
(cá nhân hóa)
vô lý cá nhân
(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

N/A
a part of a larger system or process, with its specific qualities determined by the preceding adjectives

(tư liệu biện luận)
thông tin chứng cứ
a set of facts or information that can be used to win an argument against someone or to criticize them

(cho dù thế nào đi chăng nữa)
dù sao đi nữa
used to introduce a statement that confirms or supports a previous point
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(lời biện minh)
biện hộ
a formal written defense used to justify one's beliefs or opinions
An apologia is a formal written or spoken defense or explanation of one's actions, beliefs, or opinions. It is often used to justify or clarify a position or decision, addressing criticisms or misunderstandings. Unlike a simple apology, which expresses regret for a mistake, an apologia aims to provide a reasoned argument or explanation for one's stance, often to persuade others or to clear up misconceptions.

(khó khăn lý luận)
tình huống mâu thuẫn
a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

(có thể biện luận)
có thể tranh cãi
(of an ideology or opinion) not certain and could be backed up by facts and reasons

(được cho là)
có thể nói rằng
used to convey that a statement can be supported with reasons or evidence
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(chứng minh)
biện luận
to provide reasons when saying something is the case, particularly to persuade others that one is right
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(biện luận)
lập luận
a reason or sets of reasons presented to show the correctness or falsehood of an action or idea

(biện luận)
lập luận
the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

(hay tranh cãi)
cãi cọ
(of a person) ready to argue and often arguing

N/A
something that can be used as a basis for criticism or punishment of someone

N/A
used to introduce a second fact that must be taken into account

N/A
to keep repeating or stressing an idea, argument, etc., especially when it is unnecessary

N/A
to be in a strong position in an argument due to having all the facts

N/A
used for taking the situation or same line of argument one step further

(giành được sự đồng thuận)
thuyết phục
to persuade a group of people to accept one's arguments by winning their support or sympathy
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(trường hợp)
vụ án
a series of facts supporting a theory or an argument

(sự biện hộ lỗi)
sự lý luận tôn giáo
the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

(vòng quanh)
vòng vo
(of an argument or a theory) involving an idea or statement to prove something that is then used to prove the statement itself

(circularity (nó))
tính tuần hoàn
the fact of a theory or an argument continuously returning to the starting point, due to having a conclusion that has been assumed as a premise

(tuyên bố)
khẳng định
to say that something is the case without providing proof for it
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

N/A
a weakness in someone's character or argument that can be used against them
The idiom "chink in one's armor" has historical origins and refers to a small opening or crack in a suit of armor, which could leave a warrior vulnerable to attack. In the context of the idiom, it means a weakness or vulnerability that can be exploited by an opponent or enemy. The usage of the idiom has since expanded beyond its historical context and can now refer to any situation where someone has a weakness or vulnerability that could be exploited or used against them.

(lời tuyên bố)
khẳng định
a statement about the truth of something without offering any verification or proof

(thừa nhận sai lầm)
nhận lỗi
to move to a different opinion or to admit to one's mistakes
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(lời khẳng định)
điểm quyết định
a fact, remark, or action that settles a dispute decisively

(chấp nhận)
thừa nhận
to reluctantly admit that something is true after denying it first
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(phản bác)
bác bỏ
to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(kiên định)
đều đặn
in a way that is always the same
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(tranh luận)
cãi
to argue the truth of something
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(hệ lụy)
hệ quả
a thing that is the direct or natural result of another

(ý kiến)
quan điểm
a point argued or discussed

(biện luận phản đối)
lập luận phản biện
an opposing argument or viewpoint that challenges an idea or theory

(ví dụ phản chứng)
phản ví dụ
an example or a fact that refutes or contradicts a theory, hypothesis, or a proposition

(đáng tin cậy)
tin cậy
able to be believed or relied on

(phòng vệ)
biện hộ
the case that is a combination of collected facts and adopted methods presented by or on the behalf of the accused party so that they would be granted a judgment of acquittal

(biện hộ)
bảo vệ
to support someone or try to justify an action, plan, etc.
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(có thể biện minh)
có thể bảo vệ
having a justifiable basis that can be supported or explained

(phương pháp biện chứng)
biện chứng
a method of uncovering the truth about something by comparing contradicting ideas and considering different theories

(đối thoại biện chứng)
biện chứng
referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

N/A
to make something clear by emphasizing, or providing examples, proof, etc.

(chứng cứ)
bằng chứng
anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

(phá tan)
đè bẹp
to thoroughly defeat someone in an argument, a contest, etc.
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:

(phát triển)
triển khai
to explain or describe something in detail, often in a formal or structured manner

N/A
used to introduce the first point in the series, especially in arguments or when stating one's opinions, reasons, etc.

N/A
used to state the first and foremost of a series of facts, opinions, questions etc., especially in an argument

(cũng thế)
cũng như vậy
used to convey that what one is saying about something is also true for another related thing

(thêm vào đó)
hơn nữa
used to introduce additional information
Thông Tin Ngữ Pháp:
Chúc mừng! !
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