Biology

culture

isim

/kʌl.ʧər/ or /kal.çer/

c

k

k

u

ʌ

a

l

l

l

t

ʧ

ç

u

ə

e

r

r

r

e

(kültürleme)

kültür

the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pH

metabolic

sıfat

/mɛ.tə.bɑ.lɪk/ or /me.te.ba.lik/

m

m

m

e

ɛ

e

t

t

t

a

ə

e

b

b

b

o

ɑ

a

l

l

l

i

ɪ

i

c

k

k

(metabolizma ile ilgili)

metabolik

relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life

specimen

isim

/spɛ.sə.mən/ or /spe.se.men/

s

s

s

p

p

p

e

ɛ

e

c

s

s

i

ə

e

m

m

m

e

ə

e

n

n

n

örnek

a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or category

genus

isim

/ʤi.nəs/ or /ci.nes/

g

ʤ

c

e

i

i

n

n

n

u

ə

e

s

s

s

cins

(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a family

strain

isim

/streɪn/ or /strein/

s

s

s

t

t

t

r

r

r

ai

eɪ

ei

n

n

n

(tür)

şey

a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same species

to excrete

fiil

/ɪksk.rit/ or /iksk.rit/

e

ɪ

i

x

ks

ks

c

k

k

r

r

r

e

i

i

t

t

t

e

(atık maddeleri dışarı atmak)

boşaltmak

to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweat

eukaryote

isim

/ju:.ka.rɪoʊt/ or /yu.ka.riout/

eu

ju:

yu

k

k

k

a

a

a

r

r

r

y

ɪ

i

o

oʊ

ou

t

t

t

e

(çekirdekli hücreli canlı)

ökarot

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

meiosis

isim

/maɪoʊss/ or /maiouss/

m

m

m

eio

aɪoʊ

aiou

s

s

s

i

s

s

s

(mayoz bölünme)

mayoz

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

prophase

isim

/proʊ.feɪz/ or /prou.feiz/

p

p

p

r

r

r

o

ɑ:

a

ph

f

f

a

eɪ

ei

s

z

z

e

(profaz)

profaz

the initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell division

metaphase

isim

/mɛ.tə.feɪz/ or /me.te.feiz/

m

m

m

e

ɛ

e

t

t

t

a

ə

e

ph

f

f

a

eɪ

ei

s

z

z

e

(metafaz aşaması)

metafaz

the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cells

anaphase

isim

/æ.na.feɪz/ or /e.na.feiz/

a

æ

e

n

n

n

a

a

a

ph

f

f

a

eɪ

ei

s

z

z

e

(anofaz)

anafaz

the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers

telophase

isim

/tɛ.lə.feɪz/ or /te.le.feiz/

t

t

t

e

ɛ

e

l

l

l

o

ə

e

ph

f

f

a

eɪ

ei

s

z

z

e

(telofaz evresi)

telofaz

the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome number

to biodegrade

fiil

/baɪoʊ.dɪg.reɪd/ or /baiou.dig.reid/

b

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

aiou

d

d

d

e

ɪ

i

g

g

g

r

r

r

a

eɪ

ei

d

d

d

e

(biyolojik ayrışma)

biyolojik olarak parçalanmak

to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi

biometrics

isim

/baɪoʊ.mɛt.rɪks/ or /baiou.met.riks/

b

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

aiou

m

m

m

e

e

e

t

t

t

r

r

r

i

ɪ

i

c

k

k

s

s

s

(Biyometri)

Biyometrik veriler

a branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observations

microbiology

isim

/maɪk.roʊ.baɪɑ.lə.ʤi/ or /maik.rou.baia.le.ci/

m

m

m

i

aɪ

ai

c

k

k

r

r

r

o

ə

e

b

b

b

io

aɪɑ

aia

l

l

l

o

ə

e

g

ʤ

c

y

i

i

mikrobiyoloji

the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organisms

physiologist

isim

/fɪ.ziɑ.lə.ʤɪst/ or /fi.zia.le.cist/

ph

f

f

y

ɪ

i

s

z

z

io

iɑ

ia

l

l

l

o

ə

e

g

ʤ

c

i

ɪ

i

s

s

s

t

t

t

(fizyoloji uzmanı)

fizyolog

a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels

ecotourism

isim

/ɛ.koʊ.tʊ.rɪ.zəm/ or /e.kou.tu.ri.zem/

e

ɛ

e

c

k

k

o

ə

e

t

t

t

ou

ʊ

u

r

r

r

i

ɪ

i

s

z

z

ə

e

m

m

m

(çevreyi koruma amaçlı turizm)

ekoturizm

tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the nature

mucus

isim

/mju.kəs/ or /myu.kes/

m

m

m

u

ju

yu

c

k

k

u

ə

e

s

s

s

sümük

a thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect them

virion

isim

/vɪ.riən/ or /vi.rien/

v

v

v

i

ɪ

i

r

r

r

io

iə

ie

n

n

n

(virüs parçacığı)

viryon

a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicate

conditioning

isim

/kən.dɪ.ʃə.nɪng/ or /ken.di.şe.ning/

c

k

k

o

ə

e

n

n

n

d

d

d

i

ɪ

i

t

ʃ

ş

io

ə

e

n

n

n

i

ɪ

i

n

n

n

g

g

g

(şartlandırma)

koşullandırma

the process of training or adapting behavior through repeated experiences or stimuli to produce specific responses or associations

anthropogenic

sıfat

/ænθ.rə.pə.ʤɛ.nɪk/ or /ent.re.pe.ce.nik/

a

æ

e

n

n

n

th

θ

t

r

r

r

o

ə

e

p

p

p

o

ə

e

g

ʤ

c

e

ɛ

e

n

n

n

i

ɪ

i

c

k

k

(insana bağlı)

insan kaynaklı

refering to processes, effects, or phenomena that are caused by human activity or influence

motility

isim

/moʊ.tɪ.lɪ.ti/ or /mou.ti.li.ti/

m

m

m

o

oʊ

ou

t

t

t

i

ɪ

i

l

l

l

i

ɪ

i

t

t

t

y

i

i

(motorite)

hareketlilik

the ability of an organism or cell to move independently using specialized structures such as flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia

protist

isim

/prɑ:.tɪst/ or /pra.tist/

p

p

p

r

r

r

o

ɑ:

a

t

t

t

i

ɪ

i

s

s

s

t

t

t

(tek hücreli organizma)

protist

a single-celled organism that is neither a plant, animal, nor fungus, typically found in aquatic or moist environments

homologous

sıfat

/hɑ.mɑ.lə.gəs/ or /ha.ma.le.ges/

h

h

h

o

ɑ

a

m

m

m

o

ɑ

a

l

l

l

o

ə

e

g

g

g

ou

ə

e

s

s

s

türdeş

reflecting a similarity in arrangement, type, or origin, particularly within the same species

bioluminescence

isim

/baɪoʊ.lu.mə.nɛs.əns/ or /baiou.lu.me.nes.ens/

b

b

b

io

aɪoʊ

aiou

l

l

l

u

u:

u

m

m

m

i

ɪ

i

n

n

n

e

ɛ

e

s

s

s

c

e

ə

e

n

n

n

c

s

s

e

(canlı ışığı)

biyolüminesans

the light produced by by living organisms as a result of biochemical reactions, often used for communication, attracting prey, or camouflage

hydroid

isim

/haɪd.rɔɪd/ or /haid.roid/

h

h

h

y

aɪ

ai

d

d

d

r

r

r

oi

ɔɪ

oi

d

d

d

(hidrozoa)

hidroid

a small, plant-like aquatic organism belonging to the class Hydrozoa, often forming branching colonies

mycelium

isim

/maɪ.si:.liəm/ or /mai.si.liem/

m

m

m

y

aɪ

ai

c

s

s

e

i:

i

l

l

l

iu

iə

ie

m

m

m

(miselyum)

mantar miseli

the network of thread-like structures that form the vegetative part of a fungus, typically growing underground or within a substrate

mutualist

sıfat

/mju:.ʧu:ə.lɪst/ or /myu.çue.list/

m

m

m

u

ju:

yu

t

ʧ

ç

u

u:

u

a

ə

e

l

l

l

i

ɪ

i

s

s

s

t

t

t

(muturoluk yapan)

karşılıklı olan

(of an organism) engaging in a symbiotic relationship where both participants benefit from the interaction

commensal

sıfat

/kə.mɛn.səl/ or /ke.men.sel/

c

k

k

o

ə

e

mm

m

m

e

ɛ

e

n

n

n

s

s

s

a

ə

e

l

l

l

(birlikte yaşayan)

komensal

describing a relationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

to assimilate

fiil

/ə.sɪ.mə.leɪt/ or /e.si.me.leit/

a

ə

e

ss

s

s

i

ɪ

i

m

m

m

i

ə

e

l

l

l

a

eɪ

ei

t

t

t

e

(sindirmek)

özümsemek

(of organisms) to absorb and incorporate nutrients or substances from their environment into their own tissues or cells

spore

isim

/spɔr/ or /spor/

s

s

s

p

p

p

o

ɔ

o

r

r

r

e

(üreme hücresi)

spor

a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, often adapted for survival in harsh conditions

biomass

isim

/baɪoʊ.mæs/ or /baiou.mes/

b

b

b

io

aɪə

aie

m

m

m

a

æ

e

ss

s

s

(biyomas)

biyo-kütle

the entirety of living organisms in a specific area or ecosystem, typically measured as dry weight after removing water

taxonomy

isim

/tæk.sɔ.nə.mi/ or /tek.so.ne.mi/

t

t

t

a

æ

e

x

ks

ks

o

ɔ

o

n

n

n

o

ə

e

m

m

m

y

i

i

(sistematizasyon)

taksonomi

the scientific discipline of classifying and naming organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics

petri dish

isim

/pˈɛtɹi dˈɪʃ/

(petri tabağı)

petri dishi

a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a lid, commonly used in laboratories to culture and study microorganisms

agar

isim

/eɪ.gɜr/ or /ei.gır/

a

eɪ

ei

g

g

g

a

ɜ

ı

r

r

r

(jelatin)

agar

a jelly-like substance extracted from algae, commonly used in biological culture media and as a thickening agent in foods

decomposition

isim

/ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən/, /ˌdikəmpoʊˈzɪʃən/

(bozulma)

çürümek

the natural process where bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the ecosystem

substrate

isim

/səbs.treɪt/ or /sebs.treit/

s

s

s

u

ə

e

b

b

b

s

s

s

t

t

t

r

r

r

a

eɪ

ei

t

t

t

e

(zemin)

alt yüzey

the underlying surface or material where an organism attaches, grows, or feeds

ameba

isim

/eɪm.bə/ or /eim.be/

a

eɪ

ei

m

m

m

e

b

b

b

a

ə

e

(amelor)

ameba

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape