单元 4 - 4A

Baboons are large primates native to Africa and are known for their distinctive appearance, with long snouts, sharp canine teeth, and a pronounced hump on their backs. They have fur that ranges in color from brown to grey, and their faces are often brightly colored with vivid patterns. Baboons are social animals that live in troops, led by dominant males, and they have complex social structures and behaviors. They are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, insects, and small mammals. Baboons are known for their adaptability and resilience, and they are able to thrive in a wide range of habitats, from savannas to forests.

An elephant is a large, majestic mammal with a distinctive, elongated nose called a trunk that can be used for a variety of purposes, such as grasping objects, drinking water, and communication. Elephants are known for their incredible size and strength, with adult males weighing up to six tons and standing over 13 feet tall. They are also known for their intelligence, with the ability to recognize themselves in mirrors and exhibit behaviors that suggest empathy and self-awareness. Elephants are social animals that live in herds, with females and their young forming tight-knit family units led by a matriarch. They are herbivores and can consume up to 300 pounds of vegetation in a single day. Elephants are an important cultural symbol in many parts of the world and are also revered for their conservation status as endangered species.

The lion is a large, muscular carnivorous mammal known for its distinctive appearance, including a majestic mane in males. Lions are social animals that live in groups called prides, typically consisting of multiple females, their offspring, and a small number of males. They are known for their powerful roar, which can be heard from long distances. Lions are skilled hunters that primarily prey on large ungulates such as wildebeest, zebras, and buffalo, using their strength, speed, and teamwork to bring down their prey. They are also opportunistic scavengers and may steal kills from other predators. Lions are found in various habitats across Africa, with a small population of Asiatic lions in India. They are revered as symbols of strength, courage, and leadership, and have been featured in many cultures and religions throughout history.

A raven is a large and intelligent bird belonging to the family Corvidae. Renowned for its glossy black plumage, impressive size, and deep croaking calls, the Raven is a symbol of mystery and wisdom in various cultures. These birds are highly adaptable and can be found in diverse habitats across the world, from dense forests to arid deserts. Ravens possess remarkable problem-solving abilities and have been observed using tools and displaying complex social behaviors. They are opportunistic feeders, scavenging on carrion, insects, small animals, and even plant matter. Ravens are known for their aerobatic flight, soaring and gliding with ease. They have a unique vocal repertoire, producing a wide range of calls, including melodious croaks, caws, and mimicry of other sounds. Considered among the most intelligent of all birds, Ravens are fascinating creatures with a rich mythology and an important role in many ecosystems.

A rhinoceros is a large, thick-skinned herbivorous mammal characterized by its horned snout and formidable size. They are typically found in grasslands and savannas in Africa and Asia. Rhinos can weigh over a ton and have a tough, grayish-brown skin that protects them from predators. They have one or two horns on their snout, which are made of keratin, the same material as human hair and nails. Despite their tough exterior, rhinos are herbivores that mainly feed on grass, leaves, and fruits. They are also known for their poor eyesight, but their sense of smell and hearing are excellent. Unfortunately, many species of rhinoceros are currently endangered due to habitat loss and poaching for their horns, which are believed to have medicinal properties in some cultures.

The wolverine, also known as the "skunk bear" or "glutton," is a large mammal native to the northern regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. Wolverines are known for their stocky build, powerful jaws, and sharp claws. They have a thick and dense fur that is usually dark brown or black in color, which helps them withstand the cold climates of their native habitats. Wolverines have a reputation for their ferocity and fearlessness, often taking on prey much larger than themselves. They are excellent hunters and scavengers, with a diet that includes small mammals, carrion, and even larger animals such as caribou or moose. Wolverines are known for their incredible strength and endurance, as well as their ability to traverse long distances in search of food. They are solitary animals and are well-adapted to living in harsh, remote environments.

Bears are large, powerful mammals with shaggy fur and a distinctive snout. They have a reputation for being fierce and dangerous, but they are also known for their intelligence and strength. There are several species of bears, including the grizzly, black bear, and polar bear, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats. Bears are omnivorous, meaning they eat both meat and plants, and they have a keen sense of smell which they use to locate food. They are also skilled climbers and swimmers, and are able to adapt to a wide range of environments, from dense forests to arctic tundras.

A chicken, a domesticated bird of the Gallus gallus species, is widely recognized for its culinary and agricultural significance. Raised for its meat, eggs, and feathers, chickens are one of the most commonly consumed poultry species worldwide. They are characterized by their compact bodies, covered in feathers of various colors and patterns, and their distinct beaks and wattles. Chickens are primarily ground-dwelling birds, but they are also capable of limited flight. They exhibit a social hierarchy within their flocks and communicate through a range of vocalizations, including clucking and crowing. Known for their ability to adapt to diverse environments, chickens are highly valued for their productivity and nutritional benefits.

A cow is a large mammal that belongs to the family Bovidae and is commonly used for milk and meat production. Cows are known for their distinctive appearance, with a stout body, four legs, and a large head adorned with horns in some species. They are herbivorous animals that typically graze on grasses and other vegetation. Cows are domesticated animals and have been selectively bred by humans for various purposes, including milk production, beef production, and as draft animals. They are widely distributed across the world and are an important source of food and livelihood for many human populations. Cows are also revered in some cultures and have cultural and religious significance in various traditions. Cows are known for their docile nature and their ability to form strong social bonds with other members of their herd.

An eagle is a large bird of prey known for its majestic appearance, powerful flight, and keen eyesight. With their sharp, hooked beaks and strong talons, they are skilled hunters that primarily feed on small mammals, birds, and fish. Eagles are characterized by their impressive wingspan, which allows them to soar through the skies with great agility and grace. They are often associated with strength, courage, and freedom, and their regal presence has made them symbols of power and nobility in various cultures around the world.

The fox is a fascinating and adaptable mammal that is found in various habitats across the world. With its slender body, pointed muzzle, and large, erect ears, the fox has a distinct and captivating appearance. Its most iconic feature is its bushy tail, known as a "brush" or "brushy tail," which can be long and fluffy, and serves various purposes such as balance, communication, and warmth. Foxes are known for their exceptional hunting skills, preying on a wide range of small mammals, birds, insects, and even fruits. They are also known for their ability to adapt to different environments, from forests to grasslands, deserts to urban areas. Foxes exhibit a wide range of behaviors, including social interactions, territorial marking, and communication through vocalizations and body language. They are known for their cunning and resourceful nature, making them successful predators and survivors in the wild. Foxes are also revered in folklore and mythology across cultures, often associated with traits such as cleverness, adaptability, and slyness.

The giraffe is a tall and elegant mammal found in parts of Africa. It is known for its long neck, which can reach up to six feet in length, and distinctive spotted pattern. The giraffe is a herbivore, feeding on leaves from tall trees using its long tongue, which can measure up to 18 inches. Their long legs and necks also make them incredibly fast runners, able to reach speeds of up to 35 miles per hour. Despite their size, giraffes are known for their gentle demeanor and peaceful nature. They often form groups called towers, and communicate with one another through a variety of sounds, including moans, grunts, and hisses. The giraffe is an iconic animal and a symbol of grace and beauty in the animal kingdom.

The horse is a large, herbivorous mammal known for its long legs, flowing mane, and powerful physique, with a history of domestication by humans for thousands of years for various purposes such as transportation, agriculture, and sports. Horses come in various breeds, sizes, and colors, and are known for their speed, strength, and endurance. They are social animals that typically live in herds and communicate through body language and vocalizations. Horses have played a significant role in human history and continue to be valued for their companionship, work, and recreational activities such as riding, racing, and showing.

Monkeys are a type of primate known for their arboreal lifestyle, characterized by their ability to climb trees and swing from branches using their long limbs and prehensile tails. They are highly intelligent and social animals, with a wide range of species found across the world, from tropical rainforests to savannahs and mountains. Monkeys have diverse physical appearances, varying in size, coloration, and features depending on the species. They typically have grasping hands and feet, forward-facing eyes, and often exhibit complex social behaviors and communication skills. Monkeys are omnivorous, consuming a diet that includes fruits, leaves, seeds, insects, and sometimes small animals. They are known for their agility, curiosity, and playfulness, often engaging in acrobatics, grooming, and other social interactions within their groups.

The pig is a domesticated mammal known for its stout body, short legs, and distinctive snout. Pigs are highly intelligent and social animals, and they come in a variety of breeds and sizes. They are omnivorous, feeding on a wide range of plant and animal-based foods, and are known for their keen sense of smell and ability to root in the ground in search of food. Pigs have a reputation for being voracious eaters and can consume large quantities of food in a short period of time. They are also known for their prolific breeding, with sows capable of producing large litters of piglets. Pigs are commonly raised for meat production, with pork being a staple in many cuisines around the world. However, pigs are also kept as companion animals, show animals, and even as therapy animals in some cases. Pigs are known for their distinctive grunting vocalizations, and they are also known to be playful and curious animals. They have a keen sense of smell and are often used in search and rescue operations or as truffle hunters. Pigs have a complex social structure within their groups, and they are known to form strong bonds with their fellow group members.

Sheep are domesticated animals that are widely raised for their meat, milk, and wool. They are known for their fluffy coat of wool, which can come in various colors, and their docile nature. Sheep are herbivorous animals that graze on grass and other vegetation, and they have a unique digestive system that allows them to efficiently process plant material. They are social animals that often form tight-knit groups called flocks, and they are known for their strong flocking instincts. Sheep have been domesticated for thousands of years and are an important source of food, fiber, and other products for humans. They are also used in some cultures for religious or cultural purposes, and they are often depicted symbolically in various forms of art and literature.

A spider is a small arachnid with eight legs and a body divided into two segments: the cephalothorax and the abdomen. It is known for its ability to spin silk webs to catch prey, and many species are venomous. Spiders are found in various habitats worldwide and play a crucial role in controlling insect populations.

The tiger is a magnificent big cat known for its stunning appearance and unparalleled strength. With its distinctive coat of orange fur and black stripes, the tiger is instantly recognizable. Tigers have a muscular body, a long tail for balance, and sharp teeth and claws for capturing and killing their prey. They are known for their exceptional hunting skills and are apex predators in their natural habitats. Tigers are primarily solitary animals that inhabit diverse ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and swamps in various parts of Asia. They are carnivorous and primarily hunt large ungulates, but they are also known to prey on smaller mammals and occasionally fish. Tigers are highly endangered and conservation efforts are underway to protect them from threats such as habitat loss and poaching.

The whale is a magnificent marine mammal, known for its colossal size, streamlined body, and marine adaptations. Whales are the largest animals on Earth, with some species reaching lengths of up to 100 feet or more. They have streamlined bodies with smooth skin and a sleek shape that allows them to glide effortlessly through the water. Whales have a blowhole on top of their heads that they use to breathe, and they are known for their impressive spouts or "blows" when exhaling air. They are powerful swimmers, capable of diving to great depths and undertaking long migrations. Whales are known for their complex social structures and vocalizations, often referred to as "whale songs." They are filter-feeders or hunters, depending on the species, and primarily feed on plankton, krill, fish, or other marine organisms. Whales are iconic and awe-inspiring creatures that have captivated human imagination for centuries, representing the majesty and mystery of the world's oceans.

The wolf is a highly adaptable and social carnivorous mammal, known for its sleek appearance, keen senses, and complex social structure. Wolves are members of the Canidae family and are typically characterized by their bushy tails, sharp ears, and piercing eyes. They have a lean body with a double coat of fur that can vary in color from gray to black, white, or brown, depending on the species and location. Wolves are highly skilled predators, with exceptional speed, agility, and endurance, making them formidable hunters. They are known for their strong pack bonds and cooperative hunting strategies, often working together to bring down large prey. Wolves have a sophisticated communication system that includes vocalizations, body postures, and scent marking. They are also known for their intelligence and adaptability, allowing them to thrive in diverse habitats across the Northern Hemisphere. Wolves have a rich cultural significance, often portrayed as symbols of wilderness, loyalty, and cunning, and they play a vital role in maintaining ecosystem balance as top predators.

A butterfly is a beautiful insect belonging to the order Lepidoptera, characterized by its vibrant colors and delicate wings. It undergoes a remarkable transformation from a caterpillar into an adult butterfly through the process of metamorphosis. Butterflies are known for their graceful flight and their important role in pollination as they feed on nectar from flowers. They are found in diverse habitats worldwide, including meadows, gardens, and forests. Butterflies are often associated with symbols of change, beauty, and freedom, captivating the admiration of people of all ages. They serve as a reminder of the ephemeral nature of life and the wonders of the natural world.