单元 5 - 5A

Carrots are root vegetables known for their bright orange color and sweet, crunchy taste. They have a cylindrical shape with a tapering end and a green leafy top, although the green tops are typically trimmed before sale. Carrots are rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin A, as well as fiber and antioxidants. They are commonly eaten raw as a snack or added to salads, slaws, and sandwiches for crunch and sweetness. Carrots can also be cooked in various ways, including boiling, steaming, roasting, and stir-frying, which enhances their natural sweetness and tenderizes their texture.

Cheese is a delicious food made from the curdled or coagulated milk of cows, goats, sheep, or other mammals. It comes in various textures, flavors, and forms, ranging from soft and creamy to hard and crumbly. Cheese can be enjoyed on its own, melted into dishes, or used as a topping or ingredient in a wide variety of recipes, including sandwiches, pasta dishes, and salads. It is a rich source of protein, calcium, and other essential nutrients, making it a popular and versatile food choice worldwide.

Chocolate is a popular sweet treat made from cocoa beans, sugar, and other ingredients such as milk, nuts, and spices. It is available in a variety of forms, from bars and blocks to chips and powder. Chocolate is commonly used in baking and desserts, and can also be enjoyed on its own. It is rich in antioxidants and can have a positive effect on mood and energy levels. Chocolate is a beloved treat around the world and is enjoyed in many different forms.

Coffee is a popular beverage that is made from roasted coffee beans, which are derived from the berries of the Coffea plant. It is enjoyed by millions of people around the world for its rich flavor, stimulating effects, and cultural significance. Coffee can be brewed in a variety of ways, including drip coffee, espresso, French press, and pour-over, and can be served hot or cold. It contains caffeine, which is a stimulant that can help improve mood, increase alertness, and enhance cognitive performance. Coffee also has a complex and nuanced flavor profile, with notes of chocolate, caramel, fruit, and nuts, depending on the roast and brewing method. It is often enjoyed as a morning pick-me-up, a midday treat, or an after-dinner digestif.

A cucumber is a long, green vegetable with a cylindrical shape and smooth skin. It has a mild, refreshing taste and a crisp texture. Cucumbers are commonly eaten raw and can be sliced and added to salads, sandwiches, or enjoyed on their own as a healthy snack. They are also used in various dishes such as gazpacho, sushi rolls, and pickles. Cucumbers are low in calories and rich in water, making them a hydrating and nutritious addition to meals.

Lettuce is a type of leafy green vegetable with large, crisp leaves that are commonly eaten raw in salads or used as a base for sandwiches and wraps. It is known for its mild, slightly sweet flavor and crunchy texture. Lettuce comes in various varieties, including iceberg, romaine, butterhead, and leaf lettuce, each with its own unique taste and characteristics. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making it a nutritious addition to your diet.

Mushrooms are fungi that come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, colors, and flavors. They are widely consumed in cuisines around the world due to their unique taste and versatile culinary applications. Mushrooms can range from mild and earthy to savory and meaty, and they can be enjoyed raw or cooked in a variety of dishes. Common types of edible mushrooms include button mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, and cremini mushrooms, among others. Mushrooms can be sautéed, grilled, roasted, or used as an ingredient in soups, stews, stir-fries, pasta dishes, and more. They are valued not only for their delicious flavor but also for their nutritional benefits, as they are low in calories and fat and high in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

A nut is a small, hard-shelled fruit that contains a single seed inside. Nuts are often found in trees or shrubs and are a popular food due to their high nutritional value. They come in various shapes and sizes and are consumed both raw and roasted or used in cooking, baking, and as snacks. Some common types of nuts include almonds, walnuts, cashews, and peanuts. Nuts are rich in healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals, making them a nutritious addition to any diet.

An orange is a round citrus fruit known for its bright orange color and juicy, flavorful flesh. It typically has a thick, textured skin that can be easily peeled to reveal segments of pulp inside. Rich in vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, oranges are a nutritious and refreshing snack with a sweet-tart flavor and hints of citrusy acidity. They come in various varieties, including navel oranges, Valencia oranges, and blood oranges, each with its own unique taste. Oranges can be enjoyed fresh, juiced, or used in a variety of recipes, from salads and desserts to marinades and sauces, making them a versatile and popular fruit worldwide.

A tomato is a round or oval-shaped fruit with a smooth and shiny skin, typically red when ripe, although there are also yellow, orange, and green varieties. It has a juicy flesh with numerous seeds within it. Tomatoes are widely used in cooking around the world and are considered a staple ingredient in many cuisines. They can be eaten raw in salads, sandwiches, or salsas, or cooked in sauces, soups, stews, and many other dishes. Tomatoes are rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin C and vitamin K, as well as antioxidants and dietary fiber.

A cake is a baked dessert that is typically made from a mixture of flour, sugar, eggs, butter, and other ingredients, such as baking powder, milk, or flavorings. The ingredients are mixed together to form a batter, which is then poured into a cake pan and baked until it is golden brown and cooked through. Cakes can come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and flavors, ranging from simple sheet cakes to multi-tiered wedding cakes. They can be decorated with frosting, fondant, or other toppings, such as fresh fruit, flowers, or candy. Cakes are a beloved dessert all over the world and are often served to celebrate special occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, and holidays.

Ice cream is a popular frozen dessert made from a mixture of cream, milk, sugar, and flavorings. It is usually served in a cone or cup and can be customized with different flavors and toppings. Ice cream is a favorite among those looking for a cool and refreshing treat, and can be enjoyed as a snack or a dessert.

Olive oil is a versatile oil made from pressed olives, widely used in cooking, dressings, and dips. It comes in varieties like extra virgin, virgin, and regular or refined. Extra virgin olive oil, extracted without heat or chemicals, is the highest quality and most flavorful, often used in salads or low-heat cooking. Virgin olive oil is similar but slightly lower in quality, while regular olive oil is more refined and milder, suitable for higher-heat cooking. Olive oil offers health benefits like monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, promoting heart health and overall well-being

Tomato sauce is a versatile and flavorful condiment made from cooked tomatoes, often seasoned with herbs, spices, and sometimes vegetables. It is a staple ingredient in many cuisines around the world and is used in a variety of dishes, including pasta, pizza, lasagna, and soups. Tomato sauce can vary in consistency, ranging from smooth and silky to chunky and hearty, depending on how it is prepared and used. It adds a rich and tangy flavor to dishes, while also providing a vibrant red color. Tomato sauce can be homemade or store-bought, and it is commonly used as a base for other sauces or as a standalone topping or ingredient in countless recipes.

Fruit salad is a dish made from a variety of fresh fruits that are cut into bite-sized pieces and mixed together. The fruits used in a fruit salad can vary depending on the season and personal preference, but often include popular choices such as strawberries, blueberries, melons, grapes, and pineapple. Some recipes may also include a dressing made from yogurt, honey, or other sweeteners to add extra flavor and moisture to the salad. Fruit salad is a popular and healthy dessert option that is perfect for hot summer days or as a refreshing end to a meal.

Cream is a rich and creamy dairy product that is obtained by skimming the fatty layer from milk. It has a smooth and velvety texture, and it adds a luxurious richness to various dishes. Cream is often used in cooking and baking to enhance flavors, thicken sauces, and provide a luscious mouthfeel. It can be whipped into soft peaks to create whipped cream, which is a popular topping for desserts and beverages. Cream comes in different varieties, such as heavy cream, light cream, and half-and-half, each with varying levels of fat content. Its indulgent and decadent nature makes it a versatile ingredient in both sweet and savory culinary creations.

Grape refers to small, juicy fruits that grow in clusters on vines and come in various colors such as green, red, or purple. They are widely enjoyed around the world for their sweet and refreshing taste. Grapes are not only delicious as a fresh snack but are also used to make a variety of products like wine, juice, and raisins. With their rich nutritional profile and versatility, grapes have become a popular and beloved fruit choice, adding a touch of indulgence to both sweet and savory dishes.

Ketchup is a popular condiment made from tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, salt, and various spices. It is known for its vibrant red color and sweet-tart flavor profile. Ketchup is widely used as a dipping sauce, topping, or ingredient in numerous dishes, including burgers, fries, sandwiches, and meatloaf. Its versatility and widespread appeal have made it a beloved condiment around the world.

Onion is a bulbous vegetable with layers of papery skin and a strong aroma. It comes in various colors, including white, yellow, and red, and has a sharp, spicy flavor when raw. Onions are commonly used in cooking to add flavor and depth to dishes. They can be chopped, sliced, or minced and used in soups, stews, stir-fries, sauces, and salads. Onions can also be caramelized or sautéed to bring out their natural sweetness. They are rich in vitamins and minerals, particularly vitamin C and potassium, and contain antioxidants that may offer health benefits.

A peach is a soft and juicy fruit with a velvety skin that can range in color from yellow to pink to red. It typically has a round or slightly flattened shape and a distinctive crease along one side. Peaches have a sweet and fragrant flavor, and they are prized for their juicy flesh surrounding a single large pit or stone in the center. Peaches are commonly eaten fresh as a snack or used in various culinary applications, including desserts, salads, sauces, and beverages. They are also delicious when grilled or baked. Peaches are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a nutritious and delicious addition to your diet.

Peas are small, round green vegetables that grow in pods. They have a sweet flavor and a tender texture when cooked. Peas are commonly used in cooking and can be enjoyed fresh, frozen, or canned. They are versatile and can be added to a wide variety of dishes, including soups, salads, stir-fries, and casseroles. Peas are also rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, making them a nutritious addition to meals.

Pepper refers to the dried berries of the Piper nigrum vine. It is one of the most widely used spices in the world, prized for its bold and pungent flavor. Pepper comes in various forms, including black, white, green, and red peppercorns, each with its own unique flavor profile and culinary uses. Black pepper, the most common variety, has a sharp and spicy flavor with earthy undertones. It is often used to season savory dishes such as meats, soups, sauces, and vegetables. White pepper has a milder flavor compared to black pepper, with a slightly floral and less pungent taste. Green pepper is harvested before it fully ripens and has a fresh, slightly fruity flavor with a mild heat. Red pepper, also known as pink pepper, is not actually from the Piper nigrum vine but is derived from the Schinus molle trees. It has a fruity and slightly sweet flavor with a mild heat.

The potato is a versatile root vegetable that is a staple food in many cuisines around the world. It has a brown, rough skin and a starchy, creamy flesh that can vary in color from white to yellow to purple, depending on the variety. Potatoes are commonly boiled, baked, mashed, fried, or roasted and can be used in a wide range of dishes, from soups and stews to salads and side dishes. They are prized for their versatility, mild flavor, and ability to absorb other flavors. Potatoes are also rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin B6, minerals, such as potassium and magnesium, and dietary fiber. They are a filling and nutritious food that provides energy and essential nutrients, making them a valuable part of a balanced diet.

A salmon is an iconic migratory fish known for its incredible journey from freshwater to the open ocean and back again to spawn. They have streamlined bodies and are typically silvery in color, with a distinctive pattern of dark spots. Salmon are native to the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as well as the rivers and streams connected to them. They are renowned for their remarkable ability to navigate long distances and overcome challenging obstacles, including strong river currents and natural barriers. Salmon are anadromous, meaning they are born in freshwater, migrate to the ocean to mature, and return to their natal rivers to reproduce. They are highly valued for their nutritious flesh and are an important food source for humans and wildlife alike. The life cycle of salmon is a testament to their resilience and their vital role in the ecosystems they inhabit.

Salt is a mineral compound composed of sodium and chlorine ions. It is one of the most commonly used seasonings and food preservatives worldwide. Salt is essential for human health, playing a crucial role in regulating fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. In food preparation, salt is used to enhance flavor, balance sweetness, and inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thereby acting as a natural preservative. It is utilized in a wide variety of culinary applications, including cooking, baking, pickling, and curing. While salt is essential in moderate amounts, excessive consumption can contribute to health issues such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Spinach is a leafy green vegetable known for its dark green leaves and mild, slightly earthy flavor. It is commonly eaten raw in salads or cooked in various dishes such as soups, stews, and stir-fries. Spinach is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a nutritious addition to your diet. It is particularly high in iron and vitamin K, which are important for maintaining healthy blood and bones. Spinach is also low in calories and carbohydrates, making it a popular choice for those looking to add more nutrients to their meals without adding extra calories.

Steak is a cut of meat, typically beef, prized for its tenderness, flavor, and versatility in cooking. It is usually sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, resulting in a tender texture suitable for grilling, pan-searing, broiling, or other high-heat cooking methods. Steak cuts vary in size, thickness, and marbling. The quality of a steak often depends on factors such as the animal's breed, age, and diet, as well as the cooking technique used.

The strawberry is a small, juicy fruit with a bright red color and a sweet flavor. It is characterized by its heart-shaped profile and tiny seeds that dot its surface. Strawberries are commonly grown in many parts of the world and are widely enjoyed for their delicious taste and versatility in cooking. They can be eaten fresh as a snack, used in salads, desserts, and smoothies, or incorporated into jams and sauces. Strawberries are also rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making them a nutritious addition to your diet.

Sugar is a sweet-tasting substance that comes in various forms, such as granulated, powdered, or brown. It is derived from plants, typically sugarcane or sugar beets, and is used to sweeten foods and beverages. Sugar is a simple carbohydrate that provides quick energy to the body. It is commonly used in baking, cooking, and making sweet treats like cookies, cakes, and candies. However, it is essential to consume sugar in moderation as excessive intake can lead to health issues such as obesity and tooth decay.

Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients, along with proteins and fats, that provide energy to the body. They are found in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products. Carbohydrates are classified into three main types: sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars are simple carbohydrates found in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, as well as in processed foods like candy and soda. Starches are complex carbohydrates found in foods like potatoes, rice, bread, and pasta. Fiber, also a complex carbohydrate, is found in plant-based foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, and it aids in digestion. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used by the body's cells for energy, especially for the brain and muscles during physical activity. A balanced intake of carbohydrates is important for overall health, supporting functions like energy production, digestion, and nutrient absorption.

Meat refers to the flesh of animals that is eaten as food. It can come from various animals such as cows, pigs, chickens, and fish. Meat is a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and it is commonly cooked in various ways including grilling, roasting, frying, or stewing. It is a significant part of many diets around the world, providing essential nutrients and contributing to a balanced diet.

Fish refers to the flesh of aquatic animals that is commonly consumed as food. It is a nutritious source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and it comes in a wide variety of species, each with its own unique flavor and texture. Fish can be prepared in numerous ways, including grilling, baking, frying, steaming, or raw in dishes such as sushi and sashimi. It is a versatile ingredient used in many cuisines around the world and it is valued not only for its taste and nutritional benefits but also for its role in promoting heart health and overall well-being.

Vegetables are plants or parts of plants that we can eat either raw or cooked. They include things like carrots, broccoli, lettuce, and potatoes. Vegetables are full of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and fiber, which are important for keeping us healthy. They come in many shapes, sizes, and colors, and can be enjoyed in various dishes, from salads to soups to stir-fries.

Condiment refers to essential food ingredients that add flavor, zest, and depth to a wide range of dishes. They come in various forms such as sauces, seasonings, spices, and toppings, and are used to enhance the taste, aroma, and overall enjoyment of meals. Condiments offer a burst of flavor, ranging from tangy and spicy to sweet and savory, allowing individuals to customize their culinary experiences. Whether it's a dollop of ketchup on a burger, a sprinkle of herbs on roasted vegetables, or a drizzle of dressing on a salad, condiments play a vital role in elevating the taste and culinary creativity of our meals.