(ribosom)
ribozom
a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA
(complex Golgi)
aparat Golgi
a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
Informații Gramaticale:
(veziculă lizozomială)
lizozom
a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances
(mitocondrion)
mitocondrie
an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production
(cloroplaste)
cloroplast
a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis
(nucleotid)
nucleotide
a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
(polipeptidă)
polipeptid
a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein
(organit)
organelă
a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function
(vacuole)
vacuolă
a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure
(centriola)
centriol
a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle
(proteină histonică)
histonă
a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin
(telomere)
telomer
a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development
(fenotipizare)
fenotip
the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment
(stare de echilibru intern)
homeostazie
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
(translație)
traducere
the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein
(transcripție)
transcriere
the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule
(replicarea)
replicare
the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division
(secvență de cod)
codon
a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process
(simbioză mutuală)
simbioză
a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both
(amebă unicelulară)
amebă
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
Informații Gramaticale:
(prokariot)
procarionte
a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea
(pigment clorofilian)
clorofilă
a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process
(cutie proteică)
capsidă
the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection
(organisme eucariote)
eucariote
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
(ou)
ovul
a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote
(enzima pepsină)
pepsină
an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides
Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.
(ATP)
adenozin trifosfat
a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups
Informații Gramaticale:
(sistem endoscheletal)
citoeschelet
a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement
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