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архитектура
the study or art of building and designing houses
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архитектурный
relating to the study or art of constructing or designing a building
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цемент
a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together
Cement is a fine powder made from a mixture of minerals like limestone and clay. When mixed with water, it forms a paste that hardens over time, becoming a strong material used in construction. Cement is a key ingredient in making concrete and mortar, which are commonly used for building foundations, walls, and floors. It is known for its durability and ability to withstand pressure, making it a crucial material in both small and large-scale building projects.
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пиломатериал
wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes
Lumber is wood that has been processed into planks, beams, or other shapes for use in construction and woodworking. It is cut from trees and can vary in size, shape, and quality depending on its intended use. Lumber is commonly used in building houses, furniture, and other structures. It is valued for its strength, versatility, and natural appearance, and can be treated to resist moisture, insects, and decay.
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строительный раствор
a substance that is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, used for fixing bricks and stones in a building
Mortar is a soft mixture made from materials like sand, water, and a binder such as cement or lime. It is used to hold bricks, stones, or other building materials together, filling gaps and creating a strong, stable bond. Once it dries and hardens, it also provides additional strength to the structure and helps protect against water and air penetration. Mortar is commonly used in walls, foundations, and other masonry work.
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штукатурка
a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface
Plaster is a building material made from a mixture of lime, chalk, or cement with water, used to coat walls and ceilings. It hardens when it dries and creates a smooth, durable surface. Plaster is often applied in layers to provide a solid base for painting or wallpaper and is also used for decorative purposes, such as molding or sculpting. It is valued for its ability to create a polished finish and its ability to help with soundproofing and temperature regulation in buildings.
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балка
a long bar of iron or metal that supports the weight of a building
A beam is a long, horizontal structural element made from materials such as iron, steel, or concrete, designed to support and distribute the weight of a building or other structures. Beams are critical in carrying loads from above, such as floors, roofs, and other components, and transferring that weight to columns or walls. They can vary in size and shape, depending on the requirements of the design and the loads they need to support. By providing stability and strength, beams play a vital role in ensuring the safety and durability of a building.
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подмости
a structure consisting of metal poles with wooden planks on them that are put against a building so that workers can climb it or stand on it while constructing the building
Scaffolding is a temporary structure used in construction and maintenance to support workers and materials while performing tasks at heights. It typically consists of platforms made from metal or wooden boards supported by a framework of poles and braces. Scaffolding provides a safe and stable working environment, allowing workers to access elevated areas, such as building facades or rooftops, more easily. It is commonly used for tasks like painting, repairing, or constructing buildings. The design and installation of scaffolding must adhere to safety standards to ensure the protection of workers and prevent accidents on the job site.
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укреплять
to strengthen a substance or structure, particularly by adding extra material to it
Грамматическая Информация:
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отремонтировать
to make a building or a place look good again by repairing or painting it
Грамматическая Информация:
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фундамент
a hard layer of cement, stone, etc. that serves as the underground support of a building
A foundation is the lower part of a building that provides support and stability, transferring the weight of the structure to the ground. It is typically made of concrete, masonry, or stone and is designed to prevent settling or shifting that could damage the building. Foundations come in various types, such as shallow foundations, which are placed close to the surface, and deep foundations, which extend deeper into the ground for added stability. The design and construction of a foundation are crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of a building, as it serves as the base that holds everything above it.
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строить
to build or assemble a structure or object in an upright position
Грамматическая Информация:
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(чертёж)
проект
a detailed plan or design, typically technical or architectural, that outlines the dimensions, materials, and specifications for construction or production
A blueprint is a detailed technical drawing or plan used in construction and architecture to guide the building process. Traditionally printed in blue with white lines, blueprints provide a precise representation of a structure, including dimensions, layouts, and materials. They often show multiple views, such as floor plans, elevations, and sections, to give a complete picture of the project. Blueprints serve as essential communication tools between architects, engineers, and builders, ensuring everyone understands the design and specifications. Today, blueprints can also be created digitally, allowing for easier modifications and sharing among project stakeholders.
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рушиться
(of a building) to fall apart
Грамматическая Информация:
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сносить
to completely destroy or to knock down a building or another structure
Грамматическая Информация:
/ɹˈɛkɪŋ bˈɔːl/
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шар-баба
a heavy metal ball hanging from a crane that is struck against a building to destroy it
A wrecking ball is a heavy steel ball, often suspended from a crane or a framework, used in demolition work to break down buildings and structures. The ball is swung or dropped to strike the structure with great force, causing walls and other elements to collapse. Wrecking balls can vary in size, depending on the project requirements, and are an effective tool for dismantling large, solid constructions. This method of demolition is often visible in urban settings and is known for its dramatic impact. However, it has become less common in recent years due to the availability of alternative demolition techniques.
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бульдозер
a large, powerful vehicle with a wide steel blade at its front that is used to destroy buildings or move earth
A bulldozer is a large, powerful piece of heavy machinery equipped with a broad, flat blade at the front, designed for pushing, moving, and leveling earth and debris. It is commonly used in construction, mining, and landscaping projects to clear land, create roads, and prepare sites for building. Bulldozers can operate on various terrains and are often fitted with tracks instead of wheels for better traction and stability on rough surfaces. Their ability to move large quantities of material makes them essential for many types of heavy-duty work, helping to reshape and prepare landscapes efficiently.
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фасад
the front of a building, particularly one that is large and has an elegant appearance
A façade refers to the front or exterior face of a building, especially the part that faces a street or open space. It is often the most decorative and distinctive part of a building, designed to create a specific visual impression. Facades can include windows, doors, and architectural details, and may be made from materials like stone, brick, glass, or metal. The design of a façade can reflect the style, purpose, and character of the building, and it often serves as the building's most recognizable feature.
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кладка
the skilled trade or craft of working with stone, bricks, or other masonry materials to construct buildings, walls, or other structures
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арка
a curved symmetrical structure that supports the weight above it, used in bridges or buildings
An arch is a curved structure that spans an opening, typically made of stone, brick, or other materials. It is designed to support weight from above while allowing for clear space below. Arches are often used in doorways, windows, and bridges, creating a strong and stable shape that can distribute weight evenly. The curved design not only provides structural strength but also adds an aesthetic element to buildings and structures. Arches have been used in architecture for thousands of years and are an essential feature in various styles, from ancient Roman to modern design.
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пентхаус
an apartment on top of a tall building
A penthouse is a luxury apartment located on the top floor of a building, often offering spectacular views and extra space compared to other units. Penthouses typically feature high-end finishes, private terraces or balconies, and sometimes additional amenities like a private elevator. They are known for their exclusivity and are often considered a symbol of prestige and wealth. Penthouses are found in both urban and suburban areas, often in high-rise buildings, and are designed to offer residents privacy and comfort with premium features.
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купол
a building's roof that is rounded
A dome is a rounded, curved roof or ceiling that looks like the top half of a sphere. It is often used in large buildings such as churches, mosques, and government structures to create a grand and open space. The dome design evenly distributes weight, making the structure strong and stable. Its shape also allows for good acoustics and can help with natural lighting. Domes are admired for their impressive appearance and are often a central feature in architectural design.
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комната
a private room that is mostly used as bedroom
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терраса
a flat paved area, particularly one next to a building or restaurant, where people can sit, eat, relax, etc.
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коттедж
a hut, shelter, or cabin, usually at a swimming pool or beach
A cabana is a small, simple structure, usually found by the beach or poolside, that provides shelter or shade. It is often open on one or more sides and can be used for relaxing, changing clothes, or storing outdoor items. Cabanas are typically made of lightweight materials like wood, canvas, or bamboo and are popular in vacation spots or resorts. They are designed to offer comfort and protection from the sun while blending in with outdoor settings. Some cabanas may have seating, curtains, or even a small kitchen or bar area.
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беседка
a small roofed building with open sides, usually in a garden
A gazebo is a small, open-sided structure, often found in gardens or parks, designed for relaxation and enjoying outdoor views. It typically has a roof to provide shade and shelter from the sun or light rain. Gazebos can be round, square, or octagonal in shape and are usually made from wood, metal, or other durable materials. They are often used for social gatherings, as a quiet retreat, or simply as a decorative feature in a garden. Gazebos offer a space for people to sit, unwind, and appreciate the surrounding natural beauty.
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кондоминиум
any of the apartments in a condominium
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аркада
an arch-covered passage along the side of a group of buildings
An arcade is a row of connected arches supported by columns or pillars, commonly found in architecture. These arches often form walkways or passageways, either inside or outside a building, and are designed to create a sense of openness while also providing support for the structure above. Arcades are frequently seen in churches, marketplaces, and courtyards, and they allow for a combination of shelter and airflow. They add both functional and decorative elements to buildings, enhancing their appearance while serving practical purposes like shading and directing foot traffic.
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зрительный зал
a large building or hall where people are gathered to attend a concert, public speech, play, etc.
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амфитеатр
an open building that is round or oval in shape and has a space in the middle surrounded by several seats, originated in ancient Roman and Greek architecture used for public entertainments such as sports or drama
An amphitheater is a large, open-air structure designed for performances and events, typically featuring a circular or oval shape with seats arranged around a central stage or arena. This layout allows for excellent visibility and acoustics, making it suitable for various activities such as plays, concerts, and sports. Amphitheaters were popular in ancient Roman and Greek cultures, serving as venues for public entertainment and gatherings. They often include tiered seating to accommodate large audiences, and some amphitheaters may also feature elaborate architectural details, enhancing their aesthetic appeal.
/hˈaɪɹˈaɪz/
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высотный
(of buildings) having many floors
/ˈɡɑθɪk/
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Готический
(architecture) used to describe the building style prevalent in Western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries, whose characteristics are high ceilings, tall pillars, pointed windows and arches that are mostly made of stone
/bɝˈoʊk/
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барочный
of characteristics of a highly ornate and detailed style in European art, architecture, or music from the 17th to early 18th century
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колониальный
reflecting the architectural or decorative style that was common in America during the 18th century, particularly the period it was under British rule
/vɪkˈtɔɹiən/
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Викторианский
denoting or relating to Queen Victoria or her reign from 1837 to 1901
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