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Danh Sách Từ Vựng Trình Độ C2 /

Biology

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Thoát
1-
ribosome
2-
Golgi apparatus
3-
lysosome
4-
mitochondrion
5-
chloroplast
6-
nucleotide
7-
polypeptide
8-
organelle
9-
vacuole
10-
centriole
11-
histone
12-
telomere
13-
phenotype
14-
homeostasis
15-
translation
16-
transcription
17-
replication
18-
codon
19-
symbiosis
20-
ameba
21-
prokaryote
22-
chlorophyll
23-
capsid
24-
eukaryote
25-
ovum
26-
pepsin
27-
adenosine triphosphate
28-
cytoskeleton
ribosome
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Đăng nhập
(ribozom)

(ribozom)

ribosome

a tiny structure within cells that assembles proteins by reading the genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA

example
Ví dụ
Click on words
Ribosomes are the cellular factories responsible for building proteins, essential for various biological functions.
Ribosomes play a fundamental role in cellular activities by producing the diverse proteins required for cell structure and function.
Golgi apparatus
Danh từ
uk flag
/ɡˈɑːlɡi ˌæpɚɹˈæɾəs/
(cơ quan Golgi)

(cơ quan Golgi)

thiết bị Golgi

a cellular organelle involved in the processing, packaging, and distribution of proteins and lipids within the cell, consisting of a stack of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae

Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

Danh Từ Ghép
lysosome
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(tiểu thể phân giải)

(tiểu thể phân giải)

lysosome

a small, enzyme-filled sac in a cell that breaks down waste materials and unwanted substances

mitochondrion
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(mitochondria)

(mitochondria)

ti thể

an organelle that is abundantly present in most cells and is responsible for energy production

chloroplast
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(diệp lạp)

(diệp lạp)

lục lạp

a plant cell organelle that uses sunlight to produce energy and make glucose through photosynthesis

nucleotide
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(nuclêôtit)

(nuclêôtit)

nucleotide

a molecule that forms the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

polypeptide
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(đại phân peptide)

(đại phân peptide)

polypeptide

a linear chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, forming a primary structure of a protein

organelle
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(horganell)

(horganell)

bào quan

a specialized, membrane-bound structure within a cell that performs specific functions, contributing to the cell's overall structure and function

vacuole
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(tế bào chứa)

(tế bào chứa)

vakuole

a cell organelle in plants, fungi, and some protists that stores nutrients, manages waste, and helps maintain cell pressure

centriole
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(cặp trung thể)

(cặp trung thể)

trung thể

a pair of small cylinders near the nucleus in animal cells, organizing cell division by forming the mitotic spindle

histone
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(protein histone)

(protein histone)

histone

a type of protein that plays a structural role in the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes, fundamental units of chromatin

telomere
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(đầu mút nhiễm sắc thể)

(đầu mút nhiễm sắc thể)

telomere

a repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, protecting it from deterioration during replication, and playing a role in cellular aging and cancer development

phenotype
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(biểu hiện sinh học)

(biểu hiện sinh học)

phê năng

the observable physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype (genetic makeup) with the environment

homeostasis
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(sự cân bằng nội môi)

(sự cân bằng nội môi)

điều kiện cân bằng

the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal environment and maintain a stable, balanced condition, despite external changes

translation
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(quá trình dịch)

(quá trình dịch)

dịch mã

the process by which the information encoded in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA is converted into a functional product, typically a protein

transcription
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(quá trình phiên mã)

(quá trình phiên mã)

sự phiên mã

the process by which a segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize a complementary RNA molecule

replication
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(quá trình sao chép di truyền)

(quá trình sao chép di truyền)

sự sao chép DNA

the process by which an organism duplicates its genetic material, particularly the copying of DNA in cell division

codon
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(codon)

(codon)

mã di truyền

a sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or serves as a start or stop signal in the translation process

symbiosis
Danh từ
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aɪoʊ
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(đối sinh)

(đối sinh)

sự cộng sinh

a close and often long-term interaction between two different species living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

ameba
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(a-mi-eba)

(a-mi-eba)

amip

a single-celled, microscopic organism belonging to the group of protozoa, characterized by a flexible cell membrane and the absence of a fixed body shape

Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

Hình thức số nhiều
amebae, amoebae
prokaryote
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(sinh vật đơn bào)

(sinh vật đơn bào)

vi khuẩn

a simple, single-celled organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea

eukaryote
chlorophyll
Danh từ
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k
l
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o
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ph
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(diệp sắc tố)

(diệp sắc tố)

diệp lục

a green pigment found in all green plants and cyanobacteria that is responsible for the absorption of the sunlight needed for the photosynthesis process

capsid
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(màng bọc virus)

(màng bọc virus)

vỏ protein

the protein coat of a virus that encases its genetic material and helps it attach to and enter host cells during infection

eukaryote
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(eukaryote)

(eukaryote)

sinh vật nhân chuẩn

a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganisms

prokaryote
ovum
Danh từ
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(noãn)

(noãn)

trứng

a mature, female reproductive cell or egg, typically larger than a sperm cell, capable of fusing with a sperm cell during fertilization to form a zygote

pepsin
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(men pepsin)

(men pepsin)

pepsin

an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps in the digestion of proteins by breaking them down into smaller peptides

What is "pepsin"?

Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that plays a crucial role in the human body's digestion of proteins. It is produced in the stomach and acts to break down large protein molecules into smaller peptides. Pepsin works optimally in the acidic environment of the stomach, where it helps initiate the process of protein digestion, enabling the body to absorb essential amino acids for various biological functions.

adenosine triphosphate
Danh từ
uk flag
/ˈædənˌɑːsaɪn tɹˈɪfəsfˌeɪt/
(ATP (adenosine triphosphate))

(ATP (adenosine triphosphate))

adenosine triphosphate

a molecule that carries energy within cells, composed of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups

Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

Danh Từ Ghép
cytoskeleton
Danh từ
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( cấu trúc tế bào)

( cấu trúc tế bào)

skeleton tế bào

a network of protein fibers in a cell that gives it shape, supports its structure, and aids in movement

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