora can add variety to sentence structure and guide attention to the information that follows, enhancing clarity and engagement in communication.

Informații Gramaticale:

declension
substantiv
d
d
e
ə
c
k
l
l
e
ɛ
n
n
s
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(declinatie)

(declinatie)

declinare

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

What is "declension"?

Declension is a grammatical process in which nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and sometimes articles change their form to express different grammatical categories such as case, number, and gender. This process helps indicate the role of a word in a sentence, such as whether it is a subject, object, or possessive. For example, in Latin, the noun "puella," meaning "girl," can change to "puellae" for the genitive case, meaning "of the girl." In English, declension is less prominent but can be seen in pronouns, such as "I," used as a subject, "me," used as an object, and "my," used for possession. Understanding declension is important for analyzing how different languages convey meaning through word forms and their relationships in sentences.

telicity
substantiv
t
t
e
ɛ
l
l
i
ɪ
c
s
i
ɪ
t
t
y
i
(telic)

(telic)

telicitate

the property of a verb or an event that indicates whether it is viewed as having a definite endpoint or culmination, distinguishing between activities and accomplishments or achievements

What is "telicity"?

Telicity is a linguistic concept that refers to the inherent property of a verb or action to indicate whether it has a defined endpoint or goal. An action is considered telic if it has a clear completion point, while it is considered atelic if it does not. For example, in the sentence "She built a sandcastle," the verb "built" is telic because it implies a completed action with a specific endpoint, which is the finished sandcastle. In contrast, in the sentence "She is running," the verb "running" is atelic because it describes an ongoing action without a specified endpoint. Understanding telicity helps clarify the nature of actions in language, particularly in relation to time and aspect.

parenthesis
substantiv
p
p
a
ɜ
r
r
e
ɛ
n
n
th
θ
e
ə
s
s
i
ɪ
s
s
(explicație)

(explicație)

paranteză

a word, sentence, etc. that is explanatory and the meaning of the sentence is complete without it being inserted, usually coming between curved brackets, commas or dashes

What is a "parenthesis"?

A parenthesis is an explanatory word, phrase, or sentence that adds additional information to a main statement but is not essential for understanding the overall meaning. This extra information can be placed within curved brackets, commas, or dashes. For example, in the sentence "The car, which was red, sped past," the phrase "which was red" provides extra detail about the car but can be removed without changing the main point. Parentheses help clarify or elaborate on ideas while keeping the original message intact.

Informații Gramaticale:

interrogative
substantiv
i
ɪ
n
n
t
t
e
ɛ
rr
r
o
ə
g
g
a
ə
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e
(întrebare)

(întrebare)

interogativ

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

What is an "interrogative"?

An interrogative is a grammatical term that refers to a word or sentence that asks a question. Interrogatives are often used to seek information, clarification, or confirmation. In English, common interrogative words include "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how." For example, the sentence "What time is it?" is an interrogative sentence because it asks for specific information about the time. Interrogatives can be formed in various ways, such as using auxiliary verbs, like in the question "Are you coming to the party?" Understanding interrogatives is important for effective communication, as they help gather information and engage in dialogue.

Informații Gramaticale:

apposition
substantiv
a
a
pp
p
o
ə
s
z
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(apozitiv)

(apozitiv)

apoziție

(grammar) the use of two adjacent noun phrases having the same referent that have the same syntactical role in a sentence

What is "apposition"?

Apposition is a grammatical construction where two noun phrases are placed next to each other, with one noun phrase providing additional information about the other. The two phrases usually refer to the same person or thing, and the second phrase clarifies or specifies the first. For example, in the sentence "My brother, a skilled musician, plays the guitar," the phrase "a skilled musician" is in apposition to "my brother," offering more detail about him. Apposition can help provide context or elaboration without needing to create separate sentences, enhancing clarity and depth in communication.

coordination
substantiv
c
k
oo
oʊɔ
r
r
d
d
i
ə
n
n
a
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(coordonare gramaticală)

(coordonare gramaticală)

coordonare

a grammatical process where two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance are joined together using conjunctions like "and" or "or" to express a relationship between them

What is "coordination"?

Coordination is a grammatical process that connects words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance in a sentence, allowing them to be joined together using coordinating conjunctions. Common coordinating conjunctions include "and," "but," and "or." For example, in the sentence "She likes to read, and he enjoys writing," the clauses "She likes to read" and "he enjoys writing" are coordinated, indicating that both actions are equally important. Coordination helps create compound structures that enhance the flow of language and can make sentences more complex and informative without losing clarity.

number
substantiv
n
n
u
ʌ
m
m
b
b
e
ə
r
r
(numărul gramatic)

(numărul gramatic)

număr

(grammar) the form of a word that indicates whether one, two, or more things or people are being referred to

What is "number"?

Number is a grammatical category that indicates the quantity of a noun, pronoun, or verb in a sentence. It typically reflects whether something is singular, meaning one, or plural, meaning more than one. For example, in the sentence "The cat is sleeping," the noun "cat" is singular, indicating one animal. In contrast, in the sentence "The cats are sleeping," the noun "cats" is plural, indicating multiple animals. Number also affects verb forms and agreement in many languages, requiring that the verb matches the subject in terms of singularity or plurality. Understanding number is essential for proper sentence structure and clarity in communication.

gender
substantiv
g
ʤ
e
ɛ
n
n
d
d
e
ɜ
r
r
(genul gramatical)

(genul gramatical)

gen

(grammar) a class of words indicating whether they are feminine, masculine, or neuter

What is "gender"?

Gender is a grammatical category that classifies nouns, pronouns, and adjectives based on their association with masculine, feminine, or neuter qualities. This classification can affect word forms and agreement in a sentence. For example, in languages like Spanish and French, nouns are often assigned a gender, such as "doctor," which can be "médico" for a male doctor and "médica" for a female doctor in Spanish. In English, gender is less prominent, but it still appears in pronouns, such as "he" for masculine and "she" for feminine. Understanding gender is important for maintaining grammatical agreement and clarity in communication.

person
substantiv
p
p
e
ɜ
r
r
s
s
o
ə
n
n
(gramatica persoanei)

(gramatica persoanei)

persoană

(grammar) each of the three classes of pronouns that refers to who is speaking, who is being spoken to, or others that are not present during the conversation

What is "person"?

Person is a grammatical category that indicates the relationship between the speaker, the listener, and others in a sentence. It is typically divided into three categories: first person, second person, and third person. First person refers to the speaker or speakers, using pronouns like "I" and "we." Second person refers to the listener or listeners, using the pronoun "you." Third person refers to someone or something that is neither the speaker nor the listener, using pronouns like "he," "she," "it," and "they." Understanding person is essential for clear communication, as it helps identify who is involved in the action or discussion within a sentence.

first-person
substantiv
uk flag
/ˈfɝstˌpɝsən/
(perspectivă la prima persoană)

(perspectivă la prima persoană)

persoană I

(grammar) a set of linguistic structures that refer to the speaker or writer of the discourse

What is "first-person"?

First person is a grammatical category that refers to the speaker or speakers in a sentence. It is used with pronouns such as "I" for singular and "we" for plural. First-person perspective allows the speaker to express personal experiences, thoughts, and feelings. For example, in the sentence "I am going to the store," "I" is a first-person pronoun indicating that the speaker is talking about themselves. Similarly, in the sentence "We enjoyed the concert," "we" indicates a group that includes the speaker. Using the first person helps create a sense of immediacy and personal connection in communication.

plural form
substantiv
uk flag
/plˈʊɹəl fˈɔːɹm/
(pluralul)

(pluralul)

forma plurală

a grammatical structure or form of a word that refers to more than one

singular
What is "plural form"?

Plural form is a grammatical category that indicates that a noun, pronoun, or verb refers to more than one person, animal, thing, or concept. In English, plural nouns are often formed by adding "s" or "es" to the singular form. For example, the singular noun "cat" becomes "cats," and "box" becomes "boxes." Plural forms can also change entirely, as seen with the singular noun "child," which becomes "children." In addition to nouns, pronouns also have plural forms, such as "I" changing to "we" and "he" or "she" changing to "they." Understanding plural form is important for ensuring grammatical accuracy and clarity in communication.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
masculine
substantiv
m
m
a
æ
s
s
c
k
u
j
ə
l
l
i
ə
n
n
e
(genul masculin)

(genul masculin)

masculin

(grammar) a word or grammatical form that refers to males

What is "masculine"?

Masculine is a grammatical category that refers to nouns, pronouns, and adjectives associated with male characteristics or qualities. In languages that mark gender, masculine forms are often used to denote male people or animals. For example, in Spanish, the word "ingeniero," meaning "engineer," is masculine, and it is used with masculine adjectives, such as "alto," meaning "tall," to form "ingeniero alto," meaning "tall engineer." In English, masculine is primarily reflected in pronouns, such as "he" and "him." Understanding the masculine gender is essential for maintaining grammatical agreement and clarity in communication, especially in languages with specific gender rules.

neuter
substantiv
n
n
eu
u
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
(gen neutru)

(gen neutru)

neutru

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

What is "neuter"?

Neuter is a grammatical category that refers to nouns, pronouns, and adjectives that do not have a specific masculine or feminine gender. Neuter forms are often used for objects, concepts, or animals when the gender is unknown or irrelevant. In English, common neuter pronouns include "it" and "its." For example, in the sentence "The dog is sleeping; it is tired," the pronoun "it" is used to refer to the dog without indicating its gender. In languages that distinguish gender, such as German, neuter nouns are marked with specific articles, such as "das," meaning "the" for neuter nouns. Understanding neuter gender is important for ensuring grammatical accuracy and clarity in communication.

feminine
substantiv
f
f
e
ɛ
m
m
i
ə
n
n
i
ə
n
n
e
(genul feminin)

(genul feminin)

feminin

(grammar) a word or grammatical form that refers to females

What is "feminine"?

Feminine is a grammatical category that refers to nouns, pronouns, and adjectives associated with female characteristics or qualities. In languages that mark gender, feminine forms are often used to denote female people or animals. For example, in Spanish, the word "médica," meaning "female doctor," is feminine, and it is used with feminine adjectives, such as "inteligente," meaning "intelligent," to form "médica inteligente," meaning "intelligent female doctor." In English, feminine is primarily reflected in pronouns, such as "she" and "her." Understanding the feminine gender is essential for maintaining grammatical agreement and clarity in communication, especially in languages with specific gender rules.

part of speech
frază
uk flag
/pˈɑːɹt ʌv spˈiːtʃ/
N/A

N/A

(grammar) any of the grammatical classes that words are categorized into, based on their usage in a sentence

What is "part of speech"?

Part of speech is a grammatical category that describes the role a word plays in a sentence. The main parts of speech include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech serves a specific function, such as naming people or things, replacing nouns, expressing actions or states of being, describing nouns, modifying verbs or adjectives, showing relationships between words, connecting phrases or clauses, and expressing emotions. Understanding the different parts of speech is essential for constructing clear and grammatically correct sentences, as it helps identify how words interact within a sentence.

closed-class word
substantiv
uk flag
/klˈoʊzdklˈæs wˈɜːd/
(cuvânt de clasă închisă)

(cuvânt de clasă închisă)

cuvânt din clasa închisă

a category of words that has a limited number of members and does not readily accept new additions, including pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, and certain adverbs

What is a "closed-class word"?

A closed-class word is a word that belongs to a grammatical category with a limited and fixed number of members. These words typically include function words such as prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, and articles. Examples of closed-class words are "and," "but," "in," "the," and "she." Unlike open-class words, which can easily accept new additions, like nouns and verbs, closed-class words do not change or expand frequently. Understanding closed-class words is important for analyzing sentence structure and the grammatical relationships between words, as they play a crucial role in connecting ideas and providing context within sentences.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
open-class word
substantiv
uk flag
/ˈoʊpənklˈæs wˈɜːd/
(cuvânt flexibil)

(cuvânt flexibil)

cuvânt de clasă deschisă

a category of words that can expand and accept new members, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

What is an "open-class word"?

An open-class word is a word that belongs to a grammatical category with a relatively unlimited number of members, allowing for the addition of new words as language evolves. These words typically include nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. Unlike closed-class words, which have a fixed set of members, open-class words can readily accept new additions, reflecting changes in culture, technology, and other areas of life. Understanding open-class words is essential for vocabulary development and effective communication, as they provide the content and meaning in sentences.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
agreement
substantiv
a
ə
g
g
r
r
ee
i:
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
(acord)

(acord)

concordanță

(grammar) the situation where words in a phrase have the same gender, person, or number

What is "agreement"?

Agreement is a grammatical concept that refers to the correspondence between different parts of a sentence in terms of number, gender, case, or person. This typically involves ensuring that subjects and verbs match in number, singular or plural, and that nouns and pronouns agree in gender and number. For example, in the sentence "The cat sleeps," the singular subject "cat" agrees with the singular verb "sleeps." Agreement is important for maintaining clarity and grammatical correctness in communication, helping to convey the intended meaning of sentences.

grammatical case
substantiv
uk flag
/ɡɹɐmˈæɾɪkəl kˈeɪs/
(caz sintactic)

(caz sintactic)

caz gramatical

a linguistic category that indicates the relationship of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, typically reflecting its role as a subject, object, or modifier

What is "grammatical case"?

Grammatical case is a linguistic category that indicates the function of a noun, pronoun, or adjective within a sentence. It shows the relationship between words and often reflects their role, such as the subject, object, or possessive form. Different languages have various cases, but common ones include nominative for the subject, accusative for the direct object, genitive for possession, and dative for the indirect object. For example, in English, the pronoun "I" is in the nominative case when used as a subject, while "me" is in the accusative case when used as an object. Understanding grammatical case is important for proper sentence structure and meaning, as it helps clarify the roles of words in a sentence.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
subordinate conjunction
substantiv
uk flag
/sʌbˈoːɹdᵻnət kəndʒˈʌŋkʃən/
(conjuncție subordinantă)

(conjuncție subordinantă)

conjuncție subordonată

a word or phrase that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a relationship of dependence or subordination between the two clauses

What is a "subordinate conjunction"?

A subordinate conjunction is a word that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause in a sentence, creating a relationship between the two. Subordinate conjunctions introduce the subordinate clause, which cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and relies on the main clause for meaning. Common examples of subordinate conjunctions include "because," "although," "if," "when," and "since." For instance, in the sentence "I will go to the park if it does not rain," the subordinate conjunction "if" introduces the condition that affects the action in the main clause. Understanding subordinate conjunctions is important for constructing complex sentences and conveying clear relationships between ideas.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
conjunction
substantiv
c
k
o
ə
n
n
j
ʤ
u
ə
n
n
c
k
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(legătură)

(legătură)

conjuncție

(grammar) a word such as and, because, but, and or that connects phrases, sentences, or words

What is a "conjunction"?

A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, creating relationships between different parts of the text. The main types of conjunctions include coordinating conjunctions, which connect elements of equal importance, and subordinating conjunctions, which link a dependent clause to an independent clause. Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to connect related elements. Understanding conjunctions is essential for constructing coherent sentences and clarifying relationships between ideas.

coordinate conjunction
substantiv
uk flag
/koʊˈɔːɹdᵻnət kəndʒˈʌŋkʃən/
(conjuncție de coordonare)

(conjuncție de coordonare)

conjuncție coordonatoare

a word or phrase that connects two or more elements of equal grammatical importance, such as words, phrases, or clauses, within a sentence

What is a "coordinate conjunction"?

A coordinating conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal grammatical importance within a sentence. Common coordinating conjunctions include "and," "but," "or," "nor," "for," "so," and "yet." These conjunctions help to combine ideas and create compound sentences. For example, in the sentence "I wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain," the coordinating conjunction "but" connects two independent clauses, indicating a contrast between the two ideas. Understanding coordinating conjunctions is important for creating clear and cohesive sentences.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
correlative conjunction
substantiv
uk flag
/kˈɔːɹɪlətˌɪv kəndʒˈʌŋkʃən/
(conjuncții corelative)

(conjuncții corelative)

conjuncție corelativă

a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect two or more elements of equal importance in a sentence, such as "both...and," "either...or," and "neither...nor"

What is a "correlative conjunction"?

A correlative conjunction is a pair of conjunctions that work together to connect words, phrases, or clauses that have equal grammatical importance within a sentence. Common examples of correlative conjunctions include "either...or," "neither...nor," "both...and," "not only...but also," and "whether...or." These conjunctions emphasize the relationship between the connected elements. For instance, in the sentence "Either you can join us for dinner, or you can stay home," the correlative conjunction "either...or" links two choices. Understanding correlative conjunctions is important for constructing balanced and coherent sentences.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
subject-verb agreement
substantiv
uk flag
/sˈʌbdʒɛktvˈɜːb ɐɡɹˈiːmənt/
(concordanța subiect-verb)

(concordanța subiect-verb)

acord subiect-verb

the grammatical rule that a verb must agree in number and person with its subject, meaning that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb

What is "subject-verb agreement"?

Subject-verb agreement is a grammatical rule that requires the subject of a sentence to match the verb in number and person. This means that singular subjects must be paired with singular verbs, while plural subjects must be paired with plural verbs. For example, in the sentence "The cat runs," the singular subject "cat" agrees with the singular verb "runs." Understanding subject-verb agreement is essential for creating grammatically correct sentences and ensuring clarity in communication.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
interposition
substantiv
i
ɪ
n
n
t
t
e
ə
r
r
p
p
o
ə
s
z
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(întreținere)

(întreținere)

interpoziție

the placement of an element, typically a word or phrase, between other elements in a sentence, disrupting the typical linear order of constituents

What is "interposition"?

Interposition is a grammatical phenomenon where an element, such as a word or phrase, is inserted into a sentence to add information or modify the meaning without altering the overall structure of the sentence. This can occur with various parts of speech, including adjectives, adverbs, or additional phrases, often placed between the subject and the verb or within the verb phrase. For example, in the sentence "She, unexpectedly, arrived late," the adverb "unexpectedly" is interposed between the subject "she" and the verb "arrived." Understanding interposition is important for enhancing sentence clarity and detail while maintaining proper grammatical structure.

wh-word
substantiv
uk flag
/dˌʌbəljˌuːˈeɪtʃwˈɜːd/
(cuvânt relativ)

(cuvânt relativ)

cuvânt interogativ

a word used to introduce a question or a relative clause, typically including words like "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how"

What is a "wh-word"?

A wh-word is a type of word used in questions and relative clauses that typically begins with "wh," such as "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how." These words serve to introduce questions or clauses that seek specific information. For example, in the question "What is your name?" the wh-word "what" prompts the listener to provide specific information about their name. In relative clauses, wh-words like "who" and "which" help to give more information about a noun, as in "The person who called you is waiting." Understanding wh-words is important for forming questions and creating more complex sentences that provide additional detail.

functional category
substantiv
uk flag
/fˈʌŋkʃənəl kˈæɾɪɡɚɹi/
(categorie gramaticală)

(categorie gramaticală)

categorie funcțională

a linguistic category that serves a grammatical or structural function in a sentence

What is a "functional category"?

A functional category is a grammatical category that encompasses words or phrases that serve a specific syntactic function in a sentence rather than conveying lexical meaning. These categories primarily include elements such as determiners, auxiliaries, conjunctions, prepositions, and pronouns. Functional categories help to structure sentences and express relationships between different parts of speech, guiding the reader or listener in understanding the intended meaning. For example, in the phrase "the big dog," the determiner "the" functions to specify the noun "dog," while the adjective "big" provides descriptive information. Understanding functional categories is essential for analyzing sentence structure and comprehension in language.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
complementizer
substantiv
c
k
o
ɑ:
m
m
p
p
l
l
e
ɪ
m
m
e
ɛ
n
n
t
t
i
z
z
e
ə
r
r
(complementizator)

(complementizator)

complementator

a word that joins two parts of a sentence, like the main clause and a subordinate clause, indicating how they relate to each other

What is a "complementizer"?

A complementizer is a word that introduces a complement clause, which is a type of subordinate clause that provides additional information about a noun or verb in the main clause. Complementizers help to connect the main clause with the subordinate clause, clarifying the relationship between them. Common examples of complementizers include "that," "whether," and "if." For instance, in the sentence "She believes that he will come," the complementizer "that" introduces the clause "he will come," which acts as the complement to the verb "believes." Understanding complementizers is important for constructing complex sentences and conveying clear relationships between ideas.

intensifier
substantiv
i
ɪ
n
n
t
t
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
i
ɪ
f
f
ie
aɪə
r
r
(intensificator verbal)

(intensificator verbal)

intensificator

a word or phrase that is used to emphasize or strengthen the meaning of another word or phrase in a sentence

What is an "intensifier"?

An intensifier is a word that strengthens or emphasizes the meaning of an adjective, adverb, or verb in a sentence. Intensifiers enhance the degree or intensity of the word they modify, adding emphasis to the expression. Common examples of intensifiers include words like "very," "extremely," "really," and "absolutely." For instance, in the sentence "She is very talented," the intensifier "very" emphasizes the extent of her talent. Understanding intensifiers is important for conveying emotions and nuances in language, as they can significantly impact the strength of a statement.

periphrasis
substantiv
p
p
e
ə
r
r
i
ɪ
ph
f
r
r
a
æ
s
s
i
i
s
z
(periphrastică)

(periphrastică)

perifrază

a linguistic phenomenon that involves expressing a single grammatical meaning using multiple words or a phrase instead of a single word

What is "periphrasis"?

Periphrasis is a linguistic term that refers to the use of a longer expression or phrase to convey a meaning that could be expressed more clearly with a single word or a shorter phrase. This technique often involves using descriptive language to elaborate on an idea, sometimes for clarity, emphasis, or stylistic reasons. For example, instead of saying "to die," one might use the periphrastic expression "to pass away." Periphrasis can also appear in grammatical structures, such as using auxiliary verbs in place of a single verb form. Understanding periphrasis is important for recognizing variations in language and style, as it can influence tone and clarity in communication.

interjection
substantiv
i
ɪ
n
n
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
j
ʤ
e
ɛ
c
k
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(exclamare)

(exclamare)

interjecție

(grammar) a phrase or word used suddenly to express a particular emotion

What is an "interjection"?

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion or reaction and is often used independently from the main sentence. Interjections can convey a wide range of feelings, such as surprise, joy, anger, or excitement. Common examples include "wow," "ouch," "hey," "oh," and "hurray." Interjections are usually followed by punctuation, such as an exclamation mark, to emphasize the emotional response. For instance, in the sentence "Wow! That is amazing," the interjection "wow" shows excitement. Understanding interjections is important for recognizing how emotions are conveyed in speech and writing, adding depth and expressiveness to communication.

Informații Gramaticale:

adjunct
substantiv
a
æ
d
j
ʤ
u
ə
n
n
c
k
t
t
(adjunct grammatical)

(adjunct grammatical)

element adjunct

a grammatical element that provides additional information or adds extra meaning to a sentence, but is not essential to its basic structure or meaning

What is an "adjunct"?

An adjunct is a word, phrase, or clause that adds extra information to a sentence but is not essential to its grammatical structure. Adjuncts provide additional context, such as time, place, manner, or reason, and can be removed without altering the basic meaning of the sentence. For example, in the sentence "She quickly ran to the store," the phrase "quickly" serves as an adjunct that describes how she ran, while "to the store" indicates where she ran. Understanding adjuncts is important for enhancing sentence clarity and detail, as they allow for richer descriptions without changing the core message.

disjunct
substantiv
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
j
ʤ
u
ʌ
n
n
c
k
t
t
(disjunctiv)

(disjunctiv)

disjunct

an adverbial element that provides additional information or commentary on the main clause or sentence, expressing the speaker's attitude, viewpoint, or evaluation

What is a "disjunct"?

A disjunct is a type of adverb that expresses the speaker's or writer's attitude toward the content of the sentence or comments on how the action is performed. Disjuncts are not essential to the grammatical structure of the sentence and typically modify the entire statement rather than a specific word. Common examples include words or phrases like "frankly," "honestly," and "unfortunately." For instance, in the sentence "Unfortunately, it rained on the parade," the disjunct "unfortunately" indicates the speaker's negative attitude toward the situation. Understanding disjuncts is important for recognizing how speakers convey their opinions about what they are discussing.

noun modifier
substantiv
uk flag
/nˈaʊn mˈɑːdɪfˌaɪɚ/
(modificator de substantiv)

(modificator de substantiv)

modifier nominal

a word or phrase that provides additional information or description about a noun, clarifying its characteristics, qualities, or attributes within a sentence

What is a "noun modifier"?

A noun modifier is a word or group of words that adds information to a noun, helping to describe, limit, or specify its meaning. Noun modifiers can be adjectives, other nouns, or phrases that provide additional details about the noun they modify. For example, in the phrase "the red car," the adjective "red" serves as a noun modifier, describing the color of the car. In "the car's engine," the noun "car" modifies "engine," specifying which engine is being referred to. Understanding noun modifiers is important for creating clearer and more descriptive sentences, as they help convey precise meanings.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
binomial
substantiv
b
b
i
n
n
o
m
m
ia
l
l
(binoame)

(binoame)

binoam

(grammar) a pair of words in the same grammatical category that are joined by a conjunction, usually 'and' or 'or', with a fixed order

What is a "binomial"?

A binomial is a linguistic term that refers to a pair of words or phrases that are connected by a conjunction and typically express related ideas or concepts. Binomials often appear in fixed phrases or expressions and can enhance language by providing rhythm or emphasis. Common examples include "bread and butter," "black and white," and "salt and pepper." In these expressions, the two parts work together to convey a single idea or concept. Understanding binomials is important for recognizing patterns in language and improving fluency in speech and writing.

Informații Gramaticale:

mood
substantiv
m
m
oo
u
d
d
(atitudine)

(atitudine)

mod

(grammar) a group of verb forms that indicate if the action or state is conceived as a statement, question, command or in another way

What is "mood"?

Mood is a grammatical feature that conveys the speaker's attitude toward the action or state described by the verb in a sentence. It reflects how the speaker feels about the likelihood, necessity, or desirability of the action. The three main moods in English are the indicative mood, which states facts or asks questions, such as "She is reading a book," the imperative mood, which gives commands or requests, such as "Close the door," and the subjunctive mood, which expresses wishes, hypothetical situations, or conditions contrary to fact, such as "If I were rich." Understanding mood is essential for grasping the nuances of meaning in language and how speakers express their intentions.

tense
substantiv
t
t
e
ɛ
n
n
s
s
e
(mod)

(mod)

timp

(grammar) a form of the verb that indicates the time or duration of the action or state of the verb

What is "tense"?

Tense is a grammatical feature that shows the time of an action or event in a sentence. It indicates whether something happens in the past, present, or future. For example, the word "walked" shows past action, while "walk" shows present action, and "will walk" indicates future action. Tense helps listeners or readers understand when an action takes place, allowing for clearer communication about time.

verb
substantiv
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
b
b
(verbal)

(verbal)

verb

(grammar) a word or phrase used to describe an action, state, or experience

What is a "verb"?

A verb is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Verbs are essential parts of sentences because they express what the subject does or experiences. For example, in the sentence "She runs," "runs" is the verb that shows the action of running. Verbs can take different forms to indicate tense, such as "run" for present tense and "ran" for past tense. They can also show different aspects, like whether an action is ongoing or completed. Additionally, in English, verbs can change to reflect number, meaning they can indicate whether the subject is singular or plural, as seen in "he runs" for singular and "they run" for plural. In other languages, verbs may change in form to represent different features, such as gender or mood, which can vary widely across languages.

noun
substantiv
n
n
o
a
u
ʊ
n
n
(noun)

(noun)

substantiv

a word that is used to name a person, thing, event, state, etc.

What is a "noun"?

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are fundamental to sentences because they often serve as the subject or object. For example, in the sentence "The dog barks," "dog" is the noun that identifies the animal performing the action. Nouns can be classified into different categories, such as common nouns, which refer to general items like "car" or "city," and proper nouns, which name specific entities like "New York" or "Alice." In English, nouns can also indicate number, showing whether there is one item, like "car," or more than one, like "cars." In other languages, nouns may change form to show gender, case, or other grammatical features, which can vary widely across languages.

pronoun
substantiv
p
p
r
r
o
n
n
o
a
u
ʊ
n
n
(pronoun)

(pronoun)

pronume

(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.

What is a "pronoun"?

A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence to avoid repetition and make communication clearer. Pronouns can refer to people, things, or ideas and help to make sentences smoother. Common examples include "he," "she," "it," "they," and "we." For instance, in the sentence "Maria likes ice cream. She eats it every day," "she" is a pronoun that replaces the noun "Maria," and "it" replaces "ice cream." In English, pronouns can show number, indicating whether they refer to singular or plural subjects, as in "he" for singular and "they" for plural. Other languages may have different rules for pronouns, including forms that indicate gender or case, which can add complexity to their use.

adjective
substantiv
a
æ
d
j
ʤ
e
ɪ
c
k
t
t
i
ɪ
v
v
e
(adverbial)

(adverbial)

adjectiv

a type of word that describes a noun

What is an "adjective"?

An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun, providing more information about it. Adjectives help to specify qualities, characteristics, or features of the noun they accompany. For example, in the phrase "a tall building," "tall" is the adjective that describes the height of the building. Adjectives can indicate various attributes, such as size, color, shape, or feelings, like "blue," "round," or "happy." In English, adjectives usually come before the noun, but they can also appear after verbs like "is" or "seem," as in "The sky is blue." In other languages, adjectives may change form to agree with the noun in gender, number, or case, which can vary widely compared to English.

determiner
substantiv
d
d
e
ɪ
t
t
e
ɜ
r
r
m
m
i
ə
n
n
e
ə
r
r
(determinator)

(determinator)

determinant

(grammar) a word coming before a noun or noun phrase to specify its denotation

What is a "determiner"?

A determiner is a word that introduces a noun and provides information about specificity, quantity, or possession. Determiners help to clarify which noun is being referred to in a sentence. Common examples include articles like "a," "an," and "the," which indicate whether a noun is general or specific. Other types of determiners include possessive words like "my" and "their," which show ownership, and quantifiers like "some," "many," or "few," which indicate quantity. For example, in the phrase "the dog," "the" is the determiner that specifies which dog is being discussed. In English, determiners always appear before the noun, and their use may differ in other languages, where they might have different forms or rules for agreement with the noun they modify.

adverb
substantiv
a
æ
d
d
v
v
e
ɜ
r
r
b
b
(propoziție adverbială)

(propoziție adverbială)

adverb

a word that gives more information about a verb, adjective, or another adverb

What is an "adverb"?

An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, providing additional information about how, when, where, or to what extent something occurs. For example, in the sentence "She runs quickly," "quickly" is the adverb that describes how she runs. In English, adverbs can appear in various positions within a sentence, and their placement can affect the meaning. In other languages, adverbs may have different forms or rules for usage, which can vary from those in English.

adposition
substantiv
a
a
d
d
p
p
o
ə
s
z
i
ɪ
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
(prepoziție)

(prepoziție)

adpoziție

a word or a morpheme that combines with a noun phrase or a pronoun to express its syntactic relationship to other parts of a sentence

What is an "adposition"?

An adposition is a grammatical term that refers to words that express a relationship between a noun and other elements in a sentence. Adpositions include prepositions and postpositions. Prepositions, like "in," "on," and "at," come before a noun and show how that noun relates to other parts of the sentence, such as indicating location, direction, or time. For example, in the phrase "The book is on the table," "on" is the preposition linking "book" and "table." In some languages, postpositions serve a similar function but appear after the noun. For instance, in Hindi, "table par" means "on the table," with "par" acting as a postposition. The usage and position of adpositions can differ significantly across languages, affecting how relationships between nouns are expressed.

solecism
substantiv
s
s
o
l
l
e
c
s
i
ɪ
ə
s
z
m
m
(eroare de exprimare)

(eroare de exprimare)

solecism

a grammatical error or deviation from accepted language norms that occurs in speech or writing

What is a "solecism"?

A solecism is a mistake in language use that occurs when the rules of grammar, syntax, or style are not followed. This can involve errors in sentence structure, word choice, or agreement between subjects and verbs. For example, saying "He go to the store" instead of "He goes to the store" is a solecism because it does not follow proper verb agreement. Solecisms can make sentences sound awkward or confusing, and they may distract from the intended meaning. While they are often considered errors, solecisms can also reflect regional dialects or informal speech patterns that differ from standard language conventions.

pro-drop language
substantiv
uk flag
/pɹˈoʊdɹˈɑːp lˈæŋɡwɪdʒ/
(limbaj fără pronume)

(limbaj fără pronume)

limbaj pro-drop

a type of language in which pronouns can be omitted or dropped from sentences without causing ambiguity or loss of grammaticality

What is a "pro-drop language"?

A pro-drop language is a type of language in which it is common to omit pronouns when they can be understood from the context. In these languages, the subject pronoun is often not necessary for clarity and can be dropped without causing confusion. For example, in Spanish, one might say "Voy al mercado" which translates to "I go to the market," but the subject "I" is not stated. This is because the verb form "voy" indicates that the subject is first-person singular. Pro-drop languages, like Italian, Portuguese, and Persian, often have verb forms that provide enough information about the subject, allowing for this omission. In contrast, languages like English typically require the use of pronouns for clarity, making them non-pro-drop languages.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
topic-prominent language
substantiv
uk flag
/tˈɑːpɪk pɹˈɑːmɪnənt lˈæŋɡwɪdʒ/
(limbaj axat pe subiect)

(limbaj axat pe subiect)

limbaj proeminent în tema discuției

a language in which sentence structure is influenced by the topic of discourse, emphasizing information rather than grammatical subjects or verbs

What is a "topic-prominent language"?

A topic-prominent language is a type of language that places emphasis on the topic of a sentence rather than strictly following the subject-verb-object order typical of many other languages. In these languages, the topic often comes before the verb, and the focus is on what the sentence is about, which may or may not align with the grammatical subject. For example, in a sentence like "As for the book, I read it yesterday," "the book" is the topic, and the sentence discusses it. Languages like Japanese and Korean are well-known examples of topic-prominent languages. In these languages, particles or markers may indicate the topic, making it clear what the speaker is focusing on. This structure allows for greater flexibility in sentence formation and highlights the information that the speaker wants to convey.

Informații Gramaticale:

Substantiv Compozit
anaphora
substantiv
a
ə
n
n
a
æ
ph
f
o
ɜ
r
r
a
ə
(anaphore)

(anaphore)

anaforă

(grammar) a word or phrase that refers to a preceding word or phrase

What is "anaphora"?

Anaphora is a linguistic term that refers to the use of a word or phrase that refers back to a previous word or phrase in a sentence or discourse. This is often seen with pronouns that link to their antecedents, which are the nouns they replace or refer to. For example, in the sentence "Maria lost her keys. She cannot find them," "She" is an anaphoric reference to "Maria," and "them" refers back to "keys." Anaphora helps avoid repetition and makes sentences more fluid by allowing speakers and writers to refer to previously mentioned information without restating it. It is an important feature in both spoken and written language, contributing to coherence and clarity.

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