(mină)
carieră
a site where large quantities of rock, stone, or minerals are extracted from the Earth's crust for industrial use or construction purposes
(defectiune)
falia
a fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock, along which there has been significant displacement due to tectonic forces
(stratul de bază)
pietriș
solid rock beneath surface materials, forming the Earth's crust foundation
(argilă)
șist
a type of fine-grained sedimentary rock made from compacted clay or mud particles, known for its ability to split into thin layers
(piatră bazaltică)
bazalt
a type of dark, fine-grained igneous rock formed from cooled lava, characterized by its dense composition and typically dark gray to black color
(fossil indicatoare)
fossil de index
a fossilized organism that is useful for dating and correlating the strata in which it is found, typically indicative of a particular time period in Earth's geological history
(intruziune)
intruzie
(geology) the injection of magma into existing rock formations underground
(roci magmatice)
igneos
(of rock) formed from cooled magma or lava
(metamorfozic)
metamorfic
related to rocks transformed by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes, altering their mineral composition and texture
(tehnic de formare geologică)
tectonic
relating to the movement and arrangement of the Earth's crust
(a răși)
a topi
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting it in a furnace
(șlam)
zgură
the byproduct of smelting ore that forms a glass-like material, often found as a residue in mining and metalworking activities
(perioada mezozoică)
mezozoic
the period of time from about 252 to 66 million years ago, characterized by the dominance of dinosaurs and the gradual breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea
(olivin)
olivină
a mineral with a greenish hue, commonly found in igneous rocks like basalt and peridotite, known for its high magnesium and iron content
(grup de minerale piroxeno)
piroxen
a group of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks, typically dark in color and composed of silica, magnesium, and iron
(feldspor)
feldspat
a group of minerals that are the most abundant components in the Earth's crust, known for their hardness and varied colors, often used in ceramics and glassmaking
(argilă)
argilă compactă
a type of rock formed from clay minerals that have been compressed and hardened over time, creating a dense and often smooth-textured material
(geolog specialist)
geolog
a scientist who studies the Earth's structure, composition, processes, and history, including rocks, minerals, fossils, and geological phenomena
(specialist în seismologie)
seismolog
a scientist who specializes in the study of earthquakes and seismic waves, investigating their causes, effects, and patterns
(epicentrum)
epicentrul
the point on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus of an earthquake where its effects are felt most strongly
(seism)
cutremur
an earthquake caused by underground movement or volcanic activity
(erupție vulcanică)
erupție
the sudden outburst of lava and steam from a volcanic mountain
(studiul vulcanilor)
vulcanologie
a branch of geology that focuses on the study of volcanoes, volcanic activity, and related phenomena
(crater vulcanic)
caldera
a large, basin-shaped volcanic crater formed by the collapse of a volcano after a massive eruption
(roca de cuarț)
quarțit
a tough type of rock that starts as sandstone but changes under intense heat and pressure underground, becoming very hard and durable
(afloriment)
expușcare
a visible exposure of rock or geological strata at the Earth's surface, often occurring on hillsides, cliffs, or other elevated areas, providing insight into the underlying geological structure
(geotermică)
geotermal
connected with or produced by the heat inside the earth
(deprimare)
bazin
a large, bowl-shaped depression or low-lying area on the Earth's surface, typically surrounded by higher landforms and often filled with sedimentary deposits
(subducție tectonică)
subducție
a geological process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the Earth's mantle
(manta)
mantaua
the region of the Earth's interior, lying beneath the crust and extending to the outer core, composed of solid rock that can deform and flow over geological time scales
(argilă de kaolin)
kaolinită
a soft, white clay mineral formed from the weathering of aluminum-rich rocks, used widely in ceramics, paper production, and as a filler in some medications
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