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сегрегация
the policy of separating a group of people from the rest based on racial, sexual, or religious grounds and discriminating against them

дискриминация
the practice of treating a person or different categories of people less fairly than others

(нация)
этничность
the state of belonging to a certain ethnic group

меньшинство
a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

активизм
the action of striving to bring about social or political reform, especially as a member of an organization with specific objectives

(власть)
агентство
the capacity or power of an individual or entity to take action, make decisions, and influence or control their environment or circumstances

племя
a large group of people who are related to each other

(племенное вождьство)
вождества
a form of sociopolitical organization in which a centralized authority governs a community or a collection of communities

(сообщество)
коллектив
a cooperative or united group of individuals, entities, or elements working together for a common purpose or interest

демографическая группа
the statistical characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, and ethnicity

(развитие городов)
урбанизация
the process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and the expansion of urban areas

цивилизация
a society that has developed its own culture and institutions in a particular period of time or place

бюрократия
an organizational structure characterized by strict procedures, rules, and regulations designed to manage complex tasks or activities efficiently

(воспитание в обществе)
социализация
the process through which individuals within a society or group learn and internalize behavior patterns, norms, values, and customs through interactions, education, and social experiences
/sˈɪvəl ɹˈaɪt/

(гражданские права)
гражданское право
any of the basic freedoms or rights that protect individuals from unfair treatment and ensure equality under the law, regardless of race, gender, religion, disability, or other characteristics
Грамматическая Информация:
/stˈæɾəs kwˈoʊ/

положение дел
the situation or condition that is currently at hand
Грамматическая Информация:

(индустриализация)
индустриализация
the process of developing and expanding industries within a region or country, involving the increased production of goods through the use of advanced machinery, technology, and organized labor

аристократия
people in the highest class of society who have a lot of power and wealth and usually high ranks and titles

королевская семья
kings and queens and any member of their families

метрополия
a large, important city that serves as a significant economic, political, or cultural center for a region or country

инфраструктура
the basic physical structures and systems that support and enable the functioning of a society or organization, such as roads and bridges

(обоснованность)
легитимность
the state of being valid, justifiable, or morally acceptable
/θˈiəɹi ʌv mˈaɪnd/

(теория ума)
теория разума
the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives that are different from one's own
Грамматическая Информация:
/sˈɪvəl dˌɪsoʊbˈiːdiəns/

(мирное сопротивление)
гражданское неповиновение
the deliberate and nonviolent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of a government or authority, typically as a form of protest
Грамматическая Информация:

(несоответствие)
неконформизм
the behavior or attitude that does not follow established norms, conventions, or expectations within a society or group

(отверженный)
изгой
a person who has been rejected or excluded from a social group or society, often due to their behavior, beliefs, or social status

беженец
a person who is forced to leave their own country because of war, natural disaster, etc.

коммуна
a local administrative unit in certain countries, functioning as the smallest division of government

окрестности
the outer areas or parts of a city or town
/ɹˈæt ɹˈeɪs/

( в котором люди агрессивно соревнуются друг с другом)
это работа
a draining and stressful lifestyle that consists of constantly competing with others for success, wealth, power, etc. and so leaving no room for rest and pleasure
The term "rat race" originates from the world of rat-catching, where rats were pitted against each other and the winner was the one that escaped. This idiom is typically used to describe the hectic and competitive nature of modern life, particularly in urban areas.
Грамматическая Информация:
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приход
an area with a church of its own that is under the care of a priest

каста
a system that divides the people of a society into different social classes based on their wealth, privilage, or profession

(степень)
уровень
a level or rank in an organization, profession, or society, indicating a person's status or authority within that hierarchy

(статус)
социальное положение
a person's social rank or position within a structured hierarchy or society
/klˈæsɪst/

(дискриминационный по отношению к классу)
классовый
marked by discrimination against or prejudice toward individuals or groups based on their social class

(смиренный)
скромный
having a low social rank or position, often characterized by modesty

(социальноэкономический)
социально-экономический
referring to factors or conditions that involve both social and economic aspects

(патриархатный)
патриархальный
relating to a social system where men hold primary power and authority over women and families

(коренной)
аборигенный
relating to the original inhabitants of a particular region or country, who have distinct cultural, social, and historical ties to that land

человеколюбивый
involved in or related to helping people who are in need to improve their living conditions

космополитический
including a wide range of people with different nationalities and cultures

утопический
referring to a vision of an ideal society, where everything is flawless or nearly perfect

прогрессивный
advocating for social, political, or economic reform and improvement

воинствующий
displaying violent acts for the sake of a social or political aim

пригородный
characteristic of or relating to a residential area outside a city or town

(изолировать)
маргинализировать
to treat a person, group, or concept as insignificant or of secondary or minor importance
Грамматическая Информация:

провести перепись
to systematically collect and record demographic data about a population

(интегрироваться)
ассимилировать
to integrate into a new environment, often by adopting its language, norms, values, and practices
Грамматическая Информация:

реабилитировать
to help someone to restore to a healthy and independent state after a period of imprisonment, addiction, illness, etc.
Грамматическая Информация:
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