社会问题

affirmative action

名词

/ɐfˈɜːmətˌɪv ˈækʃən/

(肯定性行动)

平权行动

the policy or practice of favoring people that belong to groups known to have been discriminated against formerly, especially by giving them jobs

class struggle

名词

/klˈæs stɹˈʌɡəl/

(阶级冲突)

阶级斗争

the conflict of interests between different social classes in a society, as mentioned in Marxist ideology

deportation

名词

/di.pɔr.teɪ.ʃən/ or /di.pawr.tei.shēn/

d

d

e

i

p

p

o

ɔ

r

r

t

t

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

( deportation)

驱逐出境

the act of forcing someone out of a country, usually because they do not have the legal right to stay there or because they have broken the law

political asylum

名词

/pəlˈɪɾɪkəl ɐsˈaɪləm/

(政治避难)

政治庇护

the protection that a country grants to someone who has fled their home country because of political reasons

asylum seeker

名词

/ɐsˈaɪləm sˈiːkɚ/

(寻求庇护者)

避难者

someone who seeks refuge in another country and wants to live in that country, often because they are in danger

illegal

名词

/ɪ.li.gəl/ or /i.li.gēl/

i

ɪ

ll

l

e

i

g

g

a

ə

l

l

(非法劳工)

非法移民

someone who illegally lives or works in a country

naturalization

名词

/næ.ʧɜ.rə.lə.zeɪ.ʃən/ or /nā.chē.rē.lē.zei.shēn/

n

n

a

æ

t

ʧ

u

ɜ

r

r

a

ə

l

l

i

ə

z

z

a

eɪ

t

ʃ

io

ə

n

n

(入籍)

归化

the act or process of granting a foreigner the citizenship of a country

bigotry

名词

/bɪ.gət.ri/ or /bi.gēt.ri/

b

b

i

ɪ

g

g

o

ə

t

t

r

r

y

i

(偏见)

偏执

the fact of having or expressing strong, irrational views and disliking other people with different views or a different way of life

intolerance

名词

/ɪn.tɑ.lɜ.rəns/ or /in.taa.lē.rēns/

i

ɪ

n

n

t

t

o

ɑ

l

l

e

ɜ

r

r

a

ə

n

n

c

s

e

(偏狭)

不容忍

the state of being reluctant to accept ideas, thoughts, or behaviors that differ from one's own

unrest

名词

/ʌn.rɛst/ or /an.rest/

u

ə

n

n

r

r

e

ɛ

s

s

t

t

(骚乱)

动荡

a political situation in which there is anger among the people and protests are likely

uprising

名词

/ʌp.raɪ.zɪng/ or /ap.rai.zing/

u

ə

p

p

r

r

i

aɪ

s

z

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(暴动)

起义

a situation in which people join together to fight against those in power

subsistence

名词

/səb.sɪs.təns/ or /sēb.sis.tēns/

s

s

u

ə

b

b

s

s

i

ɪ

s

s

t

t

e

ə

n

n

c

s

e

(维持生计)

生存

a situation in which one has just enough money or food to survive

refuge

名词

/rɛ.fjuʤ/ or /re.fyooj/

r

r

e

ɛ

f

f

u

ju

g

ʤ

e

(庇护所)

避难所

protection or shelter from something dangerous or troublesome

poverty-stricken

形容词

/pˈɑːvɚɾistɹˈɪkən/

(困窘的)

贫困的

suffering from extreme deprivation

to impoverish

动词

/ɪm.pɑv.rɪʃ/ or /im.paav.rish/

i

ɪ

m

m

p

p

o

ɑ

v

v

e

r

r

i

ɪ

sh

ʃ

(使贫乏)

使贫困

to take away a person or a country's riches to the point of poverty

modern slavery

名词

/ˈmɑdɚn ˈsleɪvəri/

(现代奴役)

现代奴隶制

a situation in which people are forced work against their will through threats or violence that prevents them from escaping

trafficking

名词

/træ.fɪ.kɪng/ or /trā.fi.king/

t

t

r

r

a

æ

ff

f

i

ɪ

ck

k

i

ɪ

n

n

g

g

(非法交易)

贩运

the buying and selling of goods illegally

passive smoking

名词

/pˈæsɪv smˈoʊkɪŋ/

(二手烟吸入)

被动吸烟

the act of inhaling smoke from another person's cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, especially involuntarily

homophobia

名词

/hoʊ.moʊ.foʊ.biə/ or /hooo.mooo.fooo.biē/

h

h

o

oʊ

m

m

o

ə

ph

f

o

oʊ

b

b

ia

iə

(对同性恋的偏见)

恐同症

hatred, antipathy, or prejudice toward homosexuals

hard drug

名词

/hˈɑːɹd dɹˈʌɡ/

(麻醉品)

毒品

a powerful, addictive, and illegal drug that some people take for pleasure

soft drug

名词

/sˈɔft dɹˈʌɡ/

(轻度毒品)

软性毒品

a recreational drug that is not considered very harmful and gives some people a sense of pleasure

displacement

名词

/dɪs.pleɪs.mənt/ or /dis.pleis.mēnt/

d

d

i

ɪ

s

s

p

p

l

l

a

eɪ

c

s

e

m

m

e

ə

n

n

t

t

(迁移)

流离失所

expulsion of people from their homes, typically caused by war, persecution, or natural catastrophe