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empiricism
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relativism
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existentialism
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causality
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materialism
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skepticism
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cynicism
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ethics
9-
virtue
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dialectic
11-
idealism
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rationalism
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humanism
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logic
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dualism
16-
aesthetics
17-
mechanism
Empiricism
/ɛmpɪrəsɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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эмпиризм

эмпиризм

существительное

a theory stating that all knowledge is derived from experience

example
Пример
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In contrast to rationalism, which posits that reason and logic are the primary sources of knowledge, empiricism insists that all knowledge originates from empirical evidence gathered through the senses.
The scientific method is deeply rooted in empiricism, relying on systematic observation, experimentation, and evidence to draw conclusions about natural phenomena.
Philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume are key figures in the development of empiricism, emphasizing the role of experience in shaping our understanding of the world.
Relativism
/rɛlətɪvɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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релятивизм

релятивизм

существительное

the philosophical position that views truth, morality, or knowledge as dependent on individual perspectives, cultural contexts, or historical circumstances, and rejects absolute or universal standards

Existentialism
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/ɛɡzɪstˈɛnʃɪəlˌɪzəm/
экзистенциализм

экзистенциализм

существительное

a philosophical theory according to which the world has no meaning and humans are free and responsible for their actions

Causality
/kɔzɑ:lɪti/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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причинность

причинность

существительное

the relationship between a cause and its effect

Materialism
/mətɪriəlɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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материализм

материализм

существительное

the philosophical belief that the spiritual world does not exist and the only thing that exists is physical matter

materialism
Skepticism
/skɛptɪsɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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скептицизм

скептицизм

существительное

the philosophical theory that certain knowledge is unattainable

Cynicism
/sɪnɪsɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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цинизм

цинизм

существительное

a doubtful view toward others' honesty or intentions

Ethics
/ɛθɪks/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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этика

этика

существительное

the branch of philosophy that studies moral values and principles

Virtue
/vɜrʧu/
Трудный
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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добродетель

добродетель

существительное

attitudes or manners exhibiting high moral standards

Dialectic
/daɪəlɛktɪk/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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диалектика

диалектика

существительное

a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

Idealism
/aɪdi:lɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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идеализм

идеализм

существительное

(philosophy) the belief that the physical world is either a product of the mind, or is entirely subjective and exists only in the mind

Rationalism
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/ɹˈæʃənəlˌɪzəm/
рационализм

рационализм

существительное

the belief or principle that ideas and actions should be based on logic instead of religion or emotion

Humanism
/hju:mənɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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гуманизм

гуманизм

существительное

a system of thought based on human values and nature in which solving human problems is considered more important than religious beliefs

Logic
/lɑ:ʤɪk/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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логика

логика

существительное

a field of study that deals with the ways of thinking, explaining, and reasoning

What is "logic"?

Logic is the study of reasoning and principles of correct thinking. It involves understanding and applying rules to make valid arguments or conclusions based on given information. Logic is used in mathematics, philosophy, computer science, and everyday decision-making to ensure that reasoning is sound and consistent.

Dualism
/du:əlɪzəm/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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дуализм

дуализм

существительное

the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil

Aesthetics
/ɛsθɛtɪks/
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Эпентеза
Тихий
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эстетика

эстетика

существительное

the branch of philosophy which deals with the nature of beauty and art

What is "aesthetics"?

Aesthetics refers to the principles of beauty and artistic taste. It involves the appreciation of beauty in art, nature, and design, exploring what makes something visually pleasing or meaningful. Aesthetics includes various elements like color, form, layout, and style, affecting how visual experiences are seen and enjoyed. This field also examines how cultural and historical contexts influence the understanding of beauty. It has a crucial role in areas such as art, architecture, and design, influencing the creation and evaluation of visual experiences.

Mechanism
/mɛkənɪzəm/
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(философский механизм)

(философский механизм)

механизм

существительное

a philosophical perspective that views natural phenomena, including living organisms and their behavior, as analogous to machines operating based on deterministic physical and chemical processes, without the need for supernatural or non-physical explanations

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