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(ученый в области фармакологии)
фармаколог
a scientist specializing in the study of drugs, their effects on biological systems, and their development for therapeutic purposes
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рентгенолог
a medical specialist who specializes in diagnosing and treating injuries using radioactive substances and X-rays
A radiologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and injuries. They use various medical imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, CT scans, and nuclear medicine imaging to visualize the internal structures of the body. These specialists analyze images produced by these techniques to identify abnormalities, ranging from fractures and tumors to infections and other medical conditions, and help guide patient management. Radiologists play a crucial role in various medical fields, including oncology, cardiology, neurology, and orthopedics, helping in the detection, monitoring, and treatment planning of a wide range of conditions.
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(патологоанатом)
патолог
a medical professional who specializes in studying and diagnosing diseases by examining tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
A pathologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the study and diagnosis of diseases by examining cells and tissues under a microscope. These specialists play a crucial role in diagnosing various medical conditions, including cancer, infections, autoimmune disorders, and genetic diseases. Pathologists analyze samples taken through procedures such as biopsies, surgeries, and autopsies to identify abnormalities and provide accurate diagnoses. They also use advanced laboratory techniques and technologies to characterize diseases and guide treatment decisions.
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педиатр
a doctor who specializes in the treatment of children
A pediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in providing healthcare for infants, children, and teenagers. Pediatricians are trained to diagnose, treat, and prevent a wide range of childhood illnesses, injuries, and developmental issues. They provide routine well-child check-ups, vaccinations, and tests to make sure that children are growing and developing properly. Pediatricians also manage short-term and long-term conditions such as infections, asthma, allergies, and behavioral disorders. They play a crucial role in promoting children's health and well-being, offering guidance to parents on nutrition, safety, and overall child development.
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психолог
a professional who studies behavior and mental processes to understand and treat psychological disorders and improve overall mental health
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ветеринар
a doctor who is trained to treat animals
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(ненормальное функционирование)
дисфункция
the impaired or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or biological process, often resulting in diminished efficiency or health consequences

диагностировать
to find out the cause of a problem or disease that a person has by examining the symptoms
Грамматическая Информация:

вводить
to give someone medicine, drugs, etc.
Грамматическая Информация:
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лечебный
(of medicine) related to actions that heal, alleviate, or prevent health issues
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(реконструктивный)
восстановительный
treatments or therapies aimed at restoring health, function, or vitality to a person or part of the body
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инвазивный
(of medical procedures) comprising cutting into the body or body cavities
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(профилактическая)
профилактический
designed to stop something harmful from happening, especially related to health or diseases
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прививка
the process of boosting the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination
/sˈaɪd ɪfˈɛkt/
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побочный эффект
a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one
A side effect is an unwanted or unexpected symptom that occurs as a result of taking a medication or undergoing a treatment. Side effects can range from mild issues, like a headache or upset stomach, to more serious problems. They are not the main purpose of the medication but can occur alongside its intended benefits.
Грамматическая Информация:
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иммунодефицит
a condition where the immune system is weakened, making the person more vulnerable to infections and illnesses
Immunodeficiency is a condition where the body's immune system is weakened, making it less effective at fighting off infections and diseases. This can be due to genetic factors, certain medical treatments such as chemotherapy, or diseases like HIV or AIDS. People with immunodeficiency may experience frequent infections, longer-lasting illnesses, and difficulty recovering from infections. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and preventing infections through medication, vaccinations, and lifestyle changes. Maintaining good hygiene practices and avoiding exposure to sick individuals can also help reduce the risk of infections for those with immunodeficiency.
/ɪmjˈuːn ɹɪspˈɑːns/
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(иммунная реакция)
иммунный ответ
the body's defensive reaction to foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins, involving the activation of immune cells and the production of antibodies
/fˈæɡoʊθˌɛɹəpi/
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фаготерапия
a medical treatment that uses bacteriophages, or viruses that specifically target and kill bacteria, to combat bacterial infections
Phagotherapy is a medical treatment that used bacteriophages, which are viruses that infect and destroy bacteria, to treat bacterial infections. This approach involves using specific bacteriophages that target and kill harmful bacteria while leaving useful bacteria unharmed. Phagotherapy has shown potential as an alternative to antibiotics, particularly for infections that are resistant to traditional antibiotic treatments. Research continues to explore its potential in treating various bacterial infections effectively.
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плацебо
a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not
A placebo is a substance or treatment that resembles a real medical treatment but does not contain any active ingredients. It is often used in medical research and clinical trials to compare against the effects of actual medications or treatments. Placebos are designed to have no therapeutic effect on the patient, allowing researchers to evaluate the true effectiveness of the active treatment being studied. They are typically used in a way that ensures the patient is unaware of whether they are receiving the placebo or the actual treatment, to make sure that the study results are fair and not influenced by expectations or assumptions.
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(заразный)
инфекционный
related to an infection or having the ability to cause an infection
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патоген
any organism that can cause diseases
A pathogen is a type of microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, or parasite, that can cause diseases. These harmful organisms have the ability to invade and multiply within the body, leading to infection and illness. Pathogens can be spread through various ways, including direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated food or water, or insect bites. Understanding and controlling pathogens are critical in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, often through measures such as vaccination and hygiene practices.
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гомеостаз
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes
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психиатрический
relating to the study and treatment of mental illness
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(дородовой)
пренатальный
related to the period occurring or existing before birth, specifically in relation to the development and care of the fetus during pregnancy
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зародыш
an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization
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развивающий
related to the process of growth, progress, or improvement over time
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лимфоидный
related to or resembling lymph or the tissues where lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, are produced
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ляшки
a region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage through injury, disease, or other causes
A lesion is an abnormal area of damaged tissue on the body. They can occur on the skin's surface or within organs and tissues. They can be caused by various factors, such as injury, infection, or disease. Lesions can vary widely in appearance and seriousness, ranging from small cuts or bruises to larger ulcers or tumors. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and can include medications, surgery, or other medical actions aimed at healing the affected tissue.
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фиброз
the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a result of injury or long-term inflammation
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имплантировать
to insert a living tissue or an artificial object into the body via medical procedure
Грамматическая Информация:
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вскрытие трупа
an examination of a deceased person's organs to determine the cause of death
An autopsy is a medical procedure performed after death to examine a body and identify the cause of death. During the autopsy, a specialized doctor carefully examines the organs and tissues of the person who has passed away. This examination may include looking at body tissues under a microscope and analyzing fluids. Autopsies help to confirm diagnoses, understand disease progression, and identify any underlying conditions that helped cause the person's death. These procedures can be essential for medical, legal, or family reasons, such as resolving questions about the cause of death.
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фармацевтический препарат
relating to the production of drugs or medicine used for medicinal purposes
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систолический
relating to the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood into the arteries
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антисептик
a substance that prevents infection when applied to a wound, especially by killing bacteria
/ɐskˈoːɹbɪk ˈæsɪd/
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(витамин C)
аскорбиновая кислота
a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes
Ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, is a water-soluble vitamin found in various fruits and vegetables. It is essential for maintaining overall health and plays several important roles in the body. As an antioxidant, ascorbic acid helps protect cells from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. It is also necessary for the production of collagen, a protein that supports the structure of skin, bones, and blood vessels. Additionally, ascorbic acid boosts the immune system, aids in wound healing, and enhances the absorption of iron from plant-based foods. Good dietary sources of ascorbic acid include citrus fruits, such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, broccoli, and tomatoes.
/daɪdʒˈɛstɪv sˈɪstəm/
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пищеварительная система
the group of organs inside the body that absorb the food and pass the waste
Грамматическая Информация:

(относящийся к дыханию)
респираторный
related to the process of breathing and the organs involved in it, such as the lungs and airways
/pɹˈoʊbaɪˈɑːɾɪk/
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(живой пробиотик)
пробиотик
a live microorganism, typically bacteria or yeast, that is beneficial to health, especially the digestive system
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(дезинфицировать)
санировать
to clean something thoroughly to reduce or eliminate germs, bacteria, or other harmful microorganisms
Грамматическая Информация:
/dʒɛstˈeɪʃənəl/
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(относящийся к беременности)
гестационный
relating to pregnancy or the period of carrying offspring in the womb
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(мокрота)
харкотина
mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or disease
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мокрота
the thick mucus that is formed in the nasal and throat cavities, usually secreted in excessive amounts as a result of common cold
Phlegm is a thick and sticky mucus-like substance produced by the respiratory system. It is primarily composed of mucus secreted by the mucous membranes lining the airways. Phlegm serves as a defense mechanism to trap and remove foreign particles, such as dust, bacteria, and viruses, from the respiratory tract. It can be coughed up or expelled through sneezing, aiding in the removal of irritants and helping to keep the airways clear. Changes in the color, consistency, or amount of phlegm can provide indications of certain respiratory conditions or infections.
/pˈɑːsɪtɹˌɑːn ɪmˈɪʃən təmˈɑːɡɹəfi/
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(ПЭТ-сканирование)
позитронно-эмиссионная томография
a medical imaging technique that uses a small amount of radioactive tracer material to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders
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дыхание
(anatomy) the act or process of breathing
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тонизирующее средство
a drug that makes one feel stronger, healthier, or better, particularly used to treat exhaustion
A tonic is a type of medicine or beverage that is believed to improve one's overall health and energy, often used to reduce tiredness or weakness. It is thought to provide a sense of strength and well-being, though its effects can vary depending on what it is made from. Tonics are typically taken orally and may contain vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, or other nutrients believed to have beneficial effects on health.
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менопауза
the natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles, typically occurring around the age of 50
/bˈɑːdi mˈæs ˈɪndɛks/
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(ИМТ)
индекс массы тела
a numerical measure of an individual's body fat based on their weight and height, often used to assess and categorize body weight in relation to health
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measurement used to evaluate an individual's body weight relative to their height. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. BMI serves as a screening tool to categorize individuals into groups such as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. While it is not a direct measure of body fat, BMI can indicate potential health risks associated with weight, such as heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. The ideal BMI rate typically falls within the range of 18.5 to 24.9, which is considered normal weight. However, it is important to recognize that BMI has limitations and may not accurately reflect body composition for individuals with high muscle mass or certain health conditions.
/ɹˈæpɪd ˈaɪ mˈuːvmənt/
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(REM (БДГ - Быстрое Движение Глаз))
быстрое движение глаз
a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, vivid dreaming, and muscle paralysis, important for cognitive restoration and memory consolidation
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