(支撑)
扶壁
a protruding structure that supports a building or wall and is made out of bricks or stones
A buttress is an architectural feature designed to provide support and stability to a wall or structure. Typically made of stone or brick, a buttress extends from the wall and often has a sloping design that helps distribute the weight and counteract the forces exerted on the structure, especially in tall buildings like cathedrals. Buttresses are commonly seen in Gothic architecture, where they are used to support the weight of high ceilings and large windows. There are different types of buttresses, including flying buttresses, which extend away from the building and are connected by an arch, allowing for more open space and larger windows. Buttresses not only serve a structural purpose but can also add an aesthetic element to the design of a building.
(三角楣)
门楣拱顶
the semi-circular or triangular space enclosed by the lintel and arch above a doorway, often decorated with sculptural reliefs or intricate designs
A tympanum is an architectural term that refers to the semicircular or triangular space above a door or window, often filled with decorative elements such as sculptures, carvings, or reliefs. Typically found in classical and Gothic architecture, the tympanum serves both a structural and artistic purpose, providing support for the arch or beam above while also showcasing artistic motifs that convey religious or cultural themes. In many churches and cathedrals, tympana often depict scenes from the Bible, figures of saints, or symbolic imagery, enhancing the overall visual impact of the entrance and inviting reflection on the meaning of the artwork.
(堡垒)
方堡
a fortified structure extending from a wall, typically angled, for defensive purposes
A bastion is a projecting part of a fortification, typically a fortified structure or wall, designed to provide a defensive position for soldiers. It extends outward from the main walls of a castle or fort, allowing defenders to cover a larger area and fire upon attackers from multiple angles. The shape of a bastion is usually angular, which helps deflect incoming projectiles. Bastions often feature openings for cannons or other weapons, enhancing their defensive capabilities. This architectural element is commonly found in military structures from the Renaissance and early modern periods, where it played a crucial role in the defense strategy of fortifications, allowing for greater visibility and protection for defenders.
(堡垒)
城堡
a fortified stronghold, often situated in a commanding location for defense purposes
A citadel is a fortified structure or stronghold that serves as a center of defense for a city or town. Typically located on elevated ground, a citadel is designed to provide a secure place for residents and military personnel during attacks or sieges. It often includes thick walls, towers, and other defensive features that help protect against invaders. In addition to its military function, a citadel may also serve as a place of governance, housing important officials and serving as a symbol of authority. Citadels are commonly found in historical cities, reflecting the need for security and protection in earlier times. Their imposing structures often dominate the skyline, representing strength and resilience.
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