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этика
the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles
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эпистемология
the branch of philosophy in which knowledge is studied
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гуманизм
a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs
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метафизика
a branch of philosophy that deals with abstract concepts such as existence or reality
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онтология
the branch of philosophy that is concerned with concepts such as existence, being, and reality
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детерминизм
the theory or doctrine that all events and occurrences are completely determined by previously existing causes, therefore human beings cannot be punished or held accountable for their deeds
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гедонизм
a system of belief that the highest of good is when one is in the pursuit of pleasure
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идеализм
(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind
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эмпиризм
a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience
/ɛɡzɪstˈɛnʃɪəlˌɪzəm/
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экзистенциализм
a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions
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материализм
the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter
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нигилизм
a system of thought that considers life as meaningless and rejects religious beliefs, moral principles, legal rules, etc.
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позитивизм
a philosophical system based on things that can be proved by logic or experienced with the senses, rejecting metaphysics and theism
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прагматизм
a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the practical consequences and real-world effectiveness of beliefs, theories, and actions
/ɹˈæʃənəlˌɪzəm/
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рационализм
the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion
/skəlˈæstɪsˌɪzəm/
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схоластика
a system of philosophy based on religious scripts and principles and Aristotelian logic, taught in medieval European universities
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скептицизм
the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable
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стоицизм
an ancient Greek philosophy that values virtue and encourages living in harmony with nature's divine Reason
/sˈʌbdʒɪktˌɪvɪzəm/
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субъективизм
a notion in philosophy according to which knowledge, moral values, and ethical obligations are subjective and there is no external or objective truth
/jˌuːɾɪlɪtˈɛɹiənˌɪzəm/
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утилитаризм
the doctrine that the best measure or decision is the one that satisfies the majority of people
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феноменология
the branch of philosophy concerned with things that exist and can be seen, felt, etc. as opposed to what may actually be their real existence
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отчуждённость
the feeling that one is different from others and therefore not part of a particular group
/ɐ pɹaɪˈɔːɹi/
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априорный
using the previous knowledge, reasoning, or general facts to decide the likely result of something
/ɐ pɑːstˈiəɹɪˈɔːɹi/
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апостериорный
using observation or experience to determine the probable cause of something
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существо
the state of existing
Грамматическая Информация:
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небытие
non-existence; a state in which nothing exists
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сознание
the state of being sensible and aware
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догма
a belief or a belief system held by an authority who proclaims it to be undeniably true and expects immediate acceptance
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логика
sensible methods of thinking and decision making, especially ones that are based on reasonable judgment
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добродетель
attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards
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эстетика
the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art
Aesthetics refers to the principles of beauty and artistic taste. It involves the appreciation of beauty in art, nature, and design, exploring what makes something visually pleasing or meaningful. Aesthetics includes various elements like color, form, layout, and style, affecting how visual experiences are seen and enjoyed. This field also examines how cultural and historical contexts influence the understanding of beauty. It has a crucial role in areas such as art, architecture, and design, influencing the creation and evaluation of visual experiences.
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мудрость
the quality of being knowledgeable, experienced, and able to make good decisions and judgments
/sˈɑːfɪst/
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софист
a teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greek with a skeptical attitude
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