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instinct
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syndrome
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compulsion
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delusion
5-
hallucination
6-
paranoia
7-
hypnosis
8-
complex
9-
projection
10-
disorder
11-
ego
12-
id
13-
superego
14-
anorexia
15-
mania
16-
cognition
17-
amnesia
18-
consciousness
19-
subconscious
20-
unconscious
21-
trauma
22-
obsession
23-
self-awareness
instinct
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инстинкт

инстинкт

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/ˈɪnstɪŋkt/
существительное

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

synonyminherent aptitude
example
Пример
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His instinct to help others kicked in when he saw the car accident on the highway.
The mother bird followed her instinct to build a nest and protect her eggs.
Cats have a natural hunting instinct that drives them to stalk and pounce on prey.
syndrome
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синдром

синдром

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/ˈsɪnˌdɹoʊm/
существительное

a set of characteristics, behaviors, or qualities commonly observed in a specific situation or group of individuals

What is a "syndrome"?

A syndrome refers to a set of opinions or behaviors that are typical of a particular type of person, attitude, or social problem. This usage emphasizes a repeated pattern or trend seen in certain groups or situations. For example, "affluenza" describes a syndrome where wealthy individuals show irresponsible behavior due to their privileged upbringing. In this sense, a syndrome captures the common traits or issues often seen in a specific context or group of people.

compulsion
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принуждение

принуждение

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/kəmˈpəɫʃən/
существительное

a strong and irresistible urge to do something

synonymobsession
example
Пример
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The compulsion to check his phone every few minutes disrupted his focus on the task at hand.
Every time she walks past a bookstore, she feels an overwhelming compulsion to buy a new novel.
Even though he knew it was a bad idea, he felt a compulsion to call his ex late at night.
delusion
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бред

бред

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/dɪˈɫuʒən/
существительное

(psychology) a mental condition in which a person has a false belief system that is contradicted by evidence

synonympsychotic belief
What is "delusion"?

Delusion is a mental condition where someone strongly believes in something that is not true or lacks evidence, even when shown contradictory facts. These false beliefs are resistant to change, and they can cause significant distress or problems in daily life. Delusions can take many forms, such as believing to have special powers, being oppressed by others, or having a special connection to someone famous. Treatment for delusions often involves therapy and medication to help manage symptoms and promote clearer thinking.

hallucination
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галлюцинация

галлюцинация

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/həˌɫusəˈneɪʃən/
существительное

a perceptual experience in which an individual perceives something that is not present in the external environment

example
Пример
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Hallucinations can be a symptom of certain medical conditions, including neurological disorders or brain injuries.
Hallucinations can be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, where they may contribute to altered perceptions of reality.
Sleep-related hallucinations may occur during the transition between wakefulness and sleep, leading to vivid and often frightening experiences.
paranoia
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паранойя

паранойя

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/ˌpɛɹəˈnɔɪə/
существительное

a mental disorder that causes a person to think they are very important or that others are trying to harm them

WHat is "paranoia"?

Paranoia is a mental state characterized by intense and irrational distrust or suspicion of others, often accompanied by a belief that one is being targeted or harmed by others without evidence to support such beliefs. People experiencing paranoia may see ordinary situations as threatening or think neutral actions of others as intending harm. This can lead to feelings of fear, anxiety, and isolation, as well as difficulty in maintaining relationships and functioning in daily life. Paranoia can be a symptom of various mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, and may require treatment such as therapy and medication to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

hypnosis
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гипноз

гипноз

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/hɪpˈnoʊsəs/
существительное

a state of heightened focus and concentration in which a person becomes more responsive to suggestions

example
Пример
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During hypnosis, the therapist suggested the patient would no longer experience pain in their injured knee.
She underwent several sessions of regression hypnosis in an attempt to remember repressed memories from her childhood trauma.
Hypnosis has been used to help smokers quit by guiding them through visualized exercises to weaken their nicotine cravings.
What is "hypnosis"?

Hypnosis is a state of deep relaxation and increased focus caused by a trained professional, often called a hypnotist or hypnotherapist. In this state, individuals become more willing to accept suggestions aimed at addressing various issues such as stress, anxiety, pain management, and behavior changes. Hypnosis is used as a mental health treatment technique to promote relaxation, improve concentration, and help in personal development. It is safe and effective treatment option when practiced by qualified practitioners.

complex
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комплекс

комплекс

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/ˈkɑmpɫɛks/, /kəmˈpɫɛks/
существительное

a group of partly or completely repressed emotions or impulses that affect a person's behavior and patterns of thought

What is a "complex"?

A complex refers to a group of emotions or impulses, some of which may be partially or fully restrained, shaping a person's behavior and thought patterns. These emotions or impulses may be caused by past experiences, often in childhood, and can have a significant impact on how a person sees themselves and others, as well as how they respond to certain situations. Complexes can show up in various ways, such as repeated thoughts, feelings of worthlessness, or patterns of behavior that seem difficult to change. Therapy and self-reflection are common approaches to addressing and understanding these complexes to promote personal growth and well-being.

projection
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проекция

проекция

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/pɹəˈdʒɛkʃən/
существительное

(psychology) the unconscious process in which an individual associates their feelings, ideas or attitudes to someone else as a defense mechanism

disorder
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расстройство

расстройство

flag
/dɪˈsɔɹdɝ/
существительное

a disease or a medical condition that prevents a part of the body or mind from functioning normally

synonymupset
What is a "disorder"?

A disorder is a medical condition that causes a disturbance in the normal functioning of the body or mind. It can show up in various ways, such as physical symptoms, mental health challenges, or disruptions in behavior. Disorders can range from relatively mild, like a common cold, to more serious conditions, such as schizophrenia or diabetes. Treatment for disorders often involves medical actions, therapy, or lifestyle changes aimed at managing symptoms and improving overall well-being.

ego
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(самость)

(самость)

Я

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/ˈiɡoʊ/
существительное

(psychology) the conscious part of the mind that mediates between the unconscious and the reality which gives one a sense of self

id
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Оно

Оно

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/ˈaɪˈdi/, /ˈɪd/
существительное

(psychology) the part of the unconscious mind that is the source of basic instincts and drives

superego
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Сверх-Я

Сверх-Я

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/sˈuːpɚɹˌiːɡoʊ/
существительное

(psychology) the part of the mind that is only partly conscious, representing social norms learned from the parents

anorexia
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(отсутствие аппетита)

(отсутствие аппетита)

анорексия

flag
/ˌænɝˈɛksiə/
существительное

an emotional disorder in which there is a strange fear of being fat and an obsessive desire to lose weight which results in refusing to eat

mania
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мания

мания

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/ˈmeɪniə/
существительное

mental condition that causes extreme and unusual changes in one's energy level, mood, or emotions

synonymmanic disorder
What is "mania"?

Mania is a mental state characterized by an intense and extended period of heightened mood, energy, and activity levels. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely excited or excessively happy. They may also experience increased confidence, talkativeness, racing thoughts, and a lessened need for sleep. Mania can lead to impulsive or risky behaviors, such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or engaging in sexual activity. In serious cases, mania can harm judgment and interfere with daily functioning. Mania is often a symptom of bipolar disorder, but it can also occur in other mental health conditions. Treatment typically involves medication and therapy to control mood and manage symptoms.

cognition
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познание

познание

flag
/kɑɡˈnɪʃən/
существительное

(psychology) mental processes through which knowledge and understanding are acquired

amnesia
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амнезия

амнезия

flag
/æmˈniʒə/
существительное

a severe medical condition that leads to partial or complete loss of memory

synonymblackout
synonymmemory loss
What is "amnesia"?

Amnesia is a condition characterized by memory loss, where a person is unable to recall information or past experiences. This memory loss can be temporary or permanent and can affect short-term or long-term memory. Amnesia can be caused by various factors, including head injuries, brain infections, strokes, severe emotional stress, or chronic alcohol abuse. There are different types of amnesia, such as anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories, and retrograde amnesia, which is the loss of pre-existing memories. Treatment for amnesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include cognitive therapy, medications, and supportive care to help improve memory function. Living with amnesia can be challenging, so support from healthcare professionals, family, and friends is very important.

consciousness
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сознание

сознание

flag
/ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/
существительное

one's views on a specific subject

subconscious
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подсознание

подсознание

flag
/səbˈkɑnʃəs/
существительное

the part of the mind that is not currently in focused awareness, but still influences thoughts, feelings, and behavior, often through automatic or involuntary processes

synonymsubconscious mind
unconscious
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бессознательное

бессознательное

flag
/ˌənˈkɑnʃəs/
существительное

the part of a person's mind where mental processes or activities occur beyond their conscious awareness, such as automatic bodily functions or hidden desires and fears

synonymunconscious mind
trauma
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травма

травма

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/ˈtɹɔmə/
существительное

a medical condition of the mind caused by extreme shock, which could last for a very long time

synonympsychic trauma
example
Пример
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Childhood trauma can have long-lasting effects on a person's mental and emotional well-being.
Combat veterans often experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result of their wartime trauma.
Witnessing a natural disaster can leave survivors with lasting trauma and fear.
What is "trauma"?

Trauma refers to a deeply distressing or disturbing experience that overwhelms a person's ability to cope. It can result from various events, such as accidents, abuse, natural disasters, or witnessing harm to others. Trauma can have long-lasting effects on an individual's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. Common responses to trauma include feelings of fear, helplessness, or horror, as well as symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of reminders, and difficulties in relationships or daily functioning. Treatment for trauma often involves therapy, support groups, and coping strategies to help individuals process their experiences, reduce symptoms, and promote healing.

obsession
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одержимость

одержимость

flag
/əbˈsɛʃən/
существительное

a strong and uncontrollable interest or attachment to something or someone, causing constant thoughts, intense emotions, and repetitive behaviors

synonymfixation
self-awareness
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(осознание себя)

(осознание себя)

самосознание

flag
/sˈɛlfɐwˈɛɹnəs/
существительное

the conscious knowledge and recognition of one's own thoughts, feelings, sensations, and actions, leading to a reflective understanding of oneself as a distinct individual with unique characteristics and experiences

example
Пример
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Self-awareness plays a crucial role in emotional intelligence, enabling individuals to navigate social interactions with empathy and understanding.
Self-awareness allows people to recognize their strengths and weaknesses, contributing to personal growth.
In relationships, self-awareness helps individuals communicate more effectively by expressing their needs and emotions.
pattern

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