(thuốc kháng sinh)
kháng sinh
a drug that is used to destroy bacteria or stop their growth, like Penicillin
An antibiotic is a type of medication used to treat bacterial infections by either killing bacteria or stopping their growth. Antibiotics work by targeting specific bacterial processes or structures essential for their survival, which are different from bacterial processes or structures found in human cells. They are prescribed to fight various bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, respiratory infections like pneumonia, and infections of the ear, throat, or sinuses.
(sự chẩn đoán)
chẩn đoán
the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem
Diagnosis is the process of identifying a disease or condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, and test results. It involves examining signs and symptoms and using various tests, such as blood tests, imaging scans, or physical examinations, to understand what is causing the problem. A correct diagnosis helps doctors decide on the best treatment plan and manage the patient’s health effectively.
(dự đoán bệnh trạng)
tiên lượng
a professional opinion regarding the likely course of an illness
A prognosis is a professional prediction about how a disease or medical condition is likely to progress and what the outcome might be. It is based on a patient’s current health, medical history, and test results. A prognosis helps guess how well a patient might recover, the potential for complications, and the overall future of their health.
(băng)
băng gạc
a piece of cloth that is put around a wound to prevent infections
A bandage is a piece of material, often cloth or gauze, used to wrap around a wound or injured part of the body. Its main purpose is to protect the wound from dirt, bacteria, and more injuries, while also applying gentle pressure to control bleeding and encourage healing. Bandages come in various sizes and types, including stretchy bandages for supporting sprains. Proper application of a bandage is important to make sure it stays in place and provides effective wound care.
(dược học)
dược lý
the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms
Pharmacology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of drugs and their effects on the body. Pharmacologists, experts in this field, investigate how drugs interact with biological systems, including how they are absorbed, distributed, broken down, and removed from the body. They study how drugs work, their therapeutic uses, and potential side effects. Pharmacology plays a crucial role in the development of new medications, understanding drug interactions, and making sure of the safe and effective use of drugs in healthcare.
(dịch huyết)
huyết thanh
the clear, yellowish fluid component of blood that remains after clotting, containing water, electrolytes, antibodies, and various proteins
Serum is the clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. It contains water, electrolytes, antibodies, and various proteins essential for bodily functions, such as albumin and globulin. This fluid is important for transporting nutrients and hormones throughout the body and has a crucial role in immune response, helping to defend against infections and other foreign substances. In clinical settings, serum can be analyzed to evaluate levels of various substances such as electrolytes, hormones, enzymes, and antibodies. This information helps healthcare providers diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney function, hormone imbalances, and autoimmune diseases. Researchers also use serum in studies to understand how diseases work, develop new tests for diagnosing illnesses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.
(mức liều)
liều lượng
a prescribed amount of medicine that is taken regularly
Dosage refers to the amount of medication or treatment prescribed to be taken at one time or over a period of time. It specifies how much of a drug should be taken, how often it should be taken, and for how long. Proper dosage is important to ensure the medication is effective while minimizing the risk of side effects or overdose.
(sinh độc học)
độc chất học
the branch of pharmacology that focuses on the harmful effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on people, animals, and the environment
Toxicology is the branch of science that focuses on the study of poisons, toxins, and their effects on living organisms. Toxicologists, experts in this field, investigate how various substances, including chemicals, drugs, and environmental pollutants, can harm the body. They evaluate how toxic these substances are, study how they work in the body, and develop strategies to prevent and treat poisonings. Toxicology plays a crucial role in public health, environmental protection, and occupational safety by providing valuable information on the risks associated with exposure to harmful substances.
(Hình X-quang)
X-quang
an image of the inside of a body created using X-rays
An X-ray is an image created using a type of radiation that passes through the body to produce pictures of the internal structures. During the X-ray procedure, a small amount of radiation is directed at the area being examined, and a device on the other side captures the radiation that passes through, creating a detailed image. X-rays are commonly used to examine bones, detect fractures, and identify issues in organs or tissues. The images help doctors diagnose conditions, monitor progress, and plan treatments.
(mức độ độc hại)
độc tính
the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment
(chụp cộng hưởng từ)
hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ
a technique in which a powerful magnetic field is used to produce detailed images of areas inside the body
A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. Unlike X-rays, MRI does not use harmful rays or radiation. During the test, the patient lies on a table that slides into a large, tube-shaped machine. The machine creates images of organs, tissues, and structures, allowing doctors to see and evaluate areas such as the brain, spine, and joints. An MRI is often used to diagnose and monitor conditions like injuries, tumors, or diseases of the organs and soft tissues.
(chụp CT)
chụp cắt lớp
a medical examination during which a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body is created by the use of a computer linked to an X-ray machine
A computed tomography scan, or CT scan, is a medical imaging test that uses X-rays to create detailed pictures of the inside of the body. It takes multiple X-ray images from different angles and combines them to produce a clear view of organs, bones, and tissues. CT scans are often used to diagnose and monitor various conditions, such as injuries, tumors, or infections. The test is quick and typically involves lying still on a table while the scanner moves around you.
(học liều lượng)
liều lượng học
the branch of pharmacology focusing on the dosages of medicines and drugs
Posology is the branch of pharmacology, the study of drugs and their effects on the body. Posology deals with the dosages of medicines and how they should be given. Posologists, experts in this field, study how different factors such as age, weight, and medical conditions affect the dosage of medications needed to achieve the desired effect while minimizing the risk of side effects. They provide guidance on the proper dosage, frequency, and how drugs should be taken, making sure that they are safe and effective for patients to use. Posology plays a crucial role in finding the best medication plans and promoting patient safety in healthcare settings.
(y học lão khoa)
lão khoa
the branch of medicine that focuses on the healthcare of elderly people
Geriatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the healthcare of elderly individuals. Geriatricians, medical professionals in this field, specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing health conditions that commonly affect older adults. They deal with a wide range of issues such as chronic diseases, mental issues, mobility problems, and medication management in older patients. Geriatrics emphasizes the importance of considering the unique physical, emotional, and social needs of older adults. Geriatricians work to improve the quality of life and promote healthy aging for elderly individuals.
(ngành y học về giang mai)
syphillogy
the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis
Syphilology is the study of syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilologists, also known as specialists in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), focus on understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis. They conduct research, develop strategies for disease control, and provide education and support to individuals affected by syphilis. Syphilology plays a crucial role in public health by addressing the challenges presented by this complex and historically significant disease.
(chất ức chế hệ thần kinh)
barbiturat
any organic compound derived from barbituric acid that is used as a sedative and greatly reduces the activity of the nervous system
Barbiturates are a type of medication that slows down the central nervous system. They are mainly used to help people sleep, calm anxiety, and sometimes prevent seizures. Barbiturates work by increasing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which has a calming effect on the nervous system. These medications are prescribed by healthcare providers for short-term management of conditions such as insomnia, anxiety disorders, and certain types of epilepsy. However, because of their potential for overdose and addiction, barbiturates are now less commonly prescribed and have been replaced by safer options like benzodiazepines.
(thuốc chẹn giao cảm beta)
thuốc chẹn beta
a medication that reduces heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline
A beta blocker is a type of medication that helps treat various conditions by reducing heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and decreasing the workload on the heart. These medications are commonly prescribed for conditions such as high blood pressure, chest pain, heart failure, and certain heart rhythm disorders. Beta blockers are also used to prevent migraines and manage symptoms of anxiety.
(thuốc placebo)
thuốc giả
a medicine without any physiological effect that is given to a control group in an experiment to measure the effectiveness of a new drug or to patients who think they need medicine when in reality they do not
A placebo is a substance or treatment that resembles a real medical treatment but does not contain any active ingredients. It is often used in medical research and clinical trials to compare against the effects of actual medications or treatments. Placebos are designed to have no therapeutic effect on the patient, allowing researchers to evaluate the true effectiveness of the active treatment being studied. They are typically used in a way that ensures the patient is unaware of whether they are receiving the placebo or the actual treatment, to make sure that the study results are fair and not influenced by expectations or assumptions.
(kim châm)
châm cứu
a method of treatment in which thin needles are inserted in specific spots on the body, originated in China
Acupuncture is a traditional medical practice originating from China that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. It is believed to activate nerves, muscles, and connective tissue, which can enhance natural painkillers and blood flow. Acupuncture is used to ease pain, promote healing, and improve overall well-being. Based on the concept of balancing energy flow through pathways called meridians in the body, it is commonly used to treat conditions such as chronic pain, headaches, and stress. The needles used in acupuncture are very thin and cause minimal discomfort when inserted.
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