
собирать урожай
to cut and collect a crop
Грамматическая Информация:

культивировать
to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes
Грамматическая Информация:

удобрение
a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow
Fertilizer is a substance added to soil or plants to provide essential nutrients that help them grow better. It can be made from natural materials, like compost or manure, or synthetic chemicals. Fertilizers typically contain nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which plants need for healthy growth, strong roots, and the ability to produce flowers or fruit. They can come in various forms, such as powders, granules, or liquids, and are often applied during planting or throughout the growing season to improve soil quality and plant health.

ирригация
the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

(количество осадков)
осадки
the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

приносить
(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product
Грамматическая Информация:
/sˌɛmɪˈæɹɪd/

(полусухой)
полусухой
characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

хвойный
relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

листопадный
(of plants) annually losing leaves
/sˈɪlvɪkˌʌltʃɚ/

лесоводство
the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance
/ʃˈɛɹkɹɑːpɪŋ/

(долевое землевладение)
доля на земле
an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

пахать
to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming
Грамматическая Информация:
/pɹɪsˈɪʒən ˈæɡɹɪkˌʌltʃɚ/

(прецизионное сельское хозяйство)
точное земледелие
a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides
/ˈæɡɹoʊ pˈæstoːɹəlˌɪzəm/

(агропасторальное хозяйство)
агропасторализм
a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

(экологически чистый)
натуральный
(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

инсектицид
a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures
Insecticide is a chemical substance used to kill or control insects that harm plants, crops, or structures. It comes in various forms, such as sprays, powders, or granules, and is applied to areas where insects are active. Insecticides work by affecting the insects' nervous system or other vital functions, causing them to die or stop reproducing. They are commonly used in gardens, farms, and homes to protect plants from pests like aphids, beetles, and mosquitoes. However, insecticides must be used carefully to avoid harming beneficial insects or the environment.

пестицид
a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

(создавать террасы)
террасировать
to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

мотыжить
to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

(перекопать)
вспахивать
to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller
Грамматическая Информация:

гербицид
a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

навоз
solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger
Manure is animal waste, usually from cows, horses, or chickens, that is used as a natural fertilizer to enrich soil. It contains nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which help plants grow better. Manure is often mixed into the soil to improve its structure, water-holding ability, and nutrient levels. It can also help to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. The manure is typically composted before use to break down harmful bacteria and make it safer for plants.

компост
decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it
Compost is a mixture of organic materials, such as food scraps, leaves, and yard waste, that has broken down into a dark, crumbly substance through natural processes. It is used to improve soil by adding nutrients and increasing its ability to retain moisture. Compost can be made at home by combining materials like vegetable peels, grass clippings, and small branches in a pile or bin, where they decompose over time. It helps plants grow better and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers, and it is also an eco-friendly way to recycle waste.

полоть
to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants
Грамматическая Информация:

мульча
a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots
Mulch is a material, such as wood chips, leaves, straw, or compost, spread over the soil around plants. It helps retain moisture in the soil, regulate temperature, and prevent the growth of weeds. Mulch also slowly breaks down, adding nutrients to the soil. It can improve the appearance of garden beds and protect plants from extreme weather conditions. Depending on the type, mulch can be organic, like bark or straw, or inorganic, like rubber or gravel. It is often used in gardens, flower beds, and around trees.
/mˈɑːnoʊkˌɑːt/

(однокот)
монохот
a type of flowering plant that has a single cotyledon, or seed leaf, in its embryo, and typically features parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and fibrous root systems

(проводить селекцию)
скрещивать
to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds, races, or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits
Грамматическая Информация:

заболевание растений
any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

прерия
a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

(поражение)
инфекция
the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

(земельный)
сельскохозяйственный
related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life
/ɡɹˈænɚɹi/

(амбар)
зернохранилище
a place used for storing grains or farm food
/hˌaɪdɹəpˈɑːnɪks/

гидропоника
a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions
/jˌuːtɹəfɪkˈeɪʃən/

(эвтрофикация)
эутрофикация
the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

пшено
small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour
Millet refers to a group of small-seeded grains that belong to the Poaceae family. Millets are cultivated in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and parts of Europe and the Americas. They are valued for their resilience to harsh growing conditions, such as drought and poor soil fertility, making them an important food source in regions with challenging agricultural environments. Millets are highly nutritious, containing protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as magnesium and phosphorus. They are gluten-free and have a mild, nutty flavor. Millets can be cooked whole, ground into flour, or used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes, including porridges, bread, pilafs, and salads.

маис
a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking
Maize, also known as corn, is a versatile grain with distinctive features such as its vibrant yellow color, plump kernels, and sweet taste. It has a slightly chewy texture and a delightful crunch when cooked or roasted. Maize can be enjoyed in various forms, from steamed or grilled cobs to popped kernels for snacks. Its natural sweetness adds a pleasant flavor to dishes, making it a popular ingredient in savory and sweet recipes alike. With its versatility and comforting taste, maize is a staple in many cuisines around the world.

(сквош)
тSquash
a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature
A squash is a type of fruit that typically has a thick, tough outer rind and soft, edible flesh inside. Squashes come in various shapes, sizes, and colors, including round, oblong, or elongated, and can be green, yellow, orange, or even striped. There are many different varieties of squash, including zucchini, butternut squash, acorn squash, and spaghetti squash, each with its own unique flavor and texture. Squashes can be cooked in a variety of ways, including roasting, steaming, baking, or sautéing, and are commonly used in both savory and sweet dishes. They are rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making them a nutritious addition to any diet.

лесозаготовка
the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

сафлор
a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil
Safflower is an annual flowering plant with vibrant orange, yellow, or red flowers. While it is primarily cultivated for its seeds, which are used to produce safflower oil, safflower petals can also be used as an herb or dye. In culinary applications, safflower petals are sometimes used as a natural food coloring or flavoring agent in various dishes, including rice, soups, and teas. However, its culinary use is relatively limited compared to other herbs and spices. Safflower is also valued for its potential medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including cardiovascular issues, inflammation, and menstrual disorders.

цветная капуста
the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable
Cauliflower is a versatile vegetable known for its dense and compact head, consisting of tightly packed florets. It is characterized by its creamy white color and mild, slightly nutty flavor. With its firm yet tender texture, cauliflower is commonly used as a healthy substitute for starchy ingredients in various dishes. Whether roasted, steamed, or mashed, cauliflower offers a satisfying and nutritious addition to salads, stir-fries, soups, and more. Its versatility makes it a popular choice for those seeking low-carb or gluten-free options in their meals.

(сеянец)
рассада
a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination
/mˈɪlfɔɪl/

(милузы)
водяная трава
aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

(березка)
берёза
a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

(проникновение)
инфильтрация
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

(разлагающийся органический материал)
хумус
the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface
/hˈaɪfə/

(мицелий)
гифа
a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

спаржа
a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw
Asparagus is a long, slender vegetable with tender stalks and a slightly earthy and grassy flavor. It is commonly eaten both cooked and raw and is often steamed, roasted, grilled, or sautéed. Asparagus is known for its versatility and can be used in a variety of dishes, including salads, pastas, stir-fries, and omelets. It is rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin K, folate, and potassium, making it a nutritious addition to meals.
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вредители
small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number
Vermin generally refers to a group of small animals that are considered to be pests and are often unwelcome in human habitation or agricultural areas. This group of animals can include rodents such as rats and mice, as well as insects like cockroaches and bedbugs. They are known for causing damage to property, spreading disease, and competing with humans for resources. Vermin can be a serious problem in both urban and rural areas, and many methods have been developed to control their populations, including traps, poisons, and other forms of pest management. Despite the negative connotations associated with the term "vermin," many of these animals are an important part of the ecosystem and serve valuable ecological roles.

(бесплодная земля)
пустошь
a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

(тыква)
бачок
a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

редиска
an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads
The radish is a root vegetable characterized by its small, round or elongated shape and vibrant red, white, or purple skin. It has a crisp, crunchy texture and a refreshing peppery flavor that varies in intensity depending on the variety. Radishes are commonly eaten raw and can be sliced thinly and added to salads or used as a garnish. They can also be pickled, roasted, or sautéed, which can mellow their flavor and soften their texture. Radishes are low in calories and rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin C, potassium, and fiber.

(емла)
пихта
a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

бобовые
any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans
/pˈɜːsleɪn/

постник
a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes
Purslane is a leafy green herb that is characterized by its succulent and fleshy leaves. It is known for its vibrant green color and mild, slightly tangy flavor. Purslane is highly nutritious and is rich in vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. It is often used in salads, soups, stir-fries, and other dishes as a fresh and refreshing ingredient. Purslane is also valued for its medicinal properties and is believed to have various health benefits.
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