单元 2 - 2A

A computer game is a video game that is played on a computer or similar device, using software to create the game environment and interactive elements. Players use input devices such as a keyboard, mouse, or controller to interact with the game. Computer games can be single-player or multiplayer, and they come in a variety of genres, such as action, adventure, strategy, and simulation. These games often involve completing tasks, solving puzzles, or competing against other players or the game itself. Computer games are popular for entertainment, education, and online socializing.

Tennis is a sport played between two players or two teams of two players each. The objective is to hit a ball over a net into the opponent's side of the court in such a way that they cannot return it within the rules. Players use a racket to hit the ball and aim to score points by making the ball land in the designated areas of the court. The game is played on different surfaces, including grass, clay, and hard courts. Points are scored in a specific system, with games, sets, and matches determining the winner.

A drum is a percussion instrument consisting of a cylindrical shell with a stretched material covering one or both ends. The drum produces sound when the player strikes this material with their hands, sticks, or mallets. The pitch and tone can vary based on the size of the drum, the tension of the material, and how it is played. Drums are used in various musical genres and settings, including orchestras, marching bands, and rock bands, providing rhythm and dynamic support. They are fundamental to many types of music and are known for their powerful, resonant sounds.

Rock climbing is an outdoor sport where individuals climb natural rock formations or artificial climbing walls. The goal is to ascend to the top of the rock or wall using both hands and feet while relying on strength, technique, and problem-solving skills. Climbers often use safety equipment such as ropes, harnesses, and metal clips to protect themselves from falling. The difficulty of the climb can vary depending on the route, the type of rock, and the climber's experience. Rock climbing is both physically demanding and mentally engaging, requiring balance, coordination, and endurance.

Skateboarding is a sport or recreational activity where individuals ride and perform tricks on a skateboard, which consists of a flat wooden board mounted on four wheels. Skaters use their feet to push, steer, and perform jumps, spins, and slides on various surfaces, including streets, ramps, and skate parks. The sport includes several styles, such as street skating, where skaters navigate obstacles like stairs and rails, and vert skating, which involves performing tricks on half-pipes or ramps. Skateboarding requires balance, coordination, and creativity, and it is popular both as a form of transportation and a competitive sport.

Swimming is a water activity where a person moves through water using their body and different strokes, such as freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, or butterfly. It can be done in pools, lakes, rivers, or the ocean. Swimming is a fun and effective way to exercise, as it works out the whole body while improving strength, endurance, and coordination. It is also a valuable skill for safety in the water. People swim for leisure, fitness, competition, or as part of water-based sports. Swimming can be enjoyed by people of all ages and skill levels.

Athletics is a collection of sports that involve physical activities such as running, jumping, throwing, and walking. These events are typically performed individually, although there are some team events, like relay races. Athletics is known for its simplicity and focus on natural physical abilities, testing endurance, speed, strength, and coordination. Common events in athletics include sprinting, long-distance running, high jump, long jump, shot put, and pole vault. It is a key part of many major sports competitions, such as the Olympic Games, where athletes from around the world compete in these events.

Badminton is a fast-paced sport played with a shuttlecock and rackets. It can be played between two players or two teams of two players each. The objective is to hit the shuttlecock over a net and into the opponent's side of the court in such a way that they cannot return it. Points are scored when the shuttlecock lands in the opponent's court or they fail to return it properly. The game is typically played indoors on a rectangular court, and it requires agility, quick reflexes, and precise shot placement.

Basketball is a team sport played between two teams of five players each, on a rectangular court with a hoop at each end. The objective is to score points by shooting a ball through the opponent's hoop, which is typically suspended 10 feet above the ground. Players can move the ball by dribbling or passing it to teammates, and they must work together to defend their hoop while trying to score. The game is played in four quarters, and the team with the most points at the end wins. Basketball is known for its fast pace, athleticism, and teamwork, and is played professionally in leagues like the NBA.

Cricket is a team sport played between two teams, usually of eleven players each, on an oval-shaped field. The objective is to score more runs than the opposing team. One team bats, and the other team bowls and tries to stop the batters from scoring. The batter’s goal is to hit the ball and run back and forth between two markers to score runs or by hitting the ball to the boundary of the field. The bowling team tries to get the batter out by hitting the wickets with the ball, catching the ball, or using other methods. The game is played in different formats, with teams trying to score the most runs before the game ends.

Gymnastics is a sport that involves performing exercises and routines that require strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Athletes in gymnastics perform on various apparatuses such as the vault, balance beam, floor, and uneven bars for women, and the pommel horse, rings, parallel bars, and high bar for men. The sport is known for its precision, fluid movements, and ability to combine acrobatics with artistic performance. Gymnastics is featured in major competitions like the Olympic Games, where athletes compete individually or as part of a team, showcasing their abilities in both technical and creative routines.

Karate is a Japanese martial art that focuses on striking techniques, including punches, kicks, knee strikes, and elbow strikes. It also involves blocking, defending, and kata, which are pre-arranged forms, to improve balance, strength, and coordination. Karate emphasizes discipline, respect, and mental focus, aiming to develop both physical and inner strength. Training often includes practicing techniques in the air, called kihon, sparring with a partner, called kumite, and performing kata to refine movement and technique. Karate is practiced for self-defense, physical fitness, and personal growth, and it is one of the most popular martial arts worldwide.

Rugby is a team sport played between two teams, typically of 15 players each, on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The objective is to score points by carrying, passing, or kicking the ball over the opponent’s goal line or through the goalposts. The game involves a combination of running, tackling, and strategy, and is played in two main forms: rugby union and rugby league, each with slightly different rules. Rugby is known for its physical contact, teamwork, and fast-paced action. It is popular in countries like New Zealand, England, South Africa, and Australia, with major competitions like the Rugby World Cup.

Sailing is a sport or activity where boats are moved by the wind using sails. The sails catch the wind, which pushes the boat forward across the water. Sailing can be done for recreation or in races, and it takes place on different bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, or oceans. To sail, the person in control of the boat must adjust the sails and steer the boat to navigate in different wind conditions. Sailing can be peaceful and relaxing or exciting and challenging, depending on the environment and type of boat used.

Skiing is a winter sport that has got people sliding down snow-covered slopes or trails on long, flat skis attached to their boots. It is an activity pursued, at a competitive or recreational level, or as a form of transport, and includes various types such as downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, and freestyle skiing. Skiers use poles to help stabilize balance and assist in turning, and the speed and difficulty greatly depend on the terrain. Skiing needs coordination, balance, and control, allowing for exciting enjoyment of a snow-covered landscape while being active.

Volleyball is a team sport played between two teams, typically of six players each, on a rectangular court divided by a net. The objective is to score points by sending the ball over the net and into the opponent's side of the court, while preventing the opposing team from returning the ball. Players use their hands to hit the ball, and each team is allowed three touches before the ball must be sent over the net. The game is played in sets, and the team that wins the most sets wins the match. Volleyball is known for its fast-paced action, teamwork, and skillful play.