
организм
a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own
/ɡɹˈoʊθ mˈiːdiəm/

(среда для выращивания)
питательная среда
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganisms

(клеточная культура)
культура
the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

метаболический
relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

образец
a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

род
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

(вариант)
штамм
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

выделять
(of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the body
Грамматическая Информация:

(испускать)
экскретировать
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat
/jˈuːkɐɹɪˌoʊt/

эукариот
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms
/eɪsˈɛkʃuːəl ɹɪpɹədˈʌkʃən/

бесполое размножение
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organism
Грамматическая Информация:
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мейоз
a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes
/ˌɪntɚfˈeɪz/

(фаза интерфейса)
интерфаза
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functions
/pɹˈɑːfeɪz/

профаза
the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division
/mˌɛɾəfˈeɪz/

(фаза метафазы)
метафаза
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells
/ˈænɐfˌeɪz/

анагенез
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
/tˈɛləfˌeɪz/

(телофаза I)
телофаза
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
/bˌaɪoʊdɪɡɹˈeɪd/

(разлагаться)
биодеградировать
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi
/bˌaɪoʊmˈɑːlɪkjˌuːl/

(биологическая молекула)
биомолекула
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolites

биоразнообразие
the existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environment
/bˌaɪoʊɪnfɔːɹmˈæɾɪks/

(биологическая информатика)
биоинформатика
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological data
/bˌaɪoʊkəmpˈæɾəbəl/

(биосовместимый)
биосовместимый
not causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systems
/bˌaɪoʊˈmetɹɪks/

(биометрические данные)
биометрия
a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

микробиология
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

физиолог
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

экология
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each other
/ˈɛkətˌʊɹɪzəm/

экотуризм
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature
/bˌaɪoʊmˈɪmɪkɹi/

(имитация природы)
биомимикрия
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systems

слизь
a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them
Mucus is a viscous and slippery substance produced by the mucous membranes lining various organs and passages. It acts as a protective and lubricating layer, particularly in the respiratory and digestive systems. Mucus helps to trap and remove foreign particles, such as dust and pathogens, preventing them from reaching sensitive tissues. In the respiratory system, mucus plays a vital role in moistening and protecting the airways, facilitating efficient breathing. In the digestive system, mucus aids in the smooth passage of food and protects the stomach lining from digestive acids. Mucus production can increase during illness or inflammation, leading to symptoms like congestion or a runny nose.
/vˈɪɹiən/

(вирусная частица)
вирион
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

(дрессировка)
обусловливание
the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

питательное вещество
a substance such as a vitamin, protein, fat, etc. that is essential for good health and growth
A nutrient is a substance that provides nourishment essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of the body. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water, all of which play vital roles in various physiological processes. Carbohydrates serve as the body's primary source of energy, proteins are essential for building and repairing tissues, fats provide energy and support cell function, vitamins and minerals facilitate numerous metabolic functions, and water is necessary for hydration and the transportation of nutrients throughout the body. Consuming a balanced diet rich in nutrients is crucial for overall health and well-being.
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гамета
a special cell used for reproduction, with sperm cells being the male gametes and egg cells being the female gametes
A gamete is a specialized reproductive cell involved in sexual reproduction. In humans, the two types of gametes are sperm cells in males and egg cells (ova) in females. Gametes carry half the genetic material of an individual and are produced through a process called gametogenesis. During fertilization, a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote, which then develops into an embryo. Gametes are crucial for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, playing a vital role in human reproduction and the diversity of offspring.
/mˈaɪkɹoʊbɪˌoʊm/

(микробиота)
микробиом
the collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes, that inhabit a particular environment

(вызванный человеческой деятельностью)
антропогенный
refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

(движение)
мотивность
the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia
/pɹˈɑːɾɪst/

протист
a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

гомологичный
reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species
/bˌaɪoʊlˌuːmɪnˈɛsəns/

биолуминисценция
the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage
/hˈaɪdɹɔɪd/

гидроид
a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies
/tɹænsdˌɪfɚɹˌɛnʃɪˈeɪʃən/

(транскапиляция)
трансп differentiation
the process by which a differentiated cell changes its identity and adopts the characteristics of a different cell type
/maɪsˈiːliəm/

мицелий
the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate
/mjˈuːtʃuːəlˌɪst/

мутивалист
(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction
/kəmˈɛnsəl/

(симбиотический)
комменсальный
describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
/mˈaɪkəɹˌaɪzə/

(микоризы)
микориза
a mutually beneficial symbiotic association between the roots of plants and fungi where the fungus colonizes the root system, facilitating nutrient uptake from the soil

(впитывать)
ассимилировать
(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells
Грамматическая Информация:
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спора
a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

биомасса
the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

таксономия
the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics
/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(Петри-тарелка)
петри-диша
a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms
Грамматическая Информация:

(желеподобное вещество)
агар
a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

космология
the study of the beginning and characteristic of the universe

смертельный
extremely venomous and effective

(деградация)
разложение
the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

(основа)
субстрат
the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds
/ɛksˈɪɾətˌoːɹi/

(эксцитаторный)
возбуждающий
capable of triggering an increase in the activity or responsiveness of the cell or organism
/fˈɪʃən jˈiːst/

(дрожжи деления)
древесная дрожь
a single-celled organism used extensively in biological research as a model organism
/ˈeɪmbə/

амеба
a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape
Грамматическая Информация:

адаптация
the process by which organisms evolve over time to better suit their environment, survive, and reproduce more effectively
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