reviewОбзорchevron down
Необходимый Словарный Запас для TOEFL /

Физические недостатки и болезни

1 / 25
Выход
1-
disability
2-
syndrome
3-
impairment
4-
AIDS
5-
asthma
6-
cancer
7-
cholera
8-
plague
9-
measles
10-
diabetes
11-
chickenpox
12-
Covid-19
13-
seasickness
14-
stroke
15-
heart attack
16-
infection
17-
shock
18-
genetic
19-
fatal
20-
disabled
21-
handicap
22-
deafness
23-
blindness
24-
tuberculosis
25-
special needs
Disability
/dɪsəbɪlɪti/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
a
ə
b
b
i
ɪ
l
l
i
ɪ
t
t
y
i
Spelling
Закрыть
Войти
инвалидность

инвалидность

существительное

a physical or mental condition that prevents a person from using some part of their body completely or learning something easily

What is a "disability"?

A disability is a physical, mental, sensory, or developmental condition that may limit a person's ability to perform certain tasks, participate in activities, or interact with their environment in the same way as others. Disabilities can vary widely in nature and seriousness, and they can appear from birth or later in life due to injury, illness, or other factors. People with disabilities may face challenges in areas such as movement, communication, learning, or daily living activities. However, with appropriate support, accommodations, and access to resources, individuals with disabilities can lead independent and fulfilling lives. It is important to promote acceptance and remove barriers to make sure of equal opportunities and participation for people with disabilities in all aspects of society.

disability
Syndrome
/sɪndroʊm/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
s
s
y
ɪ
n
n
d
d
r
r
o
m
m
e
синдром

синдром

существительное

a group of medical signs that indicate a person is suffering from a particular disease or condition

Impairment
/ɪmpɛrmənt/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
i
ɪ
m
m
p
p
ai
ɛ
r
r
m
m
e
ə
n
n
t
t
ухудшени

ухудшени

существительное

a state or condition in which a part of one's body or brain does not work properly

What is an "impairment"?

An impairment is a condition where a part of the body or brain does not function as it should, affecting one's ability to perform certain tasks or activities. This can include physical impairments, such as difficulty walking or seeing, or mental impairments, like problems with memory or understanding. Impairments can vary in seriousness and may be temporary or permanent, impacting daily life and requiring support or accommodations to manage effectively.

impairment
AIDS
us flag
/ˈeɪdz/
СПИД

СПИД

существительное

a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the body's immune system and weakens it, can cause death in severe cases

What is "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"?

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a serious condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system and weakens the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. AIDS is considered the advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by a significant decline in immune function and the development of infections or cancers. Symptoms of AIDS can include repeated fevers, unexplained weight loss, persistent diarrhea, and intense fatigue. Without treatment, AIDS can be life-threatening. However, with advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), many people with HIV can prevent the progression to AIDS and live long and healthy lives.

Asthma
/æzmə/
Трудный
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
a
æ
s
z
th
m
m
a
ə
астма

астма

существительное

a disease that causes shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing

What is "asthma"?

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways in the lungs. This inflammation can cause symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Asthma symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency, and they may be triggered by factors like allergens, exercise, cold air, or respiratory infections. While there is no cure for asthma, it can be managed effectively with medications such as inhalers to control inflammation and open the airways, as well as by avoiding triggers and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Regular monitoring and treatment can help people with asthma lead active and fulfilling lives while minimizing the risk of flare-ups and complications.

asthma
Cancer
/kænsər/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
c
k
a
æ
n
n
c
s
e
ə
r
r
рак

рак

существительное

a serious disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells in a part of the body that may spread to other parts

What is "cancer"?

Cancer is a disease where abnormal cells grow and spread uncontrollably, often forming lumps or tumors in the body. These abnormal cells can disturb the normal functioning of organs and tissues, leading to a range of symptoms depending on the type and location of the cancer. Common symptoms can include unexplained weight loss, lasting fatigue, changes in bowel or bladder habits, and unusual lumps or growths. There are many different types of cancer, each with its own set of risk factors, causes, and treatment options. Treatment for cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the specific type and stage of the cancer. Early detection and immediate treatment are important for improving outcomes and increasing the chances of survival.

Грамматическая Информация:

cancer
Cholera
/kɑ:lərə/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
ch
k
o
ɑ:
l
l
e
ə
r
r
a
ə
холера

холера

существительное

a potentially fatal illness that is acquired from consumption of water or food contaminated with particular bacteria, causing diarrhea and vomiting

What is "cholera"?

Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. It spreads through contaminated water or food, especially in places with poor hygiene. Cholera bacteria release a toxin that makes the intestines release lots of water, leading to watery diarrhea, vomiting, and fast loss of fluids and important minerals. Without quick treatment, severe dehydration can happen, which can be life-threatening. Treatment usually involves drinking special drinks with salt and sugar, called oral rehydration solution (ORS), or, in serious cases, getting fluids directly into a vein. Antibiotics may also be used to shorten the duration of symptoms and reduce the spread of the disease. Prevention of cholera involves improving hygiene, ensuring access to clean water, and vaccination in high-risk areas.

Plague
/pleɪg/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
p
p
l
l
a
g
g
u
e
чума

чума

существительное

a dangerous disease spread by rats that causes fever and swellings, often kills if infected

What is the "plague"?

Plague is a serious bacterial infection caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis. It is usually spread through the bite of infected fleas, which can carry the bacterium from rodents to humans. Plague has historically caused widespread pandemics, like the Black Death in the Middle Ages, but today it is rare and mostly occurs in specific regions, particularly in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Symptoms may include fever, chills, weakness, swollen glands, and difficulty breathing. Quick treatment with antibiotics is crucial to prevent serious complications and death. Public health measures, such as controlling rodents and preventing flea bites, are also important for stopping the spread of plague.

Measles
/mi:zəlz/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
m
m
ea
i:
s
z
ə
l
l
e
s
z
корь

корь

существительное

a contagious disease that causes high fever and small red spots on the body, common in children

What is "measles"?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It primarily affects children and is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic red, spotty skin rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. Measles can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing measles and is part of the routine vaccination schedule in many countries.

measles
Diabetes
/daɪəbi:tiz/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
d
d
ia
aɪə
b
b
e
i:
t
t
e
i
s
z
диабет

диабет

существительное

a serious medical condition in which the body is unable to regulate the blood sugar levels because it does not produce enough insulin

What is "diabetes"?

Diabetes is a health condition where the body has difficulty controlling blood sugar levels. This occurs either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, known as Type 1 diabetes, or because the body does not effectively use the insulin it produces, known as Type 2 diabetes. Insulin is a hormone that helps sugar, glucose, from food enter cells to be used for energy. When insulin is not working properly, sugar builds up in the blood instead of being used by cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar can cause various complications, such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision problems. Managing diabetes typically involves maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, monitoring blood sugar levels, and, in some cases, taking medication or insulin injections.

diabetes
Chickenpox
us flag
/tʃˈɪkɪnpˌɑːks/
ветрянка

ветрянка

существительное

a contagious disease that causes a mild fever and an itchy rash with blisters, primarily affects children

What is "chickenpox"?

Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It mainly affects children and causes an itchy rash of red spots or blisters, often with flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue. The rash typically starts on the face, chest, and back before spreading to the rest of the body. Chickenpox is spread when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus or direct contact with the rash. While uncomfortable, most cases of chickenpox resolve on their own within a week or two without serious complications. However, it can be more serious in adults, pregnant women, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is available and highly effective in preventing chickenpox and its potential complications.

Covid-19
us flag
/kˈɑːvɪd nˈaɪntiːn/
Ковид-19

Ковид-19

существительное

an infectious disease caused by a type of virus called coronavirus that causes fever, tiredness, a cough, etc., and in some cases can kill, originated in China and later became a pandemic

What is "Covid-19"?

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It mainly spreads when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, releasing saliva or mucus. Symptoms can vary but commonly include fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, and loss of taste or smell. While most cases are mild, some individuals may experience serious complications, particularly older adults and those with underlying health conditions. Preventive measures like wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and getting vaccinated help reduce the spread of the disease and protect people against serious illness.

Seasickness
us flag
/sˈiːsɪknəs/
морская болезнь

морская болезнь

существительное

wooziness and nausea caused by the rocking motion of a boat or ship

What is "seasickness"?

Seasickness is a type of motion sickness that occurs when on a boat or ship, leading to feelings of nausea and dizziness. It happens because the inner ear, which is responsible for balance, senses movement differently than the eyes, causing confusion in the brain. Symptoms of seasickness include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, and a general feeling of discomfort. Seasickness can be managed by sitting near the center of a boat where motion is minimized, focusing on the horizon, and taking medications like antihistamines or anti-nausea drugs. It's also helpful to avoid triggers such as reading while in motion.

seasickness
Stroke
/stroʊk/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
s
s
t
t
r
r
o
k
k
e
инсульт

инсульт

существительное

a dangerous condition in which a person loses consciousness as a result of a blood vessel breaking open or becoming blocked in their brain, which could kill or paralyze a part of their body

What is a "stroke"?

A stroke occurs when part of the brain does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients because the blood supply is cut off or reduced. This can happen because of a blockage in an artery, known as an ischemic stroke, or the bursting of a blood vessel, known as a hemorrhagic stroke. Symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, confusion, trouble walking, dizziness, and an intense headache. Immediate medical attention is critical for treating a stroke, as early treatment can minimize brain damage and improve outcomes. Treatment may involve medications, procedures to remove blood clots, and rehabilitation to regain lost functions.

Heart attack
us flag
/hˈɑːɹt ɐtˈæk/
сердечный приступ

сердечный приступ

существительное

a medical emergency that happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, which is fatal in some cases

What is a "heart attack"?

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked for an extended period, causing damage or death to the heart tissue. This blockage is typically caused by a buildup of fatty substances in the coronary arteries, which can burst and form a blood clot. Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, lightheadedness, and pain or discomfort in the arms, back, neck, or jaw. Immediate medical attention is crucial to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage. Treatment may involve medications, lifestyle changes, and procedures such as angioplasty or surgery to improve blood flow to the heart.

Грамматическая Информация:

Составное Существительное
heart attack
Infection
/ɪnfɛkʃən/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
i
ɪ
n
n
f
f
e
ɛ
c
k
t
ʃ
io
ə
n
n
инфекция

инфекция

существительное

the act in which a disease-causing organism, such as a virus or parasite, causes a particular illness

What is an "infection"?

An infection is the process in which harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms invade and multiply in the body, causing illness or disease. This invasion can lead to various symptoms such as fever, inflammation, pain, and fatigue. Infections can spread through direct contact, contaminated food or water, or through the air. The body’s immune system typically responds to fight off the invading microorganisms, and treatments may include antibiotics, antivirals, or other medications to help eliminate the infection and ease symptoms.

Shock
/ʃɑ:k/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
sh
ʃ
o
ɑ:
ck
k
шок

шок

существительное

a severe medical condition following an extreme drop in blood pressure, caused by a massive blood loss, serious burns, etc., which makes the person feel cold, have rapid pulse and breathing

Genetic
/ʤənɛtɪk/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
g
ʤ
e
ə
n
n
e
ɛ
t
t
i
ɪ
c
k
генетический

генетический

существительное

(of diseases) passed on from one's parents

genetic
Fatal
/feɪtəl/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
f
f
a
t
t
a
ə
l
l
смертельный

смертельный

существительное

resulting in death

antonymnonfatal
fatal
Disabled
/dɪseɪbəld/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
d
d
i
ɪ
s
s
a
b
b
ə
l
l
e
d
d
инвалид

инвалид

существительное

completely or partial inability to use a part of one's body or mind, caused by an illness, injury, etc.

disabled
Handicap
/hændikæp/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
h
h
a
æ
n
n
d
d
i
i
c
k
a
æ
p
p
неполноценность

неполноценность

существительное

a condition that impairs a person's mental or physical functions

handicap
Deafness
/dɛfnəs/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
d
d
ea
ɛ
f
f
n
n
e
ə
ss
s
глухота

глухота

существительное

the state or condition of being totally or partially unable to hear

What is "deafness"?

Deafness is a condition where a person lacks or has limited ability to hear sounds. It can vary in seriousness, from partial hearing loss to complete deafness. Deafness can be present from birth or develop later in life due to factors such as genetic conditions, infections, exposure to loud noises, or aging. Individuals who are deaf may use sign language, lip-reading, hearing aids, or cochlear implants to communicate and navigate their environment. Supportive services and resources, such as education programs and accessibility accommodations, can help individuals with deafness lead fulfilling lives.

deafness
Blindness
/blaɪndnəs/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
b
b
l
l
i
n
n
d
d
n
n
e
ə
ss
s
слепота

слепота

существительное

the condition or state of being completely or partially unable to see

What is "blindness"?

Blindness is a condition where a person lacks or loses their ability to see completely or partially. It can be caused by various factors such as eye diseases, injuries, or conditions affecting the optic nerve or brain. Blindness can range from mild visual problems to complete loss of sight. People who are blind may use alternative techniques and tools to navigate their surroundings, such as using a cane or guide dog, reading in braille, or using assistive technology. While blindness can significantly impact daily life, many individuals adapt and lead fulfilling lives with the support of specialized services and resources.

blindness
Tuberculosis
/təbɜrkjəloʊsɪs/
us flag
Эпентеза
Тихий
t
t
u
ə
b
b
e
ɜ
r
r
c
k
u
j
ə
l
l
o
s
s
i
ɪ
s
s
туберкулёз

туберкулёз

существительное

a potentially severe bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs and causes swellings to appear on them or other parts of the body

What is "tuberculosis"?

Tuberculosis, often referred to as TB, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. Symptoms of TB may include persistent cough, chest pain, coughing up blood or phlegm, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making it highly contagious. While TB can be serious if left untreated, it is curable with antibiotics. Treatment typically involves a combination of several medications taken over several months. Prevention measures include early detection, isolation of infected individuals, and vaccination in regions where TB is common.

Special needs
us flag
/spˈɛʃəl nˈiːdz/
особые потребности

особые потребности

существительное

particular requirements that a person has, especially an individual with physical, emotional, or mental disability

Поздравляем! !

Вы выучили 25 слов из Physical Disabilities and Illnesses. Для улучшения запоминания и повторения слов начните практиковаться!

review-disable

Обзор

flashcard-disable

Флэш-карточки

spelling-disable

Правописание

quiz-disable

Тест

practice