单元 1 - 1C

Volleyball is a team sport played between two teams, typically of six players each, on a rectangular court divided by a net. The objective is to score points by sending the ball over the net and into the opponent's side of the court, while preventing the opposing team from returning the ball. Players use their hands to hit the ball, and each team is allowed three touches before the ball must be sent over the net. The game is played in sets, and the team that wins the most sets wins the match. Volleyball is known for its fast-paced action, teamwork, and skillful play.

Basketball is a team sport played between two teams of five players each, on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end. The objective is to score points by shooting a ball through the opponent's hoop, which is typically suspended 10 feet above the ground. Players can move the ball by dribbling or passing it to teammates, and they must work together to defend their hoop while trying to score. The game is played in four quarters, and the team with the most points at the end wins. Basketball is known for its fast pace, athleticism, and teamwork, and is played professionally in leagues like the NBA.

Judo is a Japanese martial art that focuses on throws, joint locks, and pins to defeat an opponent. It was developed to use an opponent’s force and balance against them, emphasizing technique over strength. In judo, competitors engage in one-on-one matches where the goal is to throw the opponent onto the mat, pin them for a certain amount of time, or apply a joint lock or choke. Judo also stresses the importance of respect, discipline, and self-control. The martial art is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and as an Olympic sport.

An art gallery is a place where artworks are displayed for people to view and appreciate. It can be a private business or a public institution that displays a variety of art forms, such as paintings, sculptures, photographs, and other visual art. Art galleries often organize exhibitions, which are special displays of artworks around a theme, artist, or period. They may also sell artworks, representing artists and helping them access potential buyers. Art galleries provide a space for artists to present their work to the public, and for art lovers to explore and enjoy different artistic styles and creations.

Skateboarding is a sport or recreational activity where individuals ride and perform tricks on a skateboard, which consists of a flat wooden board mounted on four wheels. Skaters use their feet to push, steer, and perform jumps, spins, and slides on various surfaces, including streets, ramps, and skate parks. The sport includes several styles, such as street skating, where skaters navigate obstacles like stairs and rails, and vert skating, which involves performing tricks on half-pipes or ramps. Skateboarding requires balance, coordination, and creativity, and it is popular both as a form of transportation and a competitive sport.

A card is one of the 52 individual pieces in a standard deck of playing cards. Each card has two main features: a suit and a rank. The four suits are hearts, diamonds, clubs, and spades, and each suit has 13 ranks, including numbers 2 through 10, along with a jack, queen, king, and ace. Cards are used in a variety of card games, with each game having different rules for how the cards are played and valued. Depending on the game, a card’s rank and its suit determine how it interacts with other cards during play.

Diving is a sport or activity where a person jumps or falls into water, often from a platform or springboard, sometimes performing acrobatic movements before entering the water. It can be done recreationally, such as jumping into a pool for fun, or competitively, where divers are judged on their technique, form, and the complexity of their dives. Diving requires control, precision, and awareness of body movements to ensure a smooth entry into the water. Competitive diving is often performed from various heights, with different types of dives that challenge both skill and creativity.

A concert is a live performance of music, typically held in a venue such as a theater, auditorium, or outdoor space. During a concert, musicians or bands perform a set of songs or pieces in front of an audience. Concerts can range from small, intimate gatherings to large-scale events featuring well-known artists. The experience often includes not only the performance of music but also visual and atmospheric elements that enhance the overall enjoyment of the event.

A gig is a live performance or show by a musician, comedian, or other entertainer. It can range from a small, informal event to a larger, more organized performance. Gigs are typically held at venues such as clubs, theaters, concert halls, or outdoor spaces and they provide an opportunity for performers to present their work directly to an audience and gain exposure.

Mountain biking is a type of cycling that involves riding specially designed bikes on rough, uneven terrain, such as hills, trails, and forests. It requires skill in handling obstacles like rocks, roots, and steep slopes. Mountain bikers use bikes with sturdy frames, wide tires with deep treads, and strong suspension systems to absorb shocks from bumpy surfaces. The sport can be done in various styles, including cross-country, downhill, and enduro, each with its own challenges and terrain types. Riders need to be physically fit and have good control over their bikes to navigate the demanding environments.

A gymnasium is a large indoor facility used for physical activities and sports, such as basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics. It typically features a hard floor or specialized surface, and may include equipment like basketball hoops, volleyball nets, and gymnastic apparatus. Gymnasiums are commonly found in schools, universities, and fitness centers, serving as a space for physical education classes, sports practices, and recreational activities. Some gymnasiums also host events, such as competitions, performances, and community gatherings.

Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a fast-paced sport played on a rectangular table with a net across the middle. Players use small paddles to hit a lightweight ball back and forth over the net. The goal is to score points by making the ball land in the opponent's side of the table in such a way that they cannot return it. Points are earned when the opponent fails to hit the ball, or it lands outside the playing area. The game is played in singles or doubles, and it involves quick reflexes, precision, and strategy.

Gymnastics is a sport that involves performing exercises and routines that require strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Athletes in gymnastics perform on various apparatuses such as the vault, balance beam, floor, and uneven bars for women, and the pommel horse, rings, parallel bars, and high bar for men. The sport is known for its precision, fluid movements, and ability to combine acrobatics with artistic performance. Gymnastics is featured in major competitions like the Olympic Games, where athletes compete individually or as part of a team, showcasing their abilities in both technical and creative routines.

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on an 8x8 grid, where each player starts with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The objective is to checkmate the opponent’s king, meaning the king is in a position where it cannot escape capture. Each type of piece moves in specific ways: the king moves one square in any direction, the queen moves in any number of squares along a row, column, or diagonal, and the other pieces have their own unique movements. Players take turns moving their pieces, with the game requiring both tactical planning and strategy. The game ends when one player checkmates the other’s king, or a draw is declared.