(ribosom)
ribozom
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
(complex Golgi)
aparat Golgi
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
Informații Gramaticale:
(veziculă lizozomială)
lizozom
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
(mitocondrion)
mitocondrie
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(cromozom)
chromozom
a very small threadlike structure in a living organism that carries the genes and genetic information
A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure found in the cells of living organisms. It is made up of proteins and DNA, which contains the genetic instructions for growth, development, and functioning. Each chromosome carries many genes, which are the instructions for making proteins and determining various traits and characteristics. Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell, arranged in 23 pairs, with one set coming from each parent. Chromosomes are crucial for cell division, as they ensure that genetic information is accurately copied and distributed to new cells.
(cloroplaste)
cloroplast
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
(citosol)
citoplasmă
the gel-like, semifluid substance within a cell that surrounds the organelles, providing a medium for cellular activities, including metabolism, transport of substances, and support for cellular structures
(citoplasma fără nucleu)
citoplast
a cell that has had its nucleus removed or the cellular material excluding the nucleus
(sistem endoscheletal)
citoeschelet
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
(nucleotid)
nucleotide
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
(genomul)
genom
the complete set of genetic material of any living thing
(polipeptidă)
polipeptid
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
(organit)
organelă
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
(vacuole)
vacuolă
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
(centriola)
centriol
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
(telomere)
telomer
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
(proteină histonică)
histonă
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
(fenotipizare)
fenotip
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
(stare de echilibru intern)
homeostazie
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
(translație)
traducere
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
(transcripție)
transcriere
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
(replicarea)
replicare
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
(heterozigotă)
heterozigot
an individual organism or cell with two different alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited different genetic information from each parent
(homozygote)
homozigot
an individual organism or cell with two identical alleles at a specific gene locus, having inherited the same genetic information from both parents
(secvență de cod)
codon
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
(simbioză mutuală)
simbioză
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
(amebă unicelulară)
amebă
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
Informații Gramaticale:
(cutie proteică)
capsidă
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
(pigment clorofilian)
clorofilă
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
(organisme eucariote)
eucariote
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
(făt)
fetus
an offspring of a human or animal that is not born yet, particularly a human aged more than eight weeks after conception
(ou)
ovul
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
(enzima pepsină)
pepsină
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.
(ATP)
adenozin trifosfat
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
Informații Gramaticale:
(prokariot)
procarionte
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
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