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GRE必备词汇 /

关于文学的一切

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novella
2-
epic
3-
chronicle
4-
ode
5-
parody
6-
fable
7-
parable
8-
haiku
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epigram
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saga
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epigraph
12-
limerick
13-
lyricism
14-
prose
15-
oeuvre
16-
motif
17-
characterization
18-
antagonist
19-
protagonist
20-
to abridge
21-
to depict
22-
addendum
23-
foreword
24-
afterword
25-
stanza
26-
verse
27-
sonnet
28-
gripping
29-
concise
30-
canonical
31-
flowery
32-
mannered
33-
raunchy
34-
highbrow
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sequel
36-
codex
37-
ghostwriter
38-
humorist
39-
tragedian
40-
man of letters
41-
satirist
novella
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中篇小说

中篇小说

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/noʊˈvɛɫə/
名词

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

synonymnovelette
example
示例
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The novella was praised for its concise storytelling and rich character development.
The author released a novella that explored themes of love and loss.
Her latest work is a novella that blends mystery with romance.
What is a "novella"?

A novella is a work of fiction that is longer than a short story but shorter than a novel. Typically ranging from about 20,000 to 50,000 words, a novella provides enough space to develop more complex plots and characters than a short story, but with a more focused narrative than a full-length novel. It often explores a single theme or event in depth, offering a complete and satisfying story within a more compact format. Novellas are valued for their ability to deliver a rich narrative experience without the extensive length of a novel.

epic
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(叙事诗)

(叙事诗)

史诗

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/ˈɛpɪk/
名词

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

synonymepic poem
synonymepos
synonymheroic poem
example
示例
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The film adaptation captured the grandeur of the medieval epic.
The Iliad is one of the greatest epics of ancient Greek literature.
Beowulf is a classic epic that tells the story of its titular hero's battles.
What is an "epic"?

An epic is a lengthy narrative poem that recounts the adventures and heroic deeds of a central character, often of great significance or stature, such as a hero or a demigod. Epics typically explore grand themes like bravery, honor, and the struggles between good and evil, set against a backdrop of significant historical or mythological events. This form often features elevated language and a formal style, employing devices such as repetition and meter to enhance its grandeur.

chronicle
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(年鉴)

(年鉴)

编年史

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/ˈkɹɑnɪkəɫ/
名词

a historical account of events presented in chronological order

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The chronicle covered the major battles of the Civil War in sequence.
The museum displayed a chronicle of the town’s history in its latest exhibit.
The historian wrote a detailed chronicle of the medieval period.
What is a "chronicle"?

A chronicle is a detailed and factual account of events, often presented in chronological order. It records significant occurrences and developments over a period of time, providing a historical record of what happened. Chronicles can cover various topics, such as historical events, personal experiences, or the evolution of a particular subject. They are often used to document and preserve information for future reference and understanding.

ode
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颂歌

颂歌

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/ˈoʊd/
名词

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

example
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The ancient Greeks often composed odes to their gods and heroes.
The poet wrote an ode to celebrate the beauty of nature.
She composed an ode honoring her beloved mentor.
What is an "ode"?

An ode is a formal and often elaborate lyrical poem that expresses deep feelings or thoughts about a particular subject, usually of significant importance, such as nature, beauty, love, or a person. Odes typically follow a specific structure and can vary in length, often featuring a serious tone and elevated language. This form allows poets to explore their emotions and reflections in a rich and expressive way. The use of vivid imagery and rhetorical devices in odes helps to convey the intensity of the poet's feelings, inviting readers to share in their admiration or contemplation of the chosen subject.

parody
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讽刺作品

讽刺作品

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/ˈpɛɹədi/
名词

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

synonymburlesque
synonymlampoon
synonymmockery
synonympasquinade
synonymput-on
synonymsend-up
example
示例
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The artist's latest piece is a parody of a famous painting, adding modern elements and humorous details to the original work.
The film was a parody of superhero movies, poking fun at the genre's clichés and over-the-top action scenes.
The theater troupe performed a parody of a well-known Shakespeare play, adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue.
What is a "parody"?

A parody is a type of creative work that humorously imitates or exaggerates another work, often to make fun of it or comment on its style and content. In writing, music, or other forms of art, a parody takes the original piece and mimics its characteristics in a way that highlights its absurdities or shortcomings. The intention is usually to entertain or provoke thought by drawing attention to the original work's traits in a playful or critical manner. Parodies often use satire and exaggeration to achieve their effect.

fable
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(道德故事)

(道德故事)

寓言

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/ˈfeɪbəɫ/
名词

a short story on morality with animal characters

synonymallegory
synonymapologue
synonymparable
example
示例
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Fables have been passed down through generations as a way to impart wisdom and teach moral values through storytelling.
Children often learn valuable life lessons from fables featuring talking animals, such as "The Ant and the Grasshopper."
What is a "fable"?

A fable is a short story that conveys a moral lesson or practical advice, often using animals as characters with human traits. These stories are designed to teach values or principles through simple, memorable narratives. The characters in a fable usually represent different qualities or behaviors, and their actions lead to a clear, instructive outcome. Fables aim to provide insights into human nature and ethical conduct in an engaging and easily understandable way.

parable
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(比喻)

(比喻)

寓言

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/ˈpɛɹəbəɫ/
名词

a brief symbolic story that is told to send a moral or religious message

synonymallegory
synonymapologue
synonymfable
example
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The ancient parable of the tortoise and the hare teaches the importance of perseverance and humility over arrogance and haste.
In the Bible, Jesus often used parables to convey moral and spiritual teachings to his followers in a way that was easy to understand and remember.

语法信息:

haiku
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俳句

俳句

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/ˈhaɪku/
名词

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

example
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His haiku captured the essence of a serene winter morning.
The poetry club held a competition for the best haiku.
Students learned to compose a haiku during their literature class.
What is a "haiku"?

A haiku is a traditional form of Japanese poetry that consists of three lines with a specific syllable pattern: five syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five in the third. Haikus often focus on nature, seasonal changes, or fleeting moments, capturing a deep emotion or insight in a concise manner. This form emphasizes simplicity and clarity, using vivid imagery and minimal language to evoke feelings and provoke thought. Haikus invite readers to pause and reflect on the beauty of the world, making them a popular choice for poets seeking to express profound ideas in a compact structure.

epigram
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警句

警句

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/ˈɛpəˌɡɹæm/
名词

a short poem or phrase that expresses a single thought satirically, often ending in a clever or humorous way

What is an "epigram"?

An epigram is a brief, witty poem or statement that often conveys a clever or satirical observation. Typically just a few lines long, epigrams are known for their sharpness and concise expression of thought, often using irony or wordplay to deliver a memorable message. This form can address a wide range of topics, including love, philosophy, and social commentary, making it both engaging and thought-provoking.

saga
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(史诗)

(史诗)

传奇

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/ˈsɑɡə/
名词

a long story of heroic actions and bravery in old Norse or Icelandic in the Middle Ages, or a modern narrative resembling such a narrative

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The epic saga captivated readers with its tales of valor and conquest.
The Viking saga detailed the explorers' adventures across the seas.
The ancient saga of Beowulf recounts the hero's battles with formidable monsters.
epigraph
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(引文)

(引文)

的题词

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/ˈɛpɪɡɹˌæf/
名词

a short quotation or phrase that is written at the beginning of a book or any chapter of it, suggesting the theme

example
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The poet included an epigraph at the beginning of each section of the collection, drawing inspiration from diverse sources to enrich the reader's experience.
In the film, the director chose an epigraph from a classic work of literature to introduce the central theme and motifs that would unfold throughout the narrative.
The epigraph provided a thought-provoking entry point into the text, inviting readers to contemplate its meaning and relevance before delving into the story.
What is an "epigraph"?

An epigraph is a short quotation or phrase that appears at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other literary work. It is used to set the tone, provide insight, or offer context for the content that follows. Epigraphs are often selected to reflect the themes or key ideas of the work and are usually attributed to another author or source, such as a poem, literary work, or historical figure.

limerick
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(幽默诗)

(幽默诗)

五行打油诗

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/ˈɫɪmɝɪk/
名词

a humorous poem of five anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme of AABBA

example
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Her limerick about a cat and a hat won first place in the competition.
She wrote a clever limerick for the poetry contest.
He entertained the guests with a witty limerick at the party.
What is a "limerick"?

A limerick is a humorous, five-line poem with a specific rhythm and rhyme scheme, typically AABBA. The first, second, and fifth lines usually have three metrical feet, while the third and fourth lines have two metrical feet. Limericks are known for their playful and often whimsical nature, often featuring clever wordplay, puns, or absurd situations. This form is characterized by its lighthearted tone, making it popular for children's poetry and comedic writing. The structured format and rhythmic quality contribute to the limerick's charm, allowing poets to create engaging and memorable verses.

lyricism
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(歌词性)

(歌词性)

抒情性

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/ˈɫɪɹɪˌsɪzəm/
名词

the creative and imaginative expression of powerful feelings in art, poetry, music, etc.

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The novel's lyricism captured the beauty and pain of love.
The poet's lyricism brought a deep emotional resonance to her verses.
The artist's lyricism in painting evokes strong feelings of nostalgia.
prose
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散文

散文

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/ˈpɹoʊz/
名词

spoken or written language in its usual form, in contrast to poetry

example
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In the world of literature, prose encompasses novels, short stories, essays, and plays, among other forms of written expression.
While poetry often relies on rhyme and meter, prose allows for more freedom in sentence structure and narrative flow.
The author's mastery of prose evoked vivid imagery and emotional resonance, immersing readers in the world of her storytelling.
oeuvre
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(整体作品)

(整体作品)

作品

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/ˈɝv/, /ˈuvɹə/
名词

the collection of artistic or literary works produced by a particular painter, author, etc.

synonymbody of work
synonymwork
example
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The museum's retrospective showcased the entire oeuvre of the renowned painter, highlighting his evolution over four decades.
The composer's oeuvre is celebrated for its innovative use of harmony and rhythm, influencing generations of musicians.
As a scholar of literature, she dedicated her career to studying the oeuvre of Jane Austen, uncovering new insights into her timeless novels.
What is an "oeuvre"?

An oeuvre refers to the complete works created by an artist, writer, or composer over their lifetime. This includes all the important works produced by a creator, showing the range and development of their artistic vision and skills. An oeuvre is often used to evaluate and appreciate all of an individual's creative work, attracting attention to their achievements and influence in their field.

motif
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(动机)

(动机)

主题

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/moʊˈtif/
名词

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

synonymtheme
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The recurring motif of darkness and light in the novel underscores the contrast between good and evil, as well as the protagonist's internal struggles.
What is a "motif"?

A motif is a recurring element, such as a symbol, idea, or theme, that appears throughout a literary work and contributes to its overall meaning or message. It is used to develop and reinforce the main themes or ideas by repeating certain elements in different contexts. For example, a motif like a recurring image of a broken mirror in a novel might symbolize characters' fractured identities or perceptions. Motifs help create a sense of unity and depth within a story by connecting various parts and highlighting important concepts.

characterization
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(描述)

(描述)

人物刻画

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/ˌkɛɹəktɝɪˈzeɪʃən/
名词

the way in which characters in a movie, book, etc. are created and represented by a writer

What is "characterization"?

Characterization is the process by which an author develops and reveals a character's personality, traits, and motivations in a story. This can be done through direct description, dialogue, actions, thoughts, and interactions with other characters. Characterization helps the audience understand the character's role in the plot and their relationships with others, making them feel more real and relatable. It is essential for building complex, engaging characters and shaping the overall narrative.

antagonist
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(反派)

(反派)

对立角色

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/ænˈtæɡənəst/
名词

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

synonymadversary
synonymopponent
synonymopposer
synonymresister
antonymagonist
example
示例
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Throughout the story, the protagonist's struggle against the antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit.
The antagonist's motivations were complex, driven by a deep-seated desire for power and revenge against the protagonist.
In the movie, the antagonist's nefarious schemes posed a formidable threat to the hero, driving the conflict and propelling the plot forward.
Who is an "antagonist"?

An antagonist is a character or force in a story that opposes or creates conflict for the protagonist, who is the main character or hero. The antagonist's role is to challenge the protagonist's goals and drive the plot forward by introducing obstacles or opposition. This conflict often helps to reveal the protagonist’s traits and motivations, and can include characters, societal forces, or internal struggles. The antagonist is essential for creating tension and drama in the narrative.

antagonist
protagonist
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(主要角色)

(主要角色)

主角

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/pɹoʊˈtæɡənəst/
名词

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

synonymagonist
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The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure.
As the story unfolds, the protagonist undergoes a transformative journey, evolving from a reluctant hero into a symbol of hope and resilience.
The protagonist's quest for redemption and forgiveness forms the emotional core of the narrative, resonating with audiences on a deeply human level.
Who is the "protagonist"?

The protagonist is the main character in a story, play, or film who drives the plot forward and faces the central conflict. This character is typically the one the audience or readers are meant to root for or empathize with, and their actions, decisions, and growth are central to the narrative. The protagonist often has clear goals or desires and must overcome various challenges or obstacles throughout the story.

protagonist
to abridge
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(简化)

(简化)

缩短

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/əˈbɹɪdʒ/
名词

to make a book, play, etc. short by omitting the details and including the main parts

synonymabbreviate
synonymcontract
synonymcut
synonymforeshorten
synonymreduce
synonymshorten
antonymelaborate
example
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The film adaptation abridged the novel, leaving out some subplots.
The team was abridging the manuscript when the deadline was moved up.
They will abridge the report to present only the key findings.
to abridge
to depict
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(描述)

(描述)

描绘

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/dɪˈpɪkt/
名词

to describe a specific subject, scene, person, etc.

synonymdescribe
synonymdraw
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The artist’s work often depicts scenes from daily life in a vibrant style.
The novel vividly depicts the struggles of a young immigrant family.
The novel has depicted the protagonist's journey from childhood to adulthood.

语法信息:

及物动词
to depict
addendum
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(补遗)

(补遗)

附录

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/əˈdɛndəm/
名词

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

synonympostscript
synonymsupplement
example
示例
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The manuscript’s addendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters.
The author added an addendum to address recent developments since the original publication.
A detailed glossary was included as an addendum to the academic textbook.
What is an "addendum"?

An addendum is an additional section added to a book, document, or report that provides extra information, updates, or corrections after the main content has been completed. It is used to include important details that were not included in the original text or to address any changes that have occurred since the original publication. Addenda help ensure that the information remains accurate and up-to-date.

foreword
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(序言)

(序言)

前言

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/ˈfɔɹˌwɝd/
名词

a short introductory section at the beginning of a book, usually written by someone other than the author

synonympreface
synonymprolusion
example
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The foreword provided insights into the author's inspiration for the novel.
The book's foreword was written by a renowned scholar in the field.
She read the foreword to get an overview of the book's background.
What is a "foreword"?

A foreword is an introductory section at the beginning of a book, written by someone other than the author. It typically provides context for the book, such as its background, significance, or relevance. The foreword often includes personal reflections or endorsements from the writer, who may explain why the book is important or offer insights into its creation. It helps to set the stage for the main content and can add credibility or context to the book.

afterword
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(尾声)

(尾声)

后记

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/ˈæftɚwˌɜːd/
名词

a part at the end of a book including some final words that may not be written by the author

example
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The afterword offered insights from the editor about the book's impact.
The afterword included a brief history of the book's publication journey.
In the afterword, a noted critic shared their reflections on the novel.
What is an "afterword"?

An afterword is a concluding section in a book, written by the author or another contributor, that appears at the end of the main content. It provides additional reflections, insights, or commentary related to the book. An afterword may discuss the book's creation, offer updates on the subject matter, or provide context for the reader. It serves to offer final thoughts and sometimes address the impact or future directions related to the work.

语法信息:

stanza
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(诗节)

(诗节)

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/ˈstænzə/
名词

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

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The first stanza set the mood for the rest of the poem.
She analyzed the stanza to understand its symbolic meaning.
The poet wrote a lengthy stanza to elaborate on the central idea.
What is a "stanza"?

A stanza is a grouped set of lines in a poem, often separated from other stanzas by a blank line. Stanzas function similarly to paragraphs in prose, organizing thoughts and ideas into distinct sections. They can vary in length, structure, and rhyme scheme, allowing poets to create different effects and rhythms within their work. The arrangement of stanzas contributes to the overall flow and visual presentation of a poem, helping to guide the reader's experience and enhance the thematic elements of the piece.

verse
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(韵文)

(韵文)

诗句

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/ˈvɝs/
名词

a set of words that usually have a rhythmic pattern

synonymrhyme
example
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The poem's first verse set the tone for the rest of the piece.
The beauty of verse lies in its ability to transcend language barriers, resonating with readers across cultures and generations.
Memorizing a favorite verse can provide comfort during difficult times, serving as a source of inspiration and strength.
What is a "verse"?

A verse is a set of words arranged in a rhythmic pattern, often featuring meter and rhyme, commonly found in poetry and song lyrics. This structured arrangement creates a musical quality and can enhance the emotional impact and expressiveness of the language. Verses are typically divided into lines and stanzas, with each line contributing to the overall rhythm and flow of the piece. By using verse, poets and songwriters can convey complex ideas and emotions in a memorable and aesthetically pleasing way.

sonnet
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十四行诗

十四行诗

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/ˈsɑnɪt/
名词

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

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His original sonnet explored themes of love and nature in elegant verse.
The poet recited a classic sonnet by Shakespeare during the literary evening.
She wrote a sonnet for her literature class, following the traditional 14-line structure.
Who is a "sonnet"?

A sonnet is a structured form of poetry that consists of fourteen lines, typically written in iambic pentameter. Sonnets often explore themes of love, beauty, time, or nature, and they usually include a volta, or turn, which introduces a shift in perspective or argument. This form allows poets to convey complex emotions and ideas within a tight structure, making it a popular choice throughout literary history. The rhyme scheme and meter contribute to the musical quality of the poem, enhancing its expressive power.

gripping
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(扣人心弦)

(扣人心弦)

引人入胜

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/ˈɡɹɪpɪŋ/
名词

exciting and intriguing in a way that attracts someone's attention

synonymabsorbing
synonymengrossing
synonymfascinating
synonymriveting
example
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The gripping novel kept me on the edge of my seat, unable to put it down until I reached the last page.
concise
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(明了)

(明了)

简洁

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/kənˈsaɪs/
名词

giving a lot of information briefly and clearly

antonymprolix
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The editor appreciated the author's concise writing style.
She gave a concise summary of the meeting's key points.
A concise email can often be more effective than a lengthy one.
concise
canonical
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(规范的)

(规范的)

经典的

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/kəˈnɑnəkəɫ/
名词

(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon

flowery
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(华丽的)

(华丽的)

花俏的

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/ˈfɫaʊɝi/
名词

(of writing or speech) full of literary or complicated words and phrases

synonymornate
mannered
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(矫揉造作的)

(矫揉造作的)

做作的

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/ˈmænɝd/
名词

behaving in an artificial way that is too formal, trying to impress others

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She found his mannered behavior at the party to be quite pretentious.
The diplomat's mannered politeness felt overly formal and insincere.
The actress's mannered gestures during the interview were off-putting.
raunchy
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(粗俗的)

(粗俗的)

猥亵的

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/ˈɹɔntʃi/
名词

sexually explicit or morally obscene

synonymlewd
synonymobscene
synonymsalacious
example
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The raunchy lyrics of the song sparked controversy among parents and critics.
The movie was criticized for its raunchy scenes and explicit content.
The novel’s raunchy language made it unsuitable for younger readers.
highbrow
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(文化水平高的)

(文化水平高的)

高雅的

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/ˈhaɪˌbɹaʊ/
名词

scholarly and highly interested in cultural or artistic matters

synonymhighbrowed
sequel
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(后续)

(后续)

续集

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/ˈsikwəɫ/
名词

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

synonymcontinuation
example
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The sequel exceeded expectations, introducing new twists and revelations that kept audiences on the edge of their seats.
After the success of the first play, the theater announced plans for a sequel to further explore the characters and their relationships.
Fans eagerly lined up to see the sequel to their favorite movie on opening night.
What is a "sequel"?

A sequel is a work of fiction, such as a film, book, or TV show, that continues the story from an earlier work. It starts where the previous story ended, following the same characters and exploring new events or developments. Sequels aim to build on the original narrative, often expanding the plot, deepening character relationships, and providing new challenges or adventures.

sequel
codex
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(手稿)

(手稿)

法典

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/kˈoʊdɛks/
名词

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

synonymleaf-book
example
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The codex was carefully preserved in a climate-controlled vault to prevent further deterioration of its delicate parchment pages.
The museum's prized exhibit is an illuminated codex from the medieval period, featuring intricately detailed illustrations and calligraphy.
During the excavation, archaeologists discovered a codex buried in the ruins, offering a rare glimpse into the daily life of the ancient society.
What is a "codex"?

A codex is an ancient book or manuscript made from bound pages, often handwritten. Unlike scrolls, which are rolled up, a codex consists of pages stacked and held together along one side, similar to modern books. Codices were used in various cultures, including the Romans and early Christians, for recording texts, documents, and religious writings. They are valuable for historical and scholarly research due to their role in the development of written communication.

ghostwriter
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(幽灵作家)

(幽灵作家)

代笔作家

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/ɡˈoʊstɹaɪɾɚ/
名词

an author whose work is published under someone else's name

synonymghost
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The ghostwriter received credit in the acknowledgments section of the book.
The celebrity hired a ghostwriter to pen their memoirs.
The politician employed a ghostwriter to craft their speeches and books.
Who is a "ghostwriter"?

A ghostwriter is a professional writer hired to produce content on behalf of someone else, who is often credited as the author. Ghostwriters work behind the scenes to craft books, articles, speeches, or other written materials according to the client's ideas, voice, and instructions. Although the ghostwriter does the actual writing, the final work is published under the client's name. This arrangement is common for autobiographies, memoirs, and works where the credited author may lack the time or writing skills to produce the text themselves.

humorist
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(喜剧演员)

(喜剧演员)

幽默家

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/ˈhjumɝəst/, /ˈhjumɝɪst/
名词

someone who is known for writing or telling humorous stories or jokes about real people and events

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The humorist used exaggerated scenarios to poke fun at modern technology.
She admired the humorist for his ability to find comedy in the mundane.
Many consider her a brilliant humorist due to her insightful and funny take on cultural trends.
tragedian
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(悲剧剧作家)

(悲剧剧作家)

悲剧作家

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/tɹædʒˈiːdiən/
名词

a playwright who writes tragedies

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His reputation as a tragedian was solidified with the success of his latest dark drama.
The theater company staged a play by the famous Elizabethan tragedian.
She aspired to become a tragedian and wrote several plays about human suffering.
Who is a "tragedian"?

A tragedian is a playwright who specializes in writing tragedies, which are serious and often sorrowful plays that explore themes of human suffering and complex emotions. They create dramatic works that focus on profound conflicts and moral dilemmas, aiming to evoke deep emotional responses from the audience. The tragedian crafts stories where characters face significant challenges and experience intense emotional journeys, often leading to a serious or sorrowful outcome.

man of letters
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(作家)

(作家)

文人

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/mˈæn ʌv lˈɛɾɚz/
名词

a male literary author or scholar

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The renowned poet was considered a true man of letters in his time.
The literary magazine featured an interview with a prominent man of letters.
The lecture was delivered by a distinguished man of letters from Oxford.
Who is a "man of letters"?

A man of letters refers to a person, usually a writer or scholar, who is deeply engaged in literary pursuits. This individual is typically known for their contributions to literature, criticism, and scholarly writing. They often have a strong background in literature and are recognized for their intellectual and artistic achievements in writing, including novels, essays, poetry, or critical studies. The term conveys a sense of distinction and respect for their literary and scholarly work.

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man of letters
satirist
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讽刺作家

讽刺作家

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/ˈsætɝəst/
名词

a person who writes or uses satires in order to criticize or humor someone or something

synonymironist
synonymridiculer
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The satirist's play received acclaim for its incisive take on political corruption.
The satirist's new book pokes fun at modern social media trends.
The satirist's latest column humorously critiqued political leaders.
Who is a "satirist"?

A satirist is a writer or creator who uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize and mock people, institutions, or societal issues. Satirists aim to expose flaws, absurdities, or injustices in a way that is entertaining but also thought-provoking. Their work often seeks to provoke change or reflection by highlighting the shortcomings and contradictions in their subjects.

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